Elinye lawona magama asetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezoqoqosho okwangoku yi-IPC. Kodwa ngaba siyayazi ngokwenene intsingiselo yayo yokwenyani? Ewe iyahambelana nesalathiso samaxabiso wabathengi, kwaye lixabiso lamanani elibonisa iiyantlukwano ezifunyanwa ngamaxabiso kwixesha elinikiweyo. Ngempembelelo ethile kwiimarike ze-equity nakwinguqu yamaxabiso esitokhwe. Ukusuka kule meko ngokubanzi, kunokuba yiparameter ethembekileyo yokungena okanye yokuphuma kwiimarike zezemali zineziqinisekiso ezithile zempumelelo.
I-CPI ikwalucandelo lolwazi olubaluleke kakhulu ukuphononongwa kwemivuzo kunye nepenshini kwilizwe lethu. Ukuthatha isigqibo ngokukhula kwayo, ngakumbi ukuba amanqanaba esalathiso sexabiso labathengi aphezulu kakhulu. Nokuba ukumisela umgaqo-mali yelizwe okanye indawo yejografi, kwaye ngale ndlela owona mzekelo ubalaseleyo yindima i-European Central Bank (i-ECB) eyiphuhlisileyo ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwindawo ye-euro. Kwaye ngaphambili ukuphuma kwingxaki yezoqoqosho enkulu eyenzeka phakathi kuka-2007 no-2008.
Kwelinye icala, isalathiso sexabiso samaxabiso sabathengi sikwamisela kakhulu ukuba njengomthombo wesalathiso oko kwaziwa njenge "ibhaskithi yokuthenga". Kungenxa yokuba, nge-CPI siyayazi ukuba le nxalenye ibalulekileyo yezoqoqosho ekuthiwa lelasekhaya iguquka njani. Kwaye kuyo nayiphi na imeko, iya kuba nefuthe kumalungiselelo osapho okanye kuhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lomntu, njengoko bonke abasebenzisi besazi. Ke ngoko, isalathiso samaxabiso abathengi sinemiphumela emininzi kunokuba unokucinga kwasekuqaleni.
Ukuvela kwamaxabiso abathengi
Ireyithi yonyaka ye-Index yamaxabiso abaThengi (CPI) ngenyanga kaJanuwari yi-1,0%, isibini kwishumi elisezantsi kunaleso besibhalisile kwinyanga ephelileyo, ngokutsho kwezakutshanje ezibonelelwe liZiko lezeNkcukacha-manani leSizwe (INE). iimpembelelo ezimbi Ezizizo ezibonisa ukwehla kwenqanaba lonyaka zezi zilandelayo:
Ukutya kunye neziselo ezinxilisayo, enciphisa umahluko wayo wonyaka wesine kwishumi kwaye ayibeke kwi-0,9%, ngenxa yozinzo lwamaxabiso entlanzi kunye neentlanzi, xa kuthelekiswa nokunyuka okubhaliswe ngo-2018. Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele, nangona kwelinye icala, ukwanda amaxabiso embotyi kunye nemifuno, eye yehla kunyaka ophelileyo, ngokolu luvo lwaseburhulumenteni.
Zothutho, ngereyithi eyi -0,2%, ishumi lesine elingaphantsi kwenyanga ephelileyo, ngenxa yokuba amaxabiso ezinto zokubasa kunye neezithambisi enyuke kancinci kule nyanga kunangoJanuwari 2018.
Ukuzonwabisa kunye nenkcubeko, othe umahluko wonyaka wehla kwishumi elinesibhozo, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-0,9%, ngenxa yokwehla kwamaxabiso epakethi yabakhenkethi, enkulu kakhulu kule nyanga kunangoJanuwari wonyaka ophelileyo.
