Imali ezihlangeneyo ayisiyo mveliso yezemali ehamba ngamaxesha amahle kakhulu. Ukuba akunjalo, ngokuchaseneyo, kwaye ngokweenkcukacha zakutshanje ezibonelelwe nguMbutho waMaziko oTyalo-mali oluHlanganisiweyo kunye neNgxowa-mali yoMhlala-phantsi (Inverco) zibonisa ukuba ukubuyisela imali abo banikezela ngokulandelelana kwezihloko zabo bafikelela kumanqanaba angazange abonwe kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Apho ukuphuma okuqhubekayo kwezi asethi zemali yenye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo kule marike ikhethekileyo.
Akunakulityalwa ukuba kulo nyaka, oza kuphela, inxalenye elungileyo yale mali yotyalo-mali ikwimeko enokuchazwa njengobuthathaka kakhulu. Ngokwehla okubonakalayo kuqikelelo lwamaxabiso kwaye kwezinye iimeko kwi Iipesenti ezimbini. Kodwa le meko iye yenziwa mandundu yile yokuba azichaphazeli kuphela imali esekwe kubulungisa njengoko umntu anokucinga kwasekuqaleni. Ukuba akunjalo, ngokuchaseneyo, abo bengeniso esisigxina nabo bangamaxhoba okanye babizwa ngokuba ziimodeli ezizezinye.
Le nyani ikhokelele uninzi lwabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi ukuba bakhathazeke kakhulu ngotyalo-mali lwabo kwaye kwezinye iimeko abanakukhetha kodwa vala izikhundla zakho kwezinye zezi asethi zemali. Ngamanye amaxesha ukonwabela iingeniso zakho (ngokuthenga okuneminyaka emihlanu okanye nangaphezulu ubudala) nakwabanye ukuze ungaphinde ube nefuthe kwilahleko yakho. Yiyo kanye le meko yokugqibela eyingozi kakhulu kubanini beemali zotyalo-mali kwaye abanaso isisombululo esingcono kunokuvala izikhundla ukuze babele imali kwezinye iimveliso zemali ezivelisa ukhuseleko olukhulu ngeli xesha.
Iimali zotyalo-mali zohlwaywa kakhulu
Kwicandelo elingalunganga kweli klasi leemveliso ezilungiselelwe utyalo-mali zezi ezivela Amashishini alinganayo aManyeneyo kunye nee-Euro Equities (ngaphandle kweSpain) iindidi ezibhalise ukwehla okukhulu kwezi nyanga zokugqibela zonyaka, kunye nembuyekezo yenyanga nenyanga engaphezulu kwe-5%. Ixesha langaphambili likwadidi olunolona hlengahlengiso lukhulu kunyaka (-8%). Ukuza kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba inani leakhawunti yabathathi-nxaxheba kutyalo-mali lwesizwe lehle kwinyanga ephelileyo (phantse i-140.000 xa kuthelekiswa nenyanga edlulileyo), kwaye inani layo lalisondele kakhulu kwizigidi ezilishumi zabathathi-nxaxheba.
Kwelinye icala, kwinyanga ephelileyo, iimarike zentengiso zaseYurophu ziye zafumana izilungiso (umzekelo, isalathiso esikhethiweyo sezabelo zaseSpain, Ibex 35, ivaliwe malunga nokuphela kukaJulayi nge -4,8% kwaye i-EuroStoxx 50 yenze njalo nge -3,8%), ngelixa ii-indices eziphambili zestokhwe e-United States ziqhubeka ngokunyuka okuphezulu kweenyanga ezidlulileyo. Nangona kwezi nyanga zimbini zidlulileyo kwenziwa izilungiso kwezi indices zesitokhwe. Ngaphaya kokunye ukuqwalaselwa kobuchwephesha kwaye kwanakwindawo yokujonga esisiseko.
Ngelixa ngokuchaseneyo, kunye nengeniso esisigxina njengomthombo wesalathiso, ukuvela kwayo kwiimarike zezemali kuye kwabadanisa kakhulu abatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi. Kungenxa yokuba, i-IRR Yebhondi yeminyaka eli-10 yaseJamani Iwile kwinyanga yaya kwi-0,34% ukusuka kwi-0,45% ekupheleni konyaka odlulileyo, ngelixa kwelinye icala isivuno se-Spanish seminyaka eli-10 sinyukile kancinane ukuya kwi-1,42% ukusuka kwi-1,38%. Apho, ipremiyamu yomngcipheko eSpain ivale amanqaku angama-114 nge-98 eyayibonisa ukuphela kukaJulayi.
Ukungabikho komdla wabachaphazelekayo
Zonke ezi datha zibe neziphumo eziqinisekileyo kuqwalaselo lwabatyali zimali abancinci nabaphakathi kule klasi yeemveliso zezemali. Uninzi lwabantu luthathe isigqibo sokubuyisela izabelo zabo malunga amanqanaba angakhange abonwe kule minyaka idlulileyo. Ukuze uqonde le meko ikhethekileyo apho iimali zotyalo-mali zizifumana zikuzo, kufuneka ubonise ukuba inani leeakhawunti zabathathi-nxaxheba kwiimali zotyalo-mali liza kuvalwa phantse kuzo zonke iiyunithi ezili-11.000.000.
Le datha ekusebenzeni ithetha ukuba bayinto ngaphezulu kwama-akhawunti angama-200.000 ngaphantsi kwelona xesha liphezulu ebelifikelelwe kuJuni ophelileyo. Njengesalathiso sembali, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba kweyona minyaka inzima yeengxaki zoqoqosho, phakathi kuka-2007 no-2009, ukulingana ngokupheleleyo kumaziko otyalo-mali ngokudibeneyo kwehla kwaya kuma-200.000 ezigidi zeerandi. Ngelixa phakathi kulo nyaka inani labatyali mali liphindwe kabini ukusuka kumazantsi, kodwa kwiinyanga ezimbini ezidlulileyo liwile. Ukuza kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba indawo entle yabahlalutyi bezemali banoluvo lokuba eli licandelo lotyalo-mali elibonisa ukudinwa.
