Ingxowa-mali yokuTshintshiselana ngokuThengiswa (ETF) kwizinto ezingafunekiyo, zinikwa njengesisombululo seekhontrakthi ezizayo. Kukho ii-ETFs kuninzi lwezinto ezithengiswayo kwiimarike. Ingxaki iza, xa ukhetha uhlobo luni lwe-ETF kungcono ukuba sikhethe. Phakathi kweentlobo ezikhoyo, sifumana ezinye eziphindaphinda ixabiso ngokwasemzimbeni, isivumelwano, kunye neemeko ezithile, iikhomishini, njl.
Nangona kunjalo, into ebethayo kukuba kukho ii-ETFs ezibonakala ngathi ziphulukana nexabiso ngokuhamba kwexesha. Yintoni le nto ukwehla ngokuthe ngcembe ngenxa? Kwaye kutheni abanye kubonakala ngathi baphindaphinda ngokuthembekileyo ixabiso abalibonisayo? Malunga nezi zinto, iintlobo ze-ETF ezinokufumaneka, kunye noluhlu oluncinci ezinye zazo esinokuzifumana, yinto esiza kuthetha ngayo kweli nqaku.
Iindidi ze-ETFs esinokuzifumana kwimarike yorhwebo
Imarike yorhwebo iquka ikakhulu Iindidi ze-3 zeendidi, zesinyithi, zamandla, kunye nezolimo. Singazifumana ii-ETFs ezithi ziqokelele iiasethi ezininzi, icandelo, ezimbalwa zazo, iiasethi ezithile okanye iinkampani ezikhethekileyo kwimveliso yento enye okanye ezinye izinto ezingafunekiyo. Kwimeko apho ii-asethi ezininzi zihlanganisiwe, azinabunzima bonke (ipesenti) kwi-ETF, ke Kuya kufuneka ujonge iphepha lobuchwephesha le-ETF ebuzwayo.
Omnye umbuzo ngowokuba ingaba ikamva lempahla yorhwebo linemihla yokuhanjiswa okanye idwelisiwe kwintengiso ehleliweyo. Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo esilichukumisayo, njengezinyithi, ezingezizo izinto ezinje ngegolide okanye isilivere xa kuthelekiswa nezo zorhwebo, ziya kuziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo kwi-ETF. Umahluko kumaxabiso kwizivumelwano ungakhokelela kwiindleko ezongezelelweyo, okanye ngokuchaseneyo, inzuzo (engaqhelekanga kakhulu). Sithetha apha malunga neContango kunye nokubuyela umva.
Yintoni i-contango kwi-ETF?
Enye yeengxaki ezingundoqo esinokuzifumana xa sityala imali kwixesha elide kwii-ETF ezithile zezo I-contango. Le meko "yokulahleka kwexabiso" yenzeka xa ixabiso le-asethi, oko kukuthi, ixabiso lokuhanjiswa kwangoko, liphantsi kunexabiso elizayo le-asethi. Oku kwenzeka xa abatyali mali balindele ukuba ixabiso leasethi liza kuhlala lizinzile okanye linyuke nakwixa elizayo. Kwimarike yexesha elizayo, umahluko kumaxabiso anyukayo ufumaneka kwezi khontrakthi zilandelayo xa le meko isenzeka. Le nto ikhuthazwa ngoovimba bemathiriyeli ekrwada, apho iindleko zempahla, ukugcinwa, kunye nenzala engafunyenwanga xa kutyalomali iimpahla ziqwalaselwa.
Ukuba utyala imali ngokuthe ngqo kwintengiso yexesha elizayo, ukuqhubeka nokuvula "izikhundla ezinde" kunokufezekiswa ngokuthi "ungene." Oko kukuthi, nika ikhontrakthi yangoku yexesha elizayo kwaye uthathe elinye ikamva ngokwahluka kwamaxabiso ngokuhambelana umahluko (ilahleko) ngexabiso. Kwimeko ye-ETFs, oku kulahleka kubonakala kwixabiso kuya kubangelwa yinto efanayo, kubangele ukuba ixabiso labo lihle kwixesha elide.
Imeko echaseneyo ne-contango iya kuba ngasemva. Xa ixabiso langoku lokuhanjiswa kwexesha elizayo liphezulu kunexabiso leasethi esezantsi. Nangona kunjalo, into eqhelekileyo kwintengiso kukuba i-contango yenzeka, endaweni yokubuyela umva.
