Enye yezinto ezichaphazela kakhulu amaxabiso ezokhuseleko kukulingana kwezivumelwano. Ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba yenye yedatha ekufuneka uyijongile ngaphambi kokuvula izikhundla kwiimarike zezemali. Ayisiyiyo kuphela ngokunxulumene namashishini, kodwa nakwalawo ingeniso okanye nakwezinye iindlela onokukhetha kuzo. Ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi esiza kuzityhila kweli nqaku ukuze uqonde ngokucacileyo. Ayothusi into yokuba unokwazi ukuba ixabiso liyenyuka okanye liwe ngokusekwe kubunzulu bayo.
Ukuqala, ivolumu yokurhweba ibhekisa kwinani lokhuseleko oluthengiswayo ngexesha elithile. Kwelinye icala, ihlala ibalwa njengesixa semali yokhuseleko lwazo zonke iziqinisekiso ezithengiswa kwintengiso. Akusayi kubakho ngxaki ukudibana naye kuba uza kungena konke iindaba ezikhethekileyo Yonke imihla yokurhweba. Ziyachaphazela nokuba zivela kwiinkampani ezinkulu, eziphakathi okanye ezincinci ezidwelisiweyo, njengoko ubona ukusukela ngoku.
NgokukaSelf Bank, “umthamo weekhontrakthi ubonakalisa umdla wabatyali mali kwisenzo esithile. Ukuthathela ingqalelo umyinge wevolumu, kukho ukhuseleko apho kuthengiswa khona izigidi zeetayitile ngemini, ngelixa sinokufumana ezinye ezinamakhulu ambalwa athengiswayo ”. Le yinto enomdla kakhulu ekufuneka uyihlalutye ngaphambi kokukhetha ukhuseleko okanye enye yeasethi yezemali. Kungenxa yokuba inako ndikunike omnye umqondiso kwinto onokuyifumana xa uqala utyalo-mali. Kwaye ke, kufanelekile ukuba ungashenxisi kule nto ichaphazelekayo sithetha ngayo.
Umthamo wekhontrakthi: uthethathethwano
Ukusuka kule meko ngokubanzi, imarike yemasheya yaseSpain ithengise ngee-equities ezingama-54.023 yezigidi zeerandi kwinyanga ephelileyo. Okanye yintoni enye, i-54,5% ngaphezulu kwenyanga edlulileyo. Ngokuchasene noko inani lothethathethwano ngenyanga ibizizigidi ezi-4,3, ama-45,2% ngaphezulu kunakwelixa langaphambili.
Kwelinye icala, imakethi yeDerivatives yezezimali inyuse ukurhweba kwi-Futures kwi-IBEX 35 nakwi-Futures kunye nokukhetha kwi-Mini IBEX ngama-27,7%, 44,6% kunye ne-19,2% ngokwahlukeneyo, xa kuthelekiswa nento eyayithengisiwe kwinyanga ephelileyo. Kwisixa esiqokelelweyo sonyaka kukho ukwanda kwevolumu erhweba ngayo Ixesha elizayo kwi-IBEX 35 3,6%. Indawo evulekileyo inyuka kwi-Stock Futures nakwi-Stock Options xa kuthelekiswa nenyanga ephelileyo ngama-27,3% kunye ne-9,3% ngokwahlukeneyo.
Kwingeniso emiselweyo
Ngokumalunga nengeniso esisigxina, umthamo othengisiweyo kwinyanga ehlalutyiweyo ukhule ungadluli kwi-106,6%, xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo, ngenxa ukwenza ikhontrakthi kwimpahla yamatyala oluntu. Ukonyuka okuhambelana neenyanga ezilishumi zokuqala zonyaka kuma kuma-46,5%. Ngelixa ngokuchaseneyo, inani lemicimbi emitsha ebandakanyiweyo kuthethathethwano kwi-MARF yafikelela kwizigidi ezingama-762 zeerandi, ezimele ukonyuka kwama-65,5% xa kuthelekiswa kwinyanga enye yonyaka ophelileyo.
