Enye yokungaqiniseki xa uza kutyikitya imali mboleko yeyokuba ukhethe ixesha elimiselweyo okanye ngokuchaseneyo nokwahlukileyo. Sisigqibo onokuthi uxhomekeke kuso hlawula ngaphezulu okanye kancinci imali ixesha elide kakhulu ngenxa yobomi bale mveliso yemali. Esi sigqibo kufuneka senziwe ngokusekwe kuthotho lwezinto eziguquguqukayo, nangona enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ziya kuba yile inento yokwenza nokuvela kwamazinga enzala kwiimarike zezemali. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ukuba le datha iya kukunika isikhokelo ngaphezulu kwesinye ukuba ukhethe enye okanye enye imodeli yezemali.
Ngayiphi na imeko, ixabiso lemali liya kubaluleka kuwe ukuze unxibelelane ubambiso lwakho kolunye okanye olunye uhlobo lomdla. Ngeli xesha, isigqibo se-European Central Bank (ECB) ukuya yehlisa ixabiso lemali Yenze ikhontrakthi yemali mboleko yexesha eliguqukayo inenzuzo ngakumbi kunangaphambili. Kuba ngokuxhomekeke kwesi sicwangciso semali, ulondolozo oluza kuba nalo ngezavenge zenyanga luya kuba lukhulu. Ngale ndlela, awungekhe ulibale ukuba amaxabiso enzala kwindawo ye-euro akumanqanaba asezantsi. Into ekunceda ukhethe olu khetho lobambiso.
Ixabiso lemali kumazwe e-eurozone uku-0%. Ukuziqhelanisa kuthetha ukuba imali ayixabisanga nto kwaye ke ihlala isanelisa ngakumbi kwimidla yakho ukubhalisa umda wobambiso ongafaniyo kunalowo umiselweyo. Nangona kunjalo, le yimeko engayi kuhlala ngalo lonke ixesha kwaye nangawuphi na umzuzu inokujika ikubambe kwinqanaba elitshintshileyo. Ngayo, inokuvelisa uthotho lomngcipheko kwixesha eliphakathi nelide ekufuneka ulithathele ingqalelo xa usenza ngokusemthethweni le mveliso yemali. Kungenxa yokuba imali eninzi isemngciphekweni kolu hlobo lwexabiso lokusebenza.
Iimali-mboleko: ezona zivumelwano?
Ngokwedatha yamva nje ebonelelwe liZiko leLizwe leNkcukacha-manani (i-INE), kuyacaca ukuba izinto eziguquguqukayo sisininzi phakathi kwabasebenzisi baseSpain. Emva kokufumanisa kwingxelo yayo ukuba kwimali mboleko eyenziwe emakhaya, i-avareji yenqanaba lenzala yi-2,73% (13,5% isezantsi kunoDisemba 2016) kunye nexesha eliphakathi leminyaka engama-23. Ngelixa i-62,5% yemali mboleko yasekhaya ikwinqanaba eliguqukayo kwaye 37,5% kwizinga elimiselweyo. Esinye isiqwenga sedatha esivela kolu phononongo kukuba iqondo elibambekayo lokubolekwa kwemali lifumene ukunyuka kwenqanaba lonyaka nge-4,9%
Ingxelo yenyanga ye-INE ikwagxininisa ukuba i-avareji yenqanaba lenzala ekuqaleni yi-2,54% yemali-mboleko kumakhaya ahlukeneyo (ngokuhla kwe-18,6%) kunye ne-3,13% yenqanaba elimiselweyo (i-3,5% isezantsi). Ngokubhekisele kwinani lilonke lobambiso kunye notshintsho kwiimeko zabo ezibhaliswe kwirejista yepropathi, yi-5.519, 24,4% ngaphantsi konyaka odlulileyo. Ngokumalunga nezindlu, inani lobambiso olubambekayo guqula iimeko zabo yehla nge-17,6%.
