Ukuhla okungalindelekanga kweemarike ze-equity kukhokelela abatyali-mali abancinci abaninzi ukuba bahluke kwiipotifoliyo zabo zezabelo. Ukukhuthaza, njengeqhinga lokubabonelela ngokhuseleko oluthe kratya, ubunzima obuthe kratya bee-securities ezihambisa izabelo phakathi kwabanini-zabelo. I-Ibex-35 ibe yenye yezalathisi apho oku kusasazwa kwezibonelelo kuxhaphake kakhulu. Banikela imbuyekezo yonyaka ephakathi kwe-2% kunye ne-8%, kuxhomekeke kwintlawulo yenkampani nganye.
Ngokuphathelele lo mba, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba iinkampani ezidweliswe eSpain ziya kuhambisa malunga ne-27.000 yezigidi zee-euro kwizabelo kulo nyaka, ngokoqikelelo olufikelelwe ngumphathi wengxowa-mali yaseSpain uGesconsult. Kwaye apho acebisayo, kwimeko ye-bearish yangoku yeemarike zemasheya, ukuba ukugcinwa kufakwe kwii-securities ezihlawula izabelo kwimali, kwaye ungaphindi uzibuyisele kwizabelo.
Ngokwale meko ichazwe ngolu hlobo lwezibambiso, isicwangciso sabalondolozi kufuneka sigxininise ekukhuthazeni ukuthengiswa kwee-akhawunti zabo zangoku. Kwaye enye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zihanjiswa ngesahlulo. Kodwa ngaba siyazi ngokwenene ukuba le ntlawulo iqulathe ntoni? Ewe, yinxalenye elinganayo yengeniso eyabiwa phakathi kwabaninizabelo benkampani. Yaye yintoni onokungenelwa kuyo ukuba ungomnye wabo.
Ayizizo zonke iinkampani ezidwelisiweyo zenza ingeniso kumsebenzi wabo wezoshishino, kude nayo, kwaye kuphela iqela elikhethiweyo lemilinganiselo kwisalathisi selizwe elibonisa la mandla kumashishini abo. Ngenxa yoko, banoxanduva lokusabalalisa phakathi kwabatyali-mali rhoqo ngonyaka, kwaye ngokusekelwe kwinzuzo eveliswa kwiiakhawunti zabo zoshishino.
Ngokuqhelekileyo zihambelana neenkampani ezinamandla kakhulu kuqoqosho lwelizwe ezidweliswe kwiimarike zamasheya. Ngokubanzi ukusuka kumacandelo eebhanki, ombane, i-oyile kunye nonxibelelwano. Kodwa umgaqo-nkqubo wabo wemivuzo awusoloko ufana. Ukubonelela, nangayiphi na imeko, isinikezelo esibanzi onokuthi uthathe ithuba lokwakha ipotfoliyo yakho yotyalo-mali kwiinyanga ezizayo ngokusekwe kwesi sicwangciso sikhethekileyo.
Zabiwa njani izabelo?
Akusoloko kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo, kodwa iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisicwangciso esikhethwe ziinkampani. Eyona ndlela iqhelekileyo kukuhlawula ngemali, ukuze abanini-zabelo bayifumane kwi-akhawunti yabo ngexesha elibekiweyo elivunyelweyo ukuhambisa iintlawulo. Ngale ndlela, abaxhamli baya kukwazi ukubala kwingeniso eyongezelelweyo kwingxelo yengeniso yabo. Ukubanceda ukuba bacwangcise uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwamakhaya abo ngokugqibeleleyo.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho enye indlela eya isiba ndlongondlongo ngakumbi kwimarike yemasheya yaseSpain. Imalunga flexible dividend, nangona ungayazi ngegama layo lesiNgesi (isabelo sombhalo). Yifomathi esandula ukuphunyezwa evumela abatyali-mali ukuba bakhethe phakathi kokufumana imali ngemali, okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, ngezabelo.
Ukuba ukhetha olu khetho lokugqibela, umphumo wangoku kukuba awuyi kuchaphazela imali onayo kwi-akhawunti yakho yokutshekisha. Kodwa ngokutshintshiselana, uya kuluphucula utyalo-mali lwakho nangakumbi, nge inani elikhulu lezabelo zenkampani. Ngokunokwenzeka kokwenyani kokunyusa i-asethi yakho ukuba amaxabiso ayanyuka kwiimarike.