El umthamo oqokelelweyo Ekupheleni kweenyanga ezilishumi zokuqala zonyaka yayiyi-5.168 yezigidi zeerandi, ukonyuka kwe-50,1%. Umthamo obalaseleyo osasazwayo kule marike ufikelela kwi-3.306 yezigidi ze-euro, oko kukuthi, ngokukhula okuqikelelweyo kwe-40,7%. Ezi datha zenza ukuba kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuba ukubaluleka okubalulekileyo kufuneka kunikwe kwezi parameter zibalulekileyo zentengiso. Ngaphezulu kwabanye oqhele ukusebenza nabo ekufezekisweni kotyalo-mali, ngaphaya kwezinye izinto zobuchwephesha kwaye mhlawumbi nakwimbono esisiseko.
Iiholide kwimarike yemasheya yaseSpain
Ukulungiselela ukuthathela ingqalelo into emele umthamo wentengiso, iiholide zikawonke-wonke kwizabelo zaseSpain ziya kubaluleka ngokukodwa. Ngale ndlela, i-BME, edibanisa, phakathi kwezinye iinkampani, ii-stock exchange zaseSpain ezine, i Ukukhetha kunye nentengiso yexesha elizayo (MEFF) kunye nentengiso ye-AIAF eLungisiweyo yeNgeniso, isete ikhalenda yeeseshoni zonyaka ka-2019, ziyavuma ukuthathela ingqalelo iintsuku ezingasebenziyo ngenjongo yokusebenza:
- Ngolwesibini, Januwari 1
- NgoLwesihlanu, ngo-Epreli 19
- NgoMvulo, 22 Epreli
- NgoLwesithathu, ngoMeyi 1
- NgoLwesithathu umhla wama-25 kuDisemba
- NgoLwesine, nge-26 kaDisemba
Ngokuqhelekileyo ziyahambelana nekhalenda ecetywayo ziimarike zezemali zamanye amazwe kuba kukho ukungqinelana okubalulekileyo kuzo zonke. Khumbula ukuba kukho ezinye imithendeleko apho umvuzo ongafaniyo ungavali, kokubini kuzwelonke nangaphandle kwemida yethu. Kwaye eli nqaku linokukhokelela ekubeni wenze impazamo engaqhelekanga ekusebenzeni kwakho kwimarike yemasheya. Njengoko kuya kwenzeka kuwe ngaphezulu kwesihlandlo esinye kwimithambo edlulileyo. Ngesi sizathu ngqo kuyakufuneka ukuba uthathele ingqalelo ikhalenda yee-equities zesizwe.
Imiqulu ephezulu kakhulu
Kwelinye icala, umthamo weekhontrakthi ubaluleke kakhulu xa uphezulu kakhulu, kungenxa yokuba kukho umdla okhethekileyo kwicala labatyali mali lokuvula izikhundla kwixabiso lemarike ekuthethwa ngalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ihambelana nezikhundla ezixhasayo, oko kukuthi, ukuba kukho ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye nomthamo ophezulu wokurhweba, oko kuthetha ukuba kunokuqhubeka nokuqhubeka nditsho. Kwicala elichaseneyo, kubonisa ukuba iizantsi zinokungqinelana okuninzi. Ngale ndlela, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlalutya le datha ichaphazelekayo ukubonisa ukuba ukuqhubeka kwexabiso kunokuba yintoni kwiintsuku ezizayo okanye nakwiiveki.
Kwelinye icala, ukwanda okumangalisayo kumthamo weekhontrakthi kutyhila ukuba kukho into ebaluleke kakhulu eyenzekayo kukhuseleko oluchaphazelekayo. Into engafane ixhaphake kwaye elumkisa ukuba kufuneka uyazi i imeko ezizodwa. Oku kwenzeka rhoqo ngokuthe gabalala kunye nesitokhwe esincinci kunye nesincinci esivela kwiseshoni enye ukuya kwesinye ngokurhweba okungaqhelekanga kwiimarike zezemali. Ingabonisa ukuba ukunyuka okanye ukuhla kwexabiso layo kunokuba nzima kakhulu kuloo mizuzu. Ngaphaya kokunye ukuqwalaselwa kobuchwephesha kwaye mhlawumbi nakwindawo yokujonga izinto ezisisiseko.
