Ireyithi yeFed inqunywe ukusuka Amanqaku angama-50 Ibeyintshukumo entsha kwiimarike zokulingana kwihlabathi liphela. Apho abaxhamli abakhulu ziinkampani zaseMelika eziza kunyuselwa ngokusikwa okubonakalayo kwiindleko zoncedo, ngakumbi ezo zinikezelwe kuthumelo lwangaphandle. Kodwa olu tshintsho lwemali luzichaphazela njani iinkampani ezidwelisiweyo kwimarike yemasheya kwilizwe lethu? Ewe, ngendlela eyahlukileyo, njengoko kuya kubakho ubungqina kweli nqaku kwaye inokusetyenziselwa abatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi ukwenza iphothifoliyo yabo elandelayo yotyalo-mali.
Esi sigqibo yi-Federal Reserve yase-United States sinokubhencwa okukhulu kukhuseleko olwenza intengiso yesizwe eqhubekayo, ngandlela ithile okanye enye. Okwangoku, amaxhoba aphambili ngamaqela ezemali angayeki ukuwa. Ngokuhla okutsha kwixabiso laso kwaye kwehle ngexabiso elingaphezulu kwe-4% kwiintsuku emva kwesi sigqibo. Ngokukodwa, ISantander okanye iBBVA ngenxa yokuvezwa kwabo okuphezulu kwiLatin America kwaye baya kuchaphazeleka ngala manyathelo. Kodwa ngaphezulu kwayo yonke loo nto, kuba iBhanki eNkulu yaseYurophu (i-ECB) inokwenza okufanayo kwiintsuku ezizayo kwaye kwimeko apho iya kuthi yenze nzulu ilahleko.
Ngenxa yokuba, enye yeempembelelo zenqanaba leFed lokunqunyulwa kwamanqaku esiseko angama-50 kukuba eYurophu inokuba nentshukumo efanayo kwimarike yemali. Kwaye le yinto yeebhanki zesizwe ezingayithandiyo kwaphela. Ayizothusa into yokuba icandelo lezemali likhokelele kwi Ibex 35 ukuzimisa ngokusondeleyo kumanqaku ayi-8.000 okanye kumanqanaba asezantsi ngenxa yobunzima obukhethekileyo eli candelo loshishino linalo kwisalathiso sezabelo kweli lethu. Ukuza kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba isengowona mgaqo ubuthathaka kwilizwekazi liphela kwilizwekazi elidala, njengoko iqinisekisiwe kwiiveki ezidlulileyo. Ngobuthathaka obugqithisileyo obunokukuqhubela ukuba uye ezantsi kunamanqanaba akhoyo ngoku.
Amaxabiso asezantsi: amaxhoba
Ngayiphi na imeko, ukuba imali yamandla aphambili ehla emhlabeni, akukho mathandabuzo ukuba abona balahlekileyo baphambili ngabo badweliswe kubukho e-US kwaye ngenxa yoko i-invoice ngeedola. Eli qela libandakanya iinkampani ezibaluleke kakhulu kwi-Ibex 35, njengeAcerinox, ACS, Ferrovial, Gamesa, Grifols kunye neIberdrola. Abanye babo bebengakhange bayenze kakhulu emva kweziganeko eziye zaphuhliswa ngenkangeleko ye- intsholongwane ye-Corona. Kwaye inokuphazamisa ukubuyela kwayo kwakhona njengenye yezokhuseleko ekwazi ukumelana nokudodobala okwenziwe kwiimarike zezabelo.
Ngelixa kwelinye icala, asinakulibala ukuba zininzi izinto ezikhuselekileyo ezidweliswe ngaphandle kwe-Ibex 35 nazo eziza kuchaphazeleka yile mali. Ingakumbi ezo sele zinemizi-mveliso e-US kwaye ngakumbi ezo zinikezelwe ukuthumela ngaphandle. Baza kuchaphazeleka kakhulu yinto yokuba ukusukela ngoku iimveliso zabo ziya zibiza kakhulu ngenxa yokuxabiseka kwe-euro. Kwaye ke eyona nto inengqiqo kukuba ukuxabiseka kwayo kwiimarike ze-equity kuyasokola. Ngokuhla okubonakalayo kumaxabiso abo anokubathatha baye kumanqanaba angenakucingelwa kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo. Ngokuphakuzela phakathi kwabatyali mali.
Iinkampani eziphuma ziphumelele
Ngokuchasene noko, intshukumo yakutshanje yabasemagunyeni kwezemali iya kuxhamla kumacandelo emarike yemasheya anetyala elininzi. Umzekelo, eziluncedo kwaye, ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile, unxibelelwano ngomnxeba olunokuthi lusebenze njengendawo ezikhuselekileyo xa ujongene nemeko engafunekiyo kakhulu kubatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi. Nokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba baphinde bahlaziye kwiinyanga ezizayo kwaye nangayiphi na imeko babe nawe kwipotfoliyo yotyalo-mali ekufuneka siyivuselele kwezi nyanga. I-Endesa lelinye lawona matyala acacileyo okuqonda esi sigqibo sitsha kutshintshiselwano lwesitokhwe kwihlabathi liphela kwaye oko kungakhokelela ekubeni iphinde icaphule kwakhona malunga nee-euro ezingama-26 kwisabelo ngasinye.
