Ngaphakathi kwirhafu engathanga ngqo, enye yezona zidume kakhulu yile ibizwayo kubhaliso, phakathi kwezinye izizathu kuba ichaphazela bonke abaqhubi bezithuthi kwilizwe lethu. Yimali esisiseko esetyenziselwa ukubhaliswa okokuqala kwezithuthi, ezitsha okanye ezisetyenzisiweyo, okoko nje zinjalo ifakwe motor ngokuqhutywa kwayo ekusebenzeni kwayo. Iqwalaselwa njengerhafu engathanga ngqo kuba ayijoliswanga kwaphela abasebenzisi. Ukuba akunjalo ngokuchaseneyo, abo banemoto kwezi mpawu.
Ngayiphi na imeko, ifumene ukubaluleka okukhethekileyo kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo kwinto yokuba urhulumente okhoyo uthathe isigqibo sokunyusa isixa sakhe, ekuya kufuneka kuhlawulwe imali ethe kratya kulo nyaka uzayo. Irhafu irhafu ngokuthe ngqo ngokungathanga ngqo kumntu onemoto, kuba imoto iqondwa njengaso nasiphi na isithuthi esihamba ngokuqhutywa, nokuba yeyiphi na imodeli kunye nezinto ezithile zazo. Ngale ndlela, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba irhafu yobhaliso ayisebenzi ishumi leminyaka.
Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zale rhafu ikhethekileyo kukuba inokunxulunyaniswa namanye amaxabiso ngexesha elifanelekileyo lobhaliso. Umzekelo, kwimeko ethile VAT Ke ngoko, ifumana amandla amakhulu okuqokelela kunezinye iirhafu, nangona ngaphandle kokuchaphazela bonke abathengi, njengoko kusengqiqweni ukubona kwangaphambili. Okwangoku, eSpain zizithuthi ezingama-30.366.603 zizonke ezingama-22.787.719 yayiziimoto ezihamba abantu, ii-2.747.177 SUV, ii-2.383.049 ezivela kukhenketho, iivani ezili-1.741.604 kwaye ezinye yayizilori zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, iibhasi kunye nabaqeqeshi. Zinovelwano, nangayiphi na imeko, ekuhlawulweni kwale ntlawulo ingathanga ngqo.
Irhafu yobhaliso
Enye yezinto zokuqala zokwazi malunga nale rhafu ingathandekiyo kukuba ayisoloko ifana. Kuba ngokwenyani, inani lerhafu yobhaliso liya kuxhomekeka ekubeni isithuthi sitsha okanye ngokuchaseneyo Isekeni. Kwakhona zezinye izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezinje ngeempawu zayo kunye noluntu oluzimeleyo apho lubhalise khona. Kuba isixa sayo asizukufana kwilizwe laseBasque nakwiziQithi zeBalearic, ukukhankanya umzekelo omnye. Akumangalisi ke ukuba, le mibutho yaseburhulumenteni yiyo ejongene nokwenza le misebenzi ukusukela ngo-2008. Ngesi sizathu, kukho umahluko obonakalayo ukusuka kuluntu oluzimeleyo ukuya kolunye kwaye oko kungakhokelela ekubeni uye komnye ukubhalisela olu ncedo lwezithuthi zabucala.
Kwelinye icala, ayinakulityalwa ukuba ubhaliso lwesithuthi eSpain kuphela kufuneka yenziwe kube kanye kwisithuthi ngasinye. Nangona inokwahluka kubunini bayo, njengoko isenzeka kuninzi lwezihlandlo. Le yinto ekufuneka uyicacisile ngeli xesha ukulinganisa eyona ntsingiselo yale rhafu yenzelwe abaqhubi. Ngokumalunga necandelo leemoto zabakhweli, ziphantse zibe zizigidi ezili-15 zeemoto ezingaphezulu kweminyaka eli-10 ubudala, ezimele phakathi kwe-60% kunye ne-70% yesitokhwe semoto eSpain. Ngelixa ngokuchaseneyo kukho iimoto ezingaphantsi kwezigidi ezisibhozo ezibhalisiweyo kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo.
Irhafu eluhlaza
Nangona kunjalo, kukho enye irhafu enxulumene ngokusondeleyo naleyo yobhaliso kwaye eyona njongo yayo iphambili kukulondolozwa kwendalo iphela. Akumangalisi ukuba yimali yokubhalisa eyona njongo ibalulekileyo isekwe kuyo hlaziya ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2 ezimotweni eSpain. Ukuza kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba ihlawule zonke iimodeli okanye izithuthi ezingcolisa ngakumbi kwaye abanini bazo abangazukukhetha ngaphandle kokuhlawula imali eninzi kolu hlobo lweerhafu zikarhulumente. Ngaphandle kwezinye izinto zobuchwephesha kwaye ezinento yokwenza neklasi yokuqhuba.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu kwinto ebizwa ngokuba lixabiso eliluhlaza kukuba sele iqalile ukusebenza ukusukela ngo-2008 kwaye ngokusisiseko ichaphazela inani eliqingqiweyo leemodeli kunye neempawu. Ngale ndlela, ayinakulityalwa nokuba le rhafu icinga ngotshintsho kwiindlela zokuhlawulwa komthamo wesilinda ekukhutshweni kweegesi ezingcolisayo. Ukuze ubabone ngokucacileyo ngakumbi, iya kuba nomda we-120 gram ye-CO2 ngekhilomitha. Ngayiphi na imeko, kungumbandela wokuzohlwaya iindlela zokuqhuba ezingcolisa ngakumbi kwaye, ngokuchaseneyo, ukuba ezona modeli zilunge kakhulu kokusingqongileyo zinomvuzo othile ngexesha lokumisela ngokusemthethweni uxanduva lwerhafu.