Kufuneka uyikhethe ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zakho zangempela, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke kuxhomekeke kwindlela eboniswe ngayo ngexabiso elikhethiweyo ngelo xesha. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba inkampani edwelisiweyo ibonisa ukunyuka okuphawulekayo, mhlawumbi kunenzuzo ngakumbi ukuyityala ngokutsha ngezabelo ezininzi. Ayilolize, banokuxabisa ngexabiso kwaye uya kuba nexesha lokuzithengisa ukuze ugcine ngokusisigxina ukuzuza imali eyinkunzi.
Ngokuchasene noko, ukuba inkampani igxininiswe kwinkqubo ye-bearish engaguqukiyo kakhulu, ayiyi kuba nobulumko kakhulu ukukhetha izabelo ezitsha, kuba uya kulahlekelwa yimali ekusebenzeni. Kwaye eyona nto isengqiqweni iya kuba kukuba wenze imali ngokuhlawula ngemali. Phofu, Iya kuba sisigqibo sobuqu Oko kuya kuxhomekeka kuwe kuphela, kwaye hayi kwezinye izinto.
Zingaphi izabelo ezabiwayo ngonyaka?
Kusekho abanye abatyali-mali, ngakumbi abo bangaphantsi kwamava, abaphantsi kwenkolelo yobuxoki yokuba kwenziwa ngokusasazwa okukodwa ngonyaka. Akukho nto ingaphaya kwinyani. Kuba eneneni, inokuba yintlawulo enye kuphela kunyaka-mali ngamnye, kodwa ezinye iindlela zokusasaza zinikwe amandla. Baqala ukusuka iintlawulo zesiqingatha sonyaka, eyona ixhaphakileyo phakathi kwamalungu e IBEX 35, nokuba ngekota. Le ndlela yokugqibela yeyona ikhethwe luninzi lweebhanki zaseSpain, ezenza iintlawulo ezine ngonyaka.
Kuxhomekeka kolu tshintsho, kusenokuba imeko yokuba ukhethe amaxabiso ngokusekwe kwisiqhelo seentlawulo ezenziweyo, kwaye oko kuya kukunceda ukuba uhlangabezane ngcono neendleko zenyanga nganye, okanye unyaka wonke. Kwaye kunjalo, njengoko kusengqiqweni, njengoko unezabelo ezininzi kwiintlawulo zakho ngezabelo ziya kuba nesisa ngakumbi.
Hayi ilize, kuya kufuneka phinda-phinda isixa sesahlulo ngenani lezabelo ube kwipotifoliyo yakho yotyalo-mali. Isiphumo salo msebenzi olula siya kuphelela kwi-akhawunti yakho okanye kwincwadi yokonga, kwangaloo mini ihlawulwa ngayo.
Ingeniso ezinzileyo ngaphakathi kokuguquguquka
Ukukhetha izibambiso ezinezahlulo sisicwangciso esixhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwabona bagcina imali, kunye nexesha elide lokugcinwa, iminyaka emithathu okanye ngaphezulu. Badala inkqubo yembuyekezo minyaka le, apho uya kuba khona ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kunye nokuqinisekisiweyo kuyo yonke imisebenzi. Ngokuqinisekileyo ngaphezu kwe-3%, eya kuphucula kakhulu inzuzo eveliswa kwiimveliso zebhanki zengeniso esisigxina (iidiphozithi, amanqaku e-promissory, ityala likarhulumente, iibhondi, njl. njl.).
Olu yilo lwamva nje luhamba phantsi kwemida ethobekileyo, kwaye alwanelisi kwaphela kumdla wabagcini be-Spanish. Phakathi kwe-0,20% kunye ne-1%, ngenxa yesigqibo sakutshanje se-European Central Bank (ECB) yehlisa ixabiso lemali, nekhokelele ekwehleni ngokumandla kumazinga enzala aseYurophu, akwi-zero. Njengomlinganiselo wokukhuthaza ukuvuselelwa koqoqosho lwezone ye-euro.