Luhlobo luni ohlawula ngalo ngaphantsi?
Omnye wemibuzo ephakamayo kukuba loluphi uhlobo lwenzala abaya kuthi ekugqibeleni bahlawule imali encinci kulwakhiwo lwemali mboleko yakho yobambiso. Ewe, yonke into iya kuxhomekeka kwimeko apho amaqondo wenzala akhoyo ngalo mzuzu ngamnye. Ngale nto, ukwimeko yokonga i-euro ezimbalwa ngezavenge zenyanga. Kule yangoku, eyona nto iluncedo kakhulu kukuxhomekeka kwinqanaba lokuguquguquka. Phakathi kwezinye izizathu, kuba unokufumana kwisibonelelo sokubambisa isasazeka nangaphantsi kwe-1%.
Oku kunxulumene kakhulu nokuvela kwe Umgangatho waseYurophu, I-Euribor, apho ngaphezulu kwe-90% yemali-mboleko yezinga eliguqukayo kwilizwe lethu inxulunyaniswa, ngokweedatha ebonelelwe liZiko leLizwe lezibalo. Oku kungenxa yokuba lo mthombo wesalathiso ukwimbali esezantsi. Ngokukodwa, emva kweminyaka emininzi ibekwe kwindawo engeyiyo, ngakumbi kwi -0,161. Kwaye oku kunceda ukuphuma kwakho kule mveliso ukuba kube sezantsi kunangaphambili kwaye nakweyiphi na imeko kunenzuzo ngaphezu kokuba ukhetha ireyithi emiselweyo kwinto yakho yobambiso.
Ixabiso eliqingqiweyo lokuxabisa
Kwimeko nayiphi na into, utshintsho lufunyenwe ngabasebenzisi kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo. Ukulungiselela iqondo lobambiso olumiselweyo ngaphezulu kwezinto eziguquguqukayo. Lo mahluko kubungakanani babathengi ikakhulu ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemeko Imigaqo-nkqubo yezemali. Kwi-European Union, amaxabiso enzala kulindeleke ukuba aqale ukunyuka ngasekupheleni kwalo nyaka, nangona ethe chu. Into esele iqalile ukukhula e-United States, apho inzala kwimali inyukele kwinqanaba le-1,50% kunye ne-1,75%. Ukujongana nale meko intsha, iqondo lokubambisa elibekiweyo kwakhona linwabela ukhetho lwabenzi-zicelo.
Ukufaka esi sicwangciso kunokuba yinzuzo enkulu kwimidla yakho kwixesha eliphakathi nelide. Isizathu kukuba kuya kufuneka wenze ifayile ye- umgudu omkhulu wezoqoqosho, kodwa kule minyaka idlulileyo iya kulungelelanisa ngenxa yomahluko osezantsi ngokubhekisele kwimali-mboleko yexesha eliguqukayo. Ngale ndlela, iqondo lenzala eliyi-avareji yokusebenza liyi-2,54% yemali-mboleko kumakhaya ahluka-hlukeneyo kunye ne-3,10% kwiirhafu ezibekiweyo.
Ngamaxesha onke ngentlawulo enye yenyanga
Kodwa uya kuba nesibonelelo esihlala sihleli uya kuhlawula umrhumo ofanayo wenyanga. Nokuba kwenzeka ntoni kwiimarike zezemali. Ukuze ngale ndlela, usesimweni esingcono kakhulu sokucwangcisa uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwakho okanye losapho. Kuba ngekhe ubenalo naluphi na uhlobo lwezimanga ngexesha lesivumelwano. Ngokungafaniyo nezinto ezixhomekeke kukuhla-hamba kweemarike zezemali. Ngale ndlela, ukuba injongo yakho kukuba noxolo olukhulu kwengqondo ukusukela ngoku ukuya phambili, kungcono ukwenza ngokusesikweni enye yemali mboleko eguqukayo. Nangona ekuqaleni uhlawula imali eninzi, emva kokuzilolonga okuninzi isixa sale mveliso yemali siyakucuthwa.
