Iimali zotyalo-mali yenye yeemveliso abatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi abakhethwayo ikakhulu njengesixhobo sokwenza ukonga kwabo kunenzuzo. Kulula kakhulu ukuqesha kwaye ziyavumela zahlula-hlula iminikelo ngee-asethi ezahlukeneyo zemali. Ayisiyiyo kuphela kwii-equity, kodwa nakwingeniso esisigxina kunye nakwezinye iindlela zotyalo-mali, zizinto esiza kuthetha ngazo kweli nqaku lingezantsi. Njengenye yeenketho kumaxesha anzima kwiimarike zemali.
Ngokwalo mxholo jikelele, imali yotyalo-mali yesizwe kungoku nje idlula kwi-5% yenzuzo eyakhayo kwiinyanga ezine zokuqala zonyaka, ngokweedatha zamva nje ezinikezwe nguMbutho waMaziko oTyalo-mali oluHlanganisiweyo kunye neNgxowa-mali yoMhlala-phantsi (Inverco). Apho kuboniswa khona ukuba iiasethi ezidibeneyo zotyalo-mali oluhlangeneyo, oko kukuthi, iimali kunye neenkampani, zinamava ngo-Epreli ukonyuka kwezigidi ezingama-3.072 zeerandi kwaye yema kwizigidi ezingama-478.298, nto leyo ebonisa ukwanda kwe-0,6% xa kuthelekiswa nenyanga edlulileyo, kweyoKwindla.
Kwiinyanga ezine zokuqala zonyaka, umthamo wee-asethi unyuke nge-5,1%. Apho, inani leakhawunti yabathathi-nxaxheba limile ngoku malunga ne-14.168.573, emele ukuncitshiswa kwe-3,3% xa kuthelekiswa noDisemba 2018. Ngelixa kwelinye icala, imali yotyalo-mali ibhaliswe ngo-Epreli, imbuyekezo yemali eyi-184 yezigidi zeerandi. Kunyaka wonke, Ukuqokelela intlawulo yemali eyi-698 yezigidi ze-euro. Yintoni ecinga ukuba ukwanda kwemisebenzi eyenziweyo kwinxalenye yabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi. Kodwa apho enye imali yotyalo-mali ibe yenye yeendlela esinokuzikhetha ukususela ngoku ukuya phambili.
Enye indlela yokuthenga izindlu nomhlaba
Enye yezona modeli zithengiswayo ziinkampani zolawulo kwaye injongo yayo kukubetha inzuzo yezinye iimali zotyalo-mali ezijongwa njengezona ziqhelekileyo. Akunakulityalwa ukuba zinxibelelene nelinye lawona macandelo abalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwesizwe lwemveliso. Zombini kwinto ekubhekiswa kuyo kwixabiso lecandelo lokwakha, ngokubhekisele kwizakhiwo kunye nakwezinto ngokubanzi inento yokwenza nayo ngezitena. Kuyinyani ukuba ukubhencwa kwakho emngciphekweni kuphezulu kakhulu kunakwenye ingxowa mali yemveli. Kodwa kwelinye icala, umvuzo unokuphakama ngohlobo lwenzuzo ephezulu.
Olu didi lweemali zotyalo-mali lubonakaliswa ngokungazinzi kunabanye. Oko kukuthi, bonisa umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwamaxabiso aphezulu kunye neyona isezantsi. Kodwa isiphumo sayo singaphantsi kokuthengwa kunye nokuthengiswa kwezabelo kwimarike yemasheya. Phakathi kwezinye izizathu kuba olu didi lweemveliso zotyalo-mali oluhlangeneyo lujolise kuzo kwixesha eliphakathi kwaye ingakumbi ixesha elide. Ngaphandle kokunye ukuthathelwa ingqalelo kobuchwephesha bendalo kwaye mhlawumbi nakwindawo yokujonga izinto ezisisiseko. Esona sithintelo kukuba isithembiso sayo asinamandla njengakwezinye iimali zotyalo mali. Ngobukho beemodeli zokugcina ezimbalwa kunye naphantsi kwezakhiwo ezifanayo phakathi kwazo zonke.
Ngokusekwe kutshintshiselwano lwemali
Yinto ebekiweyo kule minyaka idlulileyo ngabona batyali mali banoburhalarhume kwiimarike zezemali. Inenzuzo yokuba iiasethi ezahlukeneyo zemali zinokukhethwa kweli candelo kutyalo-mali: I-Euro, iDollar, iSwitzerland yaseFransi, i-Yen yaseJapan okanye iKrone yaseNorway, phakathi kwezinye zezona zibalulekileyo. Kuxhomekeke kwiminqamlezo eyenzeka ngamaxesha onke. Ngaphandle kwenkolelo edumileyo, lutyalomali olubeka umngcipheko ogqithileyo kwimisebenzi eyenziwa ngabasebenzisi. Ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba imali eninzi inokushiyeka endleleni ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo okuphezulu.
Ngelixa kwelinye icala, asinakulibala ukuba ezi asethi zemali zenziwe kwifayile ye- enye indlela kutyalomali lwesintu kunye nezinye eziqhelekileyo. Kuba zikwakhona iimodeli ezininzi apho sinokukhetha khona ukusukela ngoku. Abaphathi bamanye amazwe bajonga kubaluleke kakhulu kwezi asethi zemali kwaye ngenxa yazo abasileli kwizindululo zabo zotyalo-mali. Ngaphantsi kweefomathi ezahlukeneyo kwisicwangciso sayo esijolise kutyalo-mali ukuze bakwazi ukuziqhelanisa neemfuno zokwenyani zabathathi-nxaxheba.