Umahluko phakathi kwee-ETFs kunye neeasethi abaziphindayo
Nangona ngaphambili ibichaziwe ngempembelelo ye-contango kunye nelahleko yexabiso, ayizizo zonke ii-ETFs kwimpahla efanayo eziphindaphindwe ngendlela efanayo. Ukuchonga ukuba yeyiphi eyona ETF ilungileyo kwiasethi, kuya kufuneka sithelekise unxibelelwano kunye naleyo yeasethi isisiseko. Ii-ETFs eziphindaphindayo ekuziphatheni ziya kuba zezona zinomdla kakhulu. Kananjalo, kuya kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba ayizizo zonke ii-asethi ezisebenza ngendlela efanayo. Ukwenza oku, siza kubona eminye imizekelo.
Kwimeko yesilivere, sinokujonga indlela yokuziphatha ye-ETF ephindaphindayo ethembekileyo yokuziphatha kwempahla emele yona. Imalunga nayo Ubulumko Isilivere somzimba. Yenzelwe abatyali mali abafuna imbuyekezo efanayo neye-asethi emele iindleko ezingaphantsi ezivela kwi-ETF, ehlala iphantsi kakhulu. Kule meko, sinokufumana ezinye izinyithi ezifana negolide, ethi ngenxa yeempawu zayo, ibe yinto enokuphindaphindwa nge-100%.
Kwezinye iimeko, isiphumo se-contango asinakuphepheka. Singayifumana kwimeko ekhankanyiweyo, iGesi. Ngelixa iasethi ephantsi ilahlekelwe li-37% yexabiso layo xa kuthelekiswa neminyaka esi-8 eyadlulayo, isiphumo sempikiswano, ngenxa yezizathu ezichaziweyo ngasentla, sibangele ukwehla phantse kweepesenti ezingama-90 kwi-ETF ephindaphindayo.
Oku kuthetha ukuba Kufuneka sihlale sijonga unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-ETF kunye nemveliso apho sinomdla khona. Kwaye kuxhomekeke kwindalo yabo, sinokukhetha ukutyala ixesha elide okanye olunye uhambo lwexeshana kunye nokukhawuleza. IContango, ke, iba ngumgibe oza kubanjiswa kuwo ixesha elide ukuba awuyithathi inzuzo yokunyuka okwethutyana.
Uluhlu lwee-ETF ezithile zokutyala imali kurhwebo
Ngolu luhlu lulandelayo, uyabona ukuba zininzi iindlela kunye neendlela zokutyala imali kwimpahla yorhwebo. Yonke into iya kuxhomekeka ekugqibeleni, ngokokhetho lwethu lomboniso. Kodwa ukufumana umbono, oku kulandelayo ngumzekelo wento esinokuyifumana:
- Ioli. I Ingxowa yeoyile yeUnited States Yi-ETF ethi izame ukuphinda ixabiso leoyile (kuthathelwa ingqalelo amaxabiso okuphelelwa, kunye nokuchasa le nyanga nganye, isiphumo se-contango senzeka, umzekelo).
- IPlatinam El I-ETF yePlatin yePhysical ngo-WisdomTree ngokunyanisekileyo uphinda indlela yokuziphatha kweplatinam. Kwiwebhusayithi yayo unokufumana ezinye ii-ETF ezininzi ezinamaxabiso asondele kakhulu kwezinye izinyithi.
- Ingqolowa. I Ukutya kwe-ETF Ijolise ekuphindaphindweni kwexabiso lengqolowa, kunye nemeko efanayo.
- Ubhedu. El Abavukuzi beCopper X behlabathi yi-ETF elandelela i-Solactive Gobal Copper Miners Total Return Index. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iimpahla ze-ETF, le nto ithatha ithuba lokungazinzi ngokutyala ngokuthe ngqo kwiinkampani zemigodi, ikwabonelela ngentlawulo yesahlulo.
- Ezolimo. El Ingxowa-mali yezoLimo naManzi yePanda yi-ETF ekubhekiswa kuyo yi-S & P Global Agribusiness Index kunye ne-S & P Global Water Index. Ityala imali kuzo zombini iinkampani zezolimo kunye nabathengi, ngendlela ebaluleke kakhulu. Ikwayi-ETF equka icandelo lamanzi.