Impembelelo ezimbi kwisalathiso
Ngale ndlela, kukho amanye amacandelo avelise idatha engonelisiyo ngeli xesha kwaye enefuthe kwindleko zokuphila ezikhuleyo. Umzekelo, into kukuba sibhengeza ngezantsi:
Nxiba nezihlangu, ngereyithi ye -15,4%, ebonisa isiphumo sentengiso yasebusika. Iziphumo zalo kwi-CPI ngokubanzi -1,037.
Ukuzonwabisa kunye nenkcubeko, ohluka -2,3% unefuthe -0,190, kwaye ikhuthazekile, ubukhulu becala, ngokwehla kwamaxabiso eephakeji zabakhenkethi.
indawo yokuhlala, ethe yazisa umyinge we -0,6% kunye nefuthe -0,076, njengesiphumo sokwehla kwamaxabiso erhasi kwaye, ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elincinci, idizili yokufudumeza nombane.
Umzi, ebeka umahluko wayo -0,5%. Ukwehla kwamaxabiso ezinto ezilukiweyo zasekhaya kubonakala kule nguqulelo. Impembelelo yeli qela kwisalathiso ngokubanzi yi -0,028.
Iihotele, iikofu kunye neeresityu, Ireyithi ye -0,2%, enesiphumo se -0,022, kubangelwa kukuhla kwamaxabiso eenkonzo zokuhlala. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe, nangona kwicala elahlukileyo, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kwiivenkile zokutyela.
Iirhafu zoluntu oluzimeleyo
Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo kwisalathiso sexabiso sabathengi kukuba ayifani. Ukuba akunjalo, ngokuchaseneyo, iyahluka ukusuka kuluntu oluzimeleyo ukuya kolunye kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ngamandla okutsala umdla omkhulu, kokubini koqoqosho nakubasebenzisi ngokwabo. Ngale ndlela, kwaye ngokwedatha yaseburhulumenteni yakutshanje ebonelelwe liZiko lezeNkcukacha-manani leSizwe (i-INE), kuyaboniswa ukuba ireyithi yonyaka ye-CPI iyehla kwiindawo ezili-14 ezizimeleyo ngoJanuwari xa kuthelekiswa noDisemba kwaye igcinwe kwezi zintathu zisaleleyo.
Ukwehla okukhulu kwenzeka eCastilla-La Mancha, ngethontsi kwishumi elinesihlanu. Ngokwabo, abahlali abagcina iqondo labo lonyaka yi-Illes Balears, iComunidad Foral de Navarra kunye nePaí Vasco. Njengophawu lokuba bhetyebhetye kuqoqosho nokuba i-CPI iyonke igqiba enye yeeparameter ezifanelekileyo kwimeko yezempilo kuqoqosho lwesizwe. Umzekelo, kule meko iSpanish. Ngaphandle kwezinye izinto zobuchwephesha ekufuneka zihlalutyiwe kwelinye inqaku kwisalathiso sexabiso labathengi.
Isalathiso sexabiso esidibeneyo (HICP)
Enye into eyahlukileyo yesalathiso sexabiso sabathengi kwaye ibhekisa kwisalathi manani sokubaluleka okukhethekileyo kunye nenjongo yayo kukubonelela ngomlinganiso ofanayo wokunyuka kwamaxabiso ovumela uthelekiso lwamazwe aphesheya ukuba lwenziwe. Ukuze ngale ndlela kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuvavanya ukuthotyelwa kulo mba ufunwa ngu Isivumelwano seMaastricht yokungena kwiManyano yezeMali. Ukusuka kule ndawo yokujonga, mhlawumbi ipharamitha yezoqoqosho enefuthe elikhulu kwiindleko zokuphila elizweni.