Ulawulwa njani?
Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kuya kufuneka ukuba yenziwe njani le nto ibe semthethweni uxanduva lwerhafu eSpain ukuba abanini bezithuthi bezi mpawu kufuneka bathathe. Ewe kuya kufuneka uyihlawule kube kanye kwaye hayi amatyeli aliqela kwaye rhoqo njengoko kusenzeka kwiirhafu ngqo. Irhafu yobhaliso kufuneka yenziwe kuphela ngalo mzuzu ngqo wokubhalisa kunye nokubhalisa isithuthi eSpain. Ke ngoko, yenzeka kube kanye kwaye akuyi kunyanzeleka ukuba uyihlaziye intlawulo yakho.
Ngomnye umthambo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuba eli nqanaba likwabandakanya ukuthengwa kwezithuthi phesheya. Ukuba le yimeko yakho, awuyi kuba nesisombululo ngaphandle kokumisa ngokusemthethweni imoto eSpain, uhlawula irhafu yobhaliso ngaphandle kokuba zizithuthi ezingcolisa umoya, ezihlawulelwayo. Kwelinye icala, le yenye yemiba ekufuneka uyithathele ingqalelo xa uhlawula eli zinga likhethekileyo: iimoto ezingcolisayo ezisezantsi. Akukho ngelize, baya kuvuzwa ngokuhlawulwa kwale rhafu.
Uhlawula malini kwinqanaba?
Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zerhafu yobhaliso yile nto kuya kufuneka uyihlawule kwimoto yakho. Ewe, kule ngqiqo, uya kuba nemivimbo emine eya kuxhomekeka kwinto engcolileyo nalapho uninzi lweemoto zihlala zikhona. Iyahlonipha okusingqongileyo. Into apho bonke oorhulumente be-European Union babhejela kwisicwangciso esichazwe kakuhle kwisikhokelo saso ngokubanzi. Apho abo bangcolisa ngaphantsi kwe-120 yeegram ze-CO2 nge-km, baya kukhululwa kwirhafu yobhaliso. Hayi kwilizwe lethu kuphela, kodwa nakumaqabane ethu e-EU, ngaphandle kokukhetha.
Amacandelo ongcoliseko
Ngayiphi na imeko, ukuze ube nokucaca kancinci ukuba imoto yakho ifakiwe phi, iya kuba kukwazi ukuba yeyiphi itafile ezilawulwa zezi zikhokelo. Kwaye zeziphi esizibhengeza ngezantsi ngeenkcukacha ezinkulu.
- 0%: izithuthi ezikhutshwe ngaphantsi okanye ezilingana ne-120g / km ye-CO2
- I-4,75%: izithuthi ezikhupha ngaphezulu kwe-120 nangaphantsi kwe-160 g / km ye-CO2
- 9,75%: izithuthi ezikhutshwayo ezingaphezulu okanye ezilingana ne-160 nangaphantsi kwama-200 g / km CO2
- 14,75%: izithuthi ezikhutshwayo ezingaphezulu okanye ezilingana ne-200 gram ngekhilomitha ye-CO2.
Nangona kunjalo, kwisiseko esirhafelwayo sesithuthi sakho umlinganiso wolungiso uyakusetyenziswa oya kuthi unxulunyaniswe kwakudala kwaye ke ipesenti esetyenziswa ngokokukhutshwa kwezi ndlela zabucala zothutho. Ngenxa yale misebenzi, uya kuba nesixa-mali sokugqibela serhafu yobhaliso. Apho ukwenza umsebenzi wakho ube lula, ezinye iiwebhusayithi zineenkqubo ezinamandla ezenza ezi zibalo ezinokuthi zibe nzima kubasebenzisi abanamava kolu hlobo lomsebenzi.
Ngubani ongahlawulwanga kwintlawulo yakho?
Kwelinye icala, baninzi abantu abanokuphelisa le ntlawulo yerhafu. Umzekelo, abantu abanesidanga esithile sokukhubazeka okanye abayinxalenye yosapho olukhulu. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba aba banabantwana abane okanye nangaphezulu kwicandelo losapho. Kodwa amanye amacandelo ezentlalo nawo anokuxhamla kule meko, njengale idweliswe apha ngezantsi:
- Abaqhubi abaneemoto kwaye banikezela ukuba bayipasile incinci iminyaka emine ukusuka kubhaliso yesinye isithuthi esikwimeko efanayo.
- Okokuba utyando alwenziwa kugqithiso emva kwexesha leminyaka emine elandela umhla umhla wokubhaliswa.
Kumatyala achazwe ngasentla, abaxhamli bayakukhululwa ekuhlawuleni le mali. Njengakwishishini elinxulumene nokuqhuba, ezinje ngeeteksi, iimoto eziqhuba ngokwakho, okanye iimoto eziqeshisayo.
Iindleko ezipheleleyo zokurhuma kwakho
Malunga nokuhlawulwa kwesi simfanelo serhafu, siyakufakwa kuluhlu olusuka kwi-21% kunye ne-35%, kuxhomekeke kwimeko nganye kunye noluntu oluzimeleyo apho ubhalisa khona isithuthi. Ngokucaca okucacileyo okusoloko kuhlangatyezwana nazo kuzo zonke iimeko: apho iphezulu ipetroli isetyenziswa ipetroli, inyusa umrhumo wobhaliso oya kuthi uhlawule.
Isicwangciso esiliqili sokukhuthaza ukonga siya kusekelwa ekukhetheni iinjini ze idizili, iimbewu zombane kunye nombane. Uya kubona ukuba le nkqubo inokuxabiseka kakhulu ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga irhafu. Ngendlela ecace gca ehlala ihlangatyezwa kuzo zonke iimeko.