Phawula umdla wabatyali mali
Umthamo wesivumelwano, kwelinye icala, wenziwe kwifayile ye- ithemometha ethembekileyo kakhulu kumdla abatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi banalo nangaliphi na ixesha. Zombini ngengqondo enye kunye nenye, okanye into efanayo, bonisa ukuthelekisa okanye ukuthengisa iinjongo ezifanayo. Ngale ndlela, yiparameter ethembekileyo engadingi ulwazi olunzulu kakhulu lweemarike zezemali. Mamela nje iintshukumo ezenzeka kwiimarike ze-equity okanye ezinye ii-asethi zemali apho ubekwe khona maxa onke.
Kuyinyani ukuba ivolumu yokurhweba ayisoloko ifana, kodwa yahlukile kwiseshoni enye ukuya kwenye. Ezi zenzo ziqhelekile kwaye zinengqiqo ukuba zenzeke, kodwa eyona nto ikhethekileyo yile umthamo utshintsha ngesiquphe. Xa oku kusenzeka lento ikuxelela yona kukuba into ebalulekileyo iyenzeka ngexabiso. Isenokuba ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo okanye izizathu kwaye ezo zindidi ezahlukeneyo. Ukusuka kumdla omkhulu kwicala labatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi ukuya kungena kwengxowa mali enkulu yotyalo mali kwixabiso elihlalutyiweyo. Le yeyona ngxaki inkulu ekufuneka uhlalutye typology yezi ntshukumo.
Khapha iintshukumo
Isicwangciso sotyalo-mali onokuwusebenzisa ukusukela ngoku kukulandela imeko yentengiso. Oko kukuthi, xa ubona ukuxabiseka kwixabiso lesitokhwe esinomthamo omkhulu wokurhweba, kufanele ukuba ibe yiyo uphawu olulindelekileyo ukuvula izikhundla, nokuba uthenge ngomsindo iiasethi zemali. Kwaye kwicala elichaseneyo, ngokufanayo ngokupheleleyo, oko kukuthi, ukuvala izikhundla ngaphambi kokuba ukuwa kuqinise kwiintsuku okanye kwiiveki ezizayo. Sisenzo esithembekileyo eso kuba ezi ntshukumo kwiimarike zezemali kunqabile ukuba ziphosakale.
Kwelinye icala, akufuneki ubabhidanise ukubuyisa umdlalo kwaye umdla kwicala labatyali-mali ukhula ngokuqhubekayo. Kodwa njengempendulo kuthotho lwezinciphiso ezenzekileyo kwaye zibeke ixabiso kwimeko enqwenelekayo ngenxa yamaxabiso okhuphiswano abonisa ngalo mzuzu kanye. Njengoko sele ubonile, ezi zimbini ziintshukumo ezahlukileyo ezifuna unyango lotyalo-mali ezichasene ngokupheleleyo nazo zonke iimbono. Isitshixo ekusebenzeni ngempumelelo kukungabaphazamisi.
Isishwankathelo, umthamo wokugaya ubaluleke kakhulu kwaye unexabiso kunokuba ungacinga kwasekuqaleni. Ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba inokukunika ukungena kunye nezikhokelo zokuphuma kwi-asethi ethile yemali, nokuba ibiyintoni na. Ukuze ngale ndlela, ukwimeko ezingcono zokwenza ukuba imisebenzi yakho ibe yinzuzo kwiimarike zezemali. Ukongeza ekubeni sisixhobo esinamandla sokukhusela izikhundla zakho kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwesicwangciso. Ngayiphi na imeko, eyona nto iphambili ekusebenzeni ngempumelelo kukungabaphazamisi.