Kodwa kukho amanye amacandelo eshishini anokuvela kakuhle kule meko intsha yemali. Imalunga ne- I-Socimis kuba banikezela ngesivuno esikhulu kwaye ke ngoko bandise umtsalane wabo xa kuthelekiswa neeasethi zengeniso esisigxina. Akumangalisi ukuba le yokugqibela ivelise inzala engaphantsi kwamanqanaba e-2%, ngokucacileyo engonelisiyo kwimidla yabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi. Ngelixa ikhuphoni lezi zahlulo lihamba kuluhlu oluphakathi kwe-3% kunye ne-7% malunga. Umsebenzi onokuthi usetyenziselwe ukwenza ibhegi yokonga ezinzileyo kwixesha eliphakathi nelide.
Iinkampani zokwakha zilindile
Eli candelo libalulekileyo lomvuzo oguqukayo welizwe lethu kwinxalenye yalo lihlala kwithoni engathathi cala ngakumbi kunaleyo yonke. Yintoni eyenza ukusebenza kube nzima kubatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi xa besenza isigqibo sokuthenga izabelo ukusukela ngoku. Kuba enyanisweni, isenokungabi lixesha lokuthenga kwicandelo lokwakha nokuba. Eli lelinye lawona macandelo emveli apho inkunzi yabatyali mali abancinci iye yagxila iminyaka kunye neminyaka, kodwa eye yaphelelwa ngamandla kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo. Phi I-ACS kwaye ngakumbi iFerrovial Ziinkampani ezidwelisiweyo eziye zaqhuba kakuhle ngeli xesha.
Ngelixa kwelinye icala, kufuneka kugxininiswe ukuba abanye abaxhamli kule meko intsha ziinkampani ezinxulumana ngakumbi nokutya. Kodwa ngaphandle kobukho eUnited States kwaye oko kunokubongwa ukusukela ngoku ukuya phambili, nangona kungenjalo ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu ngenxa yemeko-bume embi ezi nkampani zidweliswe kuyo kwaye ezinokuthi zibasindise ngaxa lithile enyakeni. Kodwa ubuncinci kufuneka baqwalasele xa kusetwa iphothifoliyo elandelayo yotyalo-mali. Kwelinye icala, kuzo zonke iimeko inyani yokuba
Uncedwe kukunyuka
Ngelixa kwelinye icala, omnye wabaphumeleleyo kwesi sicwangciso semali ziinkampani ezikwicandelo le-elektroniki kunye neenkampani ezinenqanaba eliphezulu lamatyala. Ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba inokwenza ngcono kwiimarike zezabelo. Ngoncedo abalufumanayo ngoku ababhaptiziweyo kwingozi ebangelwe kukusasazeka kwe-coronavirus. Kodwa ukwehla kwenqanaba lenzala kuhlala kwamkelwa leli klasi leenkampani ezidwelisiweyo. Ungazithatha njani izikhundla esitokisini, ezinje Iberdrola, Endesa okanye Naturgy.
Ngaphantsi kwesi sicwangciso sotyalo-mali, ezinye iindlela zokusebenzisa zisacazululwa. Akunanto, ukunyuka kwezinga iyakuphumla kwakhona imali mboleko ekugqibeleni kunye nemali mboleko, eya kubonakala kwintengiso yezindlu kunye neemarike. Ukusuka kule ndawo yokujonga, abathengi ngamanye amacandelo axhamla kwesi sigqibo ziibhanki eziphambili. Ngengqondo yokuba inzala ephantsi iyabanceda abo banamatyala, kuba ivumela ukuba bahlawule imali encinci kumatyala abo ukongeza ekwenzeni imali mboleko entsha ibe yexabiso eliphantsi. Ngenxa yexabiso eliphantsi kwixabiso lemali kwaye ngenxa yoko inokuvula ukusetyenziswa kwiinyanga ezizayo.
Kutheni amaxabiso asezantsi?
Okokugqibela, gqamisa into yokuba enye yeenjongo zamazinga asezantsi ukuzama ukunyusa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, kwaye nangayiphi na imeko iyenyuka xa ukusetyenziswa kusanda. Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ngalo mzuzu kwimida KwiBhanki ePhambili yeYurophu (ECB) yokuphumeza la manyathelo mancinci kakhulu kunakwelinye icala leAtlantic. Ngenxa yokuba ixabiso lemali sele likwindawo engathandekiyo, kwi-0%. Kwaye ke, amandla abo okuqhuba mncinci kakhulu kwaye kuya kubakho iingxaki ngakumbi ukusebenzisa esi sicwangciso kumgaqo-nkqubo wokuzingela wale ndawo yezoqoqosho. Ngokuchasene noko, icandelo lezemali lelinye lamaxhoba omgaqo-nkqubo we-ECB, kuba le yokugqibela ihlawulisa umyinge we -0,2% yedipozithi yexesha kwaye inomdla ongathandekiyo ekusebenzeni kweenkampani ezincinci neziphakathi.
Ngale ndlela, kufanele ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba inkokeli ephezulu ye-ECB. UCristina Lagarde, ucinga ukuqhubeka nomgaqo-nkqubo kamanduleli wakhe u-Mario Draghi ngemigaqo-nkqubo engaqhelekanga. Kodwa ngeengxaki ezinzulu zokuqhubeka nokuhlisa amaxabiso enzala kuba ayisenayo indlela yokusebenza enokusebenza ukulwa uqoqosho oluza kulandela emva kokuqhambuka kwecoronavirus ukusukela ngoFebruwari. Kwaye iimarike zezabelo ziya kuba zilindile, ngakumbi iimarike zentengiso zelizwekazi elidala.