Ungaziphepha njani ilahleko kwimali?
Akuqhelekanga kakhulu ukucinga ukuba abanye abatyalo-mali kule klasi yeemveliso zezemali zibomvu. Okanye ukuyiqonda ngcono, ukuba ibhalansi yakho yeyelahleko ethile kwimali-mali oyityalileyo kude kube ngoku. Ukujongana nale meko ingafunekiyo, kukho iindlela ezininzi ezinokuthi zisebenzise abatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi. Eyokuqala kukwenza ngqo ukubuyiselwa imali thintela enye ilahleko eyinkunzi. Ukujongana nomnye unyaka ekulindeleke ukuba uqhubeke nokuba nzima kakhulu kwiimarike zezemali.
Enye yeenkqubo zokuqhuba ezinokungeniswa elizweni ukusukela ngoku yile ifunyenwe ngu qhubeka ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Ngamanye amagama, ukuhlala kwizimali zotyalo-mali ixesha eliphakathi kwaye ngakumbi ixesha elide. Ayothusi into yokuba yimeko yendalo yotyalo mali, njengoko kucetyiswa ngabo bonke abahlalutyi bezemali. Ingxowa mali mutual ayinakufana nokuthenga nokuthengisa izitokhwe kwimarike yemasheya ezinokuhlala iinyanga ezimbalwa. Kule mveliso kuhlalutywe ukufumana ingeniso elindelekileyo, kuya kufuneka kuchithwe iminyaka emithathu okanye emine. Akumangalisi ukuba lelona xesha lakho lokufumana inzuzo de imbuyekezo yemali iphinde yafunyanwa.
Uphengululo kwiiphothifoliyo zotyalo mali
Isicwangciso sesithathu kutyalo-mali siquka uphonononge ipotifoliyo yengxowa mali lonke ixesha elithile. Umzekelo, unyaka nonyaka kwaye eli lixesha lokuba uzinikele ngokupheleleyo kulo msebenzi ukusukela ukuphela konyaka ngokuqinisekileyo kusondele kakhulu. Isekwe kwinto elula kangako, kodwa kwangaxeshanye kunzima ukuyenza, njengokufaka imali yotyalo-mali olungenanzuzo kwabo banamandla okukhula amakhulu kule minyaka izayo. Nokuba ujikelezisa imisebenzi ukusuka kumvuzo oguqukayo ukuya kwingeniso esisigxina okanye ngokuchaseneyo, ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yokwenyani yeemarike zezemali.
Kwelinye icala, kuya kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba ukugqithiselwa kwengxowa mali kuyindlela eluncedo kakhulu kwimidla yakho. Phakathi kwezinye izizathu kuba ayizukubiza yuro enye kwaye akusayi kubakho luhlobo lweekhomishini zokuphuhlisa le ntshukumo ikhethekileyo. Kwimeko yodwa oyenzayo kwibhanki enye okanye kwiziko lezemali. Ukongeza, luthando onokuthi ulwenze amaxesha amaninzi kangangoko ufuna, akukho mida, nkqu nemida kwinani lotshintsho oya kulwenza ukusukela ngoku.
Izibonelelo zerhafu yotshintsho
Akufanele ulibale ukuba ukuhanjiswa kwemali yotyalo-mali kukwabonelela ngezibonelelo zerhafu ezinokuthi zenze ngaphezulu kovuyo olunye ngexesha. Ngesizathu sokuba uyiqonde ngokulula kwaye ayizukuba yimfuneko yokuxela izibonelelo kwingxelo yakho elandelayo yengeniso. Ngelixa uqhubeka nokugcina imali yakho kwiimali ezifanayo njengoko uhlala unazo. Unokulinda iirhafu ukuba zehle ukuze ugcine imali kulo msebenzi. Ewe ayifani yenze nge-18% kunange-15%, ukwenza umzekelo omnye.
Njengenye indlela yokugqibela yokuphucula ingxelo yengeniso kwiiasethi zakho zobuqu okanye zosapho, kuya kuhlala kukho ukhetho lokushiya imali yotyalo-mali ukuya kwezinye iimveliso zebhanki ezikhuselekileyo. Umzekelo, iidipozithi zexesha elimiselweyo, amanqaku ezithembiso zenkampani okanye iiakhawunti ezihlawula kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, inqanaba lenzala eliza kukunika ezi modeli zokonga alizukubaninzi ngalo mzuzu kanye. Ngemida yorhwebo engadluli kwipesenti enye. Nangona ubuncinci uza kuba nesiqinisekiso sokuba awuzukuphulukana nemali kwaye uyakufumana umvuzo oqinisekileyo kunye nonyaka.
Ngale ndlela yotyalo-mali, ewe, awuyi kuba ngusozigidi, kodwa ubuncinci kuya kukunceda ulale ngcono kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu kunye nokuguquguquka kuzo zonke iimarike zezemali. Njengoko kusenzeka ngoku ngenani elifanelekileyo labatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi abakhethe olu khetho. Ukuzama ukonga unyaka ombi, kokubini kwii-equities nakwingeniso-mali emiselweyo, njengoko kunjalo unyaka-mali ka-2018, osele uza kuphela kwisithuba esifutshane kakhulu. Ngemida yorhwebo engadluli kwipesenti enye. Nangona ubuncinci uza kuba nesiqinisekiso sokuba awuzukuphulukana nemali kwaye uyakufumana umvuzo oqinisekileyo kunye nonyaka.