Kwelinye icala, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ngeyoMqungu odlulileyo inqanaba lokwahluka kwe-HICP limi kwi-1,0%, isibini kwishumi ngaphantsi kokubhaliswa kwinyanga edlulileyo. Ke ngoko, umahluko wenyanga we-HICP ngeli xesha lokuhlalutya yi -1,7%. Ngelixa ngokuchaseneyo, ngenyanga kaJanuwari inqanaba lokwahluka konyaka le-CPI ukuya Irhafu rhoqo (I-CPI-IC) ime kwi-0,9%, isinye kwishumi ngaphantsi kwaloko kubhaliswe yi-CPI ngokubanzi. Izinga lokwahluka kwenyanga le-CPI-IC libe -1,4% kweli xesha lihlalutyiweyo. Ngokwenxalenye yayo, i-HICP kwiiRhafu eziQhelekileyo (i-IPCA-IC) inika ireyithi yonyaka ye-1,0%, efanayo naleyo ye-HICP.
Amaxabiso indices ahlukeneyo
Njengoko sele ubonile kweli nqaku, enye yeempawu ze-CPI kukuba inikezelwe phantsi kweefomathi ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngeRhafu eQhelekileyo (IPCA-IC). Kwaye oko kuyakunceda ukuba nombono wokwenene ngakumbi malunga nemo yezoqoqosho kusapho. Ayothusi into yokuba kuphela ukwanda kwinqwelo yokuthengaKodwa imeko yokwenyani yemali mboleko yokubolekwa kwemali okanye nditsho nenkcitho eyenzeka kwiimveliso zamayeza. Kwaye loo nto inokusetyenziselwa oorhulumente ukuba bathathe amanyathelo ezoqoqosho okanye abasebenzi okanye amanyathelo okunceda awona macandelo ahlelelekileyo eluntwini.
Ke ngoko, isalathiso sexabiso somthengi sibaluleke ngakumbi kunabasebenzisi abaninzi abakholelwa ekuqaleni. Ngokungafaniyo neyakho ifuthe kutyalo-mali iphuhliswe kwiimarike zokulingana. Apho izehlo zayo ziyancipha kwizizathu ezahlukeneyo eziza kuba ngumxholo wamanye amanqaku. Ngayiphi na imeko, ayincedi ngokugqithileyo kumaxabiso entengiso yesitokhwe ukuba anyuke okanye awe ngokusekwe kwezi paramitha zoqoqosho. Njengoko kubonisiwe kwiindices eziphambili zeemarike zezabelo.
Iziphumo zeshishini kwimarike yemasheya
Iziphumo ezizizo zeshishini zeenkampani ezidweliswe kwiimarike zezabelo zinempembelelo enkulu kwimarike yemasheya. Ngale ndlela, ulwazi olubaluleke kakhulu kukuba iinkampani ezenza i-Ibex 35 zavala kunyaka ophelileyo nge ukwanda kwinzuzo. Ezi datha zibandakanya iziphumo zeenkampani ezingama-35 ezenza ukhetho. Iinkampani ezidwelisiweyo zikwazile ukoyisa iikota ezintsonkothileyo kunye nemeko enzima yezoqoqosho abadlula kuzo. Kodwa izinga lokukhula kwenzuzo yalo licothisiwe ngokunxulumene neenyanga ezilishumi elinambini ze2017.
Iinkampani ezikwicandelo lombane ziphinde zakhokelela kwinzuzo, ngokunyuka ngeepesenti ezi-5, kunye nokukhula kwengeniso kwe-9%, xa kuthelekiswa ne-4% kwiindleko. Ezi ziidatha ezilandelwa ngakumbi ngabatyali zimali abancinci nabaphakathi abanefuthe elikhulu kwimpilo yezoqoqosho yeenkampani ngokwazo kunokunyuka kweendleko zobomi. Kwaye oko kunokusetyenziswa nakwezinye iimarike zezabelo zamashishini, njengoko kubonisiwe kule minyaka idlulileyo. Kwaye oko kugqiba ukuba umzuzwana kukho ukuthenga okanye ukuthengisa uxinzelelo.
Iinkampani ezidwelisiweyo zikwazile ukoyisa iikota ezintsonkothileyo kunye nemeko enzima yezoqoqosho abadlula kuzo. Kodwa izinga lokukhula kwenzuzo yalo licothisiwe ngokunxulumene neenyanga ezilishumi elinambini ze2017.