Ukusuka kule meko, kuya kuba lula kuwe ukuba wazi ukuba kwinqanaba elimiselweyo iikhomishini zifuna ngakumbi. Kuba, ngenene, basebenzisa inzala ehamba phakathi kwe-1% kunye ne-1,5% kwaye kwelinye icala bahlala bebandakanya iimeko ezithile zekhomishini yomngcipheko kwinqanaba lenzala. Kuyingozi ukuba kuya kufuneka uyithathe ukuze ukhethe le ndlela ingafaniyo neyezimali. Ukutshintshela ukungabinantlukwano kwiindleko zobambiso. Zizibane kunye nezithunzi zazo zombini iimodeli zenkxaso mali yokuthenga ikhaya.
Isimo kumazinga enzala
Ngayiphi na imeko, ukuba injongo yakho kukubhalisela imali mboleko yokubolekwa kwemali ngeli xesha, mhlawumbi esona sigqibo silungileyo linqanaba eliguqukayo kuba lolona khetho lunenzuzo. Kuba ukusasazeka kwabo kufikeleleka ngakumbi kwiminqweno yakho. Kodwa ukuba ujonga ngakumbi kwixesha eliphakathi nelide kuba ngekhe ube neendaba kubo bonke ubomi bokubambisa. Ayizukukunika okufanayo, kwenzeka ntoni kwiimarike zezemali, nokuba imeko yokunyuka kwenqanaba lenzala izalisekisiwe. Oko kukuthi, ekuqaleni uyakuhlawula imali eninzi, kodwa ke iiakhawunti zakho ziya kulungelelaniswa okanye ziphuculwe.
Ngeli xesha, iirhafu ezibambisiweyo ezinamanani anenzala phezulu ngenqaku elinye okanye amabini epesenti ngokubhekisele kwizinga eliguqukayo. Ke ngoko, sisigqibo sobuqu esinokutshintsha nangaliphi na ixesha kwaye kuxhomekeke kwimigaqo-nkqubo yezemali yibhanki yolawulo yaseYurophu. Kwelinye icala, ikwakhona enye indlela ebolekisiweyo yobambiso, yona ingumxube othile wazo zombini iimodeli. Ngezibonelelo kunye nokungalunganga kwezi fomati zenkxaso mali.
Imiqathango yokuhlala
Ukusukela ngoku ukuya phambili, kuya kufuneka uthathe ikhalityhuleyitha kwaye ujonge ukuba yeyiphi eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokuhlawula i-euro engaphantsi kwintlawulo yakho yenyanga ngexesha lokusisigxina kwezi mveliso zemali. Ngale ndlela, elona xesha liphezulu lokuhlawula amatyala linciphisiwe Iminyaka emi-35 okanye emi-30. Emva kweminyaka phantse engama-50 phambi kwengxaki yezoqoqosho. Ayothusi into yokuba yenye yezinto ekufuneka uyithathele ingqalelo ukuze wazi ukuba kufanelekile na kuwe ukuba uthathe umlinganiselo wobambiso olumiselweyo okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, umahluko.
Kwelinye icala, enye into yohlalutyo ziikhomishini, ekuthi ngoku imeko incitshiswe. Kuyanda ngakumbi nangakumbi ukuba bakhululwe kwezi nkcitho ngenxa yemeko yenzala ephantsi kakhulu. Ngayiphi na imeko, bamele ukuya kwi-2% yemali efunwayo kulo msebenzi. Kwaye banokuthi ekugqibeleni benze iindleko zokugqibela zibize kakhulu ngokwenza ngokusesikweni ukusukela ngoku. Kwelinye icala, ikwakhona enye indlela ebolekisiweyo yobambiso, yona ingumxube othile wazo zombini iimodeli. Ngezibonelelo kunye nokungalunganga kwezi fomati zenkxaso mali.