Umkhwa wokugqibela: izinto zokwenza imveliso
Kukutsha okutsha okubonelelwa ngabaphathi bamanye amazwe ukwenza ukonga kunenzuzo ngokwembono eyahlukileyo ngokwendlela eyakhiwe ngayo imali yotyalo-mali enale mpawu ikhethekileyo. Kuba, enyanisweni, banokwahluka kukutya okusisiseko, njengengqolowa, isoya okanye icocoa ukuya kwezinye edityaniswe namandla, njengoko kunjalo kwimeko ethile yegesi okanye ioli. Yahlukile ngenxa yokuba inokubaluleka okungaphezulu kokuphindaphindayo kwaye kwezinye iimeko ikufutshane kumanqanaba ajikeleze i-20%. Kodwa apho kukho ubungozi kwaye kufuneka uyazi ukuba ungazibhala njani ngokwexesha ngalinye lokudibana.
Kwelinye icala, kutyalo mali olunokuba lunomdla kakhulu ngamanye amaxesha xa ubuthathaka kwiimarike zezabelo ziyinyani. Phambi kwakhe umngcipheko wokuwa kweemarike eziqhelekileyo zemali. Ngelixa inokuthi ivelise imali eninzi kwimisebenzi ephuhliswe ngabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi. Apho kungenakulityalwa ukuba zininzi nangakumbi iimali zotyalo-mali ezigcina ezi zinto zorhwebo phantsi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zotyalo-mali. Kwaye nakweyiphi na imeko, bakho kuzo zonke iipotfoliyo zotyalo-mali ezithengiswa ngabaphathi abohlukeneyo belizwe nakwamanye amazwe.
Imali yeDijithali yemali
Ewe kunjalo, le yeyona nto iyiyo yokuyila okwangoku kwaye ke iimodeli zotyalo-mali zinomda kakhulu. Ukuza kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba zimbalwa kakhulu iimali zezi mpawu ziyathengiswayo ziinkampani zolawulo ezingaphandle kwemida yethu. Ngokusekwe kwiimali ezahlukeneyo zedijithali, apho ubukho obuchanekileyo bobonaBitcoin, kodwa ngezinye iimali ezifanelekileyo ezinje I-Litecoin, i-Ethereum, njl. Njengoko unokucinga, umngcipheko wezi zikhundla mkhulu kwaye ungaphezulu kweeasethi zemali ezishiyekileyo.
Utyalo-mali kwiimali ezibonakalayo ngokusebenzisana kwemali yingcamango enobundlobongela onokufumana ngayo imali eninzi. Kodwa ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo, shiya i-euro eninzi endleleni ngenxa ye- ukungazinzi kwixabiso yezi asethi zemali ikhethekileyo. Kwaye le yinto ekufuneka abatyali-mali bayithathele ingqalelo ukusukela ngoku ukuya phambili ukuze singafumani ezinye izinto ezothusayo ukusukela ngoku. Ewe kunjalo, ayilotyalo-mali olucetyiswayo kuninzi lwabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi. Ingakumbi ukuba abanakufunda kolu hlobo lomsebenzi.
Idityaniswe kwiidipozithi zebhanki
Ngokwahlukileyo, kukho imali yotyalo-mali enxulunyaniswe kwiidipozithi zebhanki zexesha elimiselweyo. Ziimodeli ezinomdla kakhulu okanye ezikhuselayo kwaye, ngokungafaniyo nezo zangaphambili, azinabungozi obuninzi. Kodwa ukubuya, inzuzo enokufunyanwa iyancitshiswa kakhulu kwaye iyilwe kumtya ohambayo Iipesenti ezingama-0,20 ukuya kuma-1,50% kwimeko elungileyo. Yenziwe kwifomathi ukwenza ibhegi yokonga kwixesha eliphakathi nelide. Ngelixa ngokuchaseneyo, iyimveliso elula ukuyiqonda kwaye ayifuni lwazi luphakamileyo ngenkcubeko yezemali.
Kwelinye icala, ayilibale ukuba i-European Central Bank (ECB), kwintlanganiso yayo yomgaqo-nkqubo wezemali ngo-Epreli khange ingenise utshintsho kumazinga enzala aseburhulumenteni. Ngamanye amagama, ayizukuchaphazela inzala echazwe zezi ngxowa mali zisisiseko. Ewe kunjalo, sisicwangciso esingenakho nangaliphi na ixesha ukuba sikwazi ukuba ngoosozigidi ngenxa yokungenelela kongenelelo abanalo. Njengokuba zifikeleleka kakhulu kuzo zonke iiprofayili zabathathi-nxaxheba. Ngaphandle kwezinye izinto zobuchwephesha eziya kuba ngumxholo wamanye amanqaku.
Kule meko, iimali zotyalo-mali ngokubanzi zirekhode imbuyekezo entle ye-2019% ngo-Epreli 1,13, ukuze inzuzo eqokelelweyo ngonyaka ime kwi-5,03%, isenza i-2019, ngokwenzuzo, kwikota yokuqala yechungechunge lwezembali. Kodwa ayisayi kuhlala ifana nqwa nemveliso engalinganiyo kwiziphumo zayo zekota. Umahluko obaluleke kakhulu ukusuka kwikota enye ukuya kwenye yonyaka. Ngesi sizathu, iimali zotyalo-mali akufuneki zijolise kwixesha elifutshane kakhulu. Ukuba akunjalo, ngokuchaseneyo, kulula kakhulu ukubalathisa kwixesha eliphakathi kwaye ngakumbi ixesha elide. Ukuze ngale ndlela, imbuyekezo eqikelelweyo ifezekiswe ziinkampani zolawulo kuzwelonke nakwamanye amazwe. Ngaphandle kwezinye izinto zobuchwephesha eziya kuba ngumxholo wamanye amanqaku.