Xa sijonga le meko yemali, ayimangalisi into yokuba abantu abaninzi, njengoko kunokuba njalo kwimeko yakho, bakhethe le modeli yokonga. yenza imali ngezinto zakho zobuqu. Nokuba iimarike ze-equity zinokuvela njani kwiinyanga ezizayo. Ngaphezu koko, ungalahlekelwa yimali kutyalo-mali lwakho, kodwa kwangaxeshanye uzinike imbuyekezo eqinisekisiweyo minyaka le, kwaye nokuba izabelo zicatshulwe njani na kwiimarike zemasheya.
Zihlawula malini iinkampani ezidwelisiweyo?
Imakethi eqhubekayo yaseSpain yenye yezona zinto zisebenzayo ekusasazeni lo mvuzo phakathi kwabaninizabelo. Ngomnikelo owanelisa ngokwenene umnqweno wabo wokuzibonelela ngemali ethe kratya yokuhlawula amatyala. Kwaye zibandakanya phantse onke amacandelo emarike, kunye nezindululo ezicebisa kakhulu kuzo zonke iiprofayili zabasebenzisi. Ukusuka kweyona nto ilondolozayo ukuya kweyona ndlongondlongo, kwaye unokwenza ngayo ingxowa yokonga enokhuseleko olukhulu kwiminyaka ezayo.
Enyanisweni, i-market market yaseSpain ibe ngumthombo weenkampani ezihlawula izabelo. Kwaye ngaphezu koko kuveliswe ezinye iimarike zamazwe ngamazwe, ekubeni zibonelela ngembuyekezo ephakathi esondela kumqobo we-5%. Nangona ukuba ufuna ukudlula le mida yenzuzo, awuyi kuba nangxaki ukuyiphumeza, nokuba uphantse ukuphinda kabini lo msebenzi. Abanye babo bade bafikelele kwi-double-digit distribution.
Ukuba ufuna ukufezekisa inzuzo ephezulu, awuyi kuba nako ukukhetha ngaphandle kokuthenga izabelo zeenkampani ezifana neRepsol, Telefónica, Endesa, Mapfre, Sacyr, Abertis, Enagás, Acerinox kunye neGesi Natural. Zezona ziphezulu kuluhlu lweenkampani ezidwelisiweyo ezibonelela ngoku ngesona sivuno silungileyo sesahlulo, ngeepesenti phakathi kwe-5% kunye ne-9%. Abanye basasaza ngentlawulo enye, ngelixa abanye benza umsebenzi usebenze kwiintlawulo ezininzi zonyaka.
La ngamaxesha kanye angqamene nehlobo nobusika apho ezi ntlawulo zisemthethweni, ezinye zazo ngezavenge. Kwaye kuzo zonke iimeko, zibhengezwa ziinkampani ezichaphazelekayo ngesaziso sangethuba, ngoko unokucwangcisa ipotifoliyo yakho yotyalo-mali ngokufanelekileyo.
Njengenye indlela, ukushiya imarike yelizwe ungazifumana ezi mali, nangona ngaphantsi kwemida ephantsi kakhulu. Kwaye apho icandelo lombane likhona - njengoko kunjalo kwimeko yesizwe - owona mthombo mkhulu wezi ntlawulo zesiqhelo.
Ukuphathwa kwerhafu yezahlulo
Enye inkalo efanelekileyo yokwenza isigqibo malunga nentlawulo yezahlulo isekelwe kunyango lwabo lwerhafu, kwaye oko kuyacetyiswa ukuba uyazi, ukujonga ukuba kukulungele ukuba usebenzise esi sicwangciso solawulo. Okokuqala, uya kuqokelela le ntlawulo nge-net. Ingaba ithetha ntoni? Ewe, ilula kakhulu, uya kuyifumana kwi-akhawunti yakho yokutshekisha nje ukuba isixa-mali sokubamba kwi-akhawunti yeRhafu yeNgeniso yoMntu (IRPF) sitsaliwe.
Ngale ndlela, Ayiyi kuba yimali echazwe yinkampani, kodwa iya kuba ngaphantsi noko ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwezaphulelo zerhafu. Ayilolize, kuqhelekile ukuba abatyali-mali abancinci abanamava bacinge ukuba bekukho ukubhideka, okanye impazamo nje ekukhutshelweni kweemali ezivela kulo mvuzo uwufumana njengomnini sabelo. Kodwa uya kuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into ichanekile, kwaye into abayenzayo kukutsala iirhafu zakho.
Ukwahlula ewe, kodwa into ephambili kukuphumeza ukusebenza kumaxabiso.