Ukuxelwa kwangaphambili yinkqubo yesigqeba esilawulayo apho ukuthengiswa kwearhente yokuthengisa izindlu nomhlaba ebiyanyaniswe nokubambiswa kwemali mboleko iyalelwa ngenxa yokusilela komntu otyalwayo kwizibophelelo eziqinisekisiweyo kwimali mboleko yokubolekwa kwemali. Ngaba unako ukuvelisa iziphumo ezingafunekiyo kwabo bachaphazelekayo kwaye ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba baphulukane nendlu eyinto yalo msebenzi. Ukuba yinkqubo esele isasazeke ngexesha lobunzima kwezoqoqosho eSpain.
Ukusuka kule meko iphakathi, kuyakufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba kwiinyanga ezizayo kuya kubakho ukwanda okutsha kweendleko zemboleko ukuthengwa kwekhaya, ngokweBhanki yaseSpain yophando. Apho kuboniswa khona ukuba inzala esetyenzisiweyo ikumanqanaba kaSeptemba 2015 emva kokuba ibiza kakhulu kwiinyanga ezisibhozo zilandelelana. Ngokwenyani oku kuthetha ukuba abasebenzisi kuya kufuneka benze iinzame ezinkulu zezemali xa bethenga ipropathi kwaye umngcipheko wokungahlawuli uya kuba mkhulu.
Kwimizuzu xa iqondo lobambiso lwexabiso eliguqukayo bonyusile inzala yabo ngesishumi sepesenti ezimbalwa xa kuthelekiswa namazinga eminyaka edlulileyo. Emva kokuchitha ixesha elide kwizifundo zembali kwaye ngoncedo lokuba iintlawulo zenyanga ziya kufikeleleka ngakumbi kwimidla yakho. Ngelixa ngokuchaseneyo, kukho isaphulelo semali ebolekiweyo engaguqukiyo, ezo zigcina inzala efanayo kubo bonke ubomi bemali mboleko. Nokuba kwenzeka ntoni kwiimarike zezemali ukuze ngale ndlela, sazi ngalo lonke ixesha into ekuya kufuneka siyibhatale ngokusebenza kwezi mpawu.
Uqikelelo: Izisombululo
Esinye sezitshixo sokungafikeleli kule meko ingathandekiyo sisekwe ekuthobeleni izibophelelo emva kokumiselwa ngokusemthethweni kwemboleko mali mboleko. Kwiimeko ezininzi iphuhla ngale ndlela, kodwa kwezinye ayinakuba njalo bajongane nezi ntlawulo Kwaye ekugqibeleni uza kwimeko yokuxelwa kwangaphambili. Ukuzama ukungafikeleli kula manqanaba siza kunika uthotho lweengcebiso zokulawula ubambiso ngokuchanekileyo kwaye akufuneki siyiyeke le mveliso yemali ngazo naziphi na iimeko ezinokuvela.
Ingcebiso yokuqala yeyokuba ngaphambi kokucela le mveliso ukufunyanwa kwendlu, imeko yengqesho yabamangali iyahlaziywa. Oko kukuthi, ukuba eyakho Isivumelwano sengqesho asipheli okanye ngokuchaseneyo, yeyokwexeshana okanye nokuba idityanisiwe kwiqela labasebenzi abaziqeshileyo. Kumatyala okugqibela, kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi ukukwazi ukuthobela iimeko zobambiso. Kungenxa yokuba akukho ngeniso iqinisekisiweyo kwaye nangaliphi na ixesha le meko ingafunekiyo inokwenzeka: ukungakwazi ukuhlawula izavenge zenyanga.
Hlahlela umvuzo wakho
Enye into ekufuneka ivavanywe ukusukela ngoku yile inento yokwenza nokusebenza komsebenzi. Kukho umthetho wegolide othi awuyi kuhlawula kwimali mboleko ngaphezulu kwama-50% kubo. Akukho ngelize kuya kuba yimfuneko ukubala ukuhlawulwa kokutya, iindleko zomntu, ulondolozo lwemoto, iindleko zekhaya, i-inshurensi, njl. Ukusuka kule ndawo yokujonga, akukho sidingo sokukhawulezisa ibango malunga nemali mboleko yobambiso. Kuba kwixesha eliphakathi nelide linokuvelisa iziphumo ezingalindelekanga kwaye ezinokukhokelela kwiimeko zokungahlawuli kule mveliso yebhanki.
Ngelixa kwelinye icala, iminyaka ye ubukhulu kwinkampani Enye yedatha eya kubaluleka kakhulu ukujonga ukuba siza kuba nakho na ukujongana nokubuya kwekhredithi enikiweyo. Ayifani nomsebenzisi osandula ukungena kwinkampani yakho kunaleyo ibisenza umsebenzi wayo ngaphezulu kweminyaka elishumi. Ngale ndlela, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nomda wokuzithemba kwinkampani apho siphuhlisa khona umsebenzi wethu wobungcali. Ngayiphi na imeko, ihlala iyenye yeemeko apho kunokwenzeka khona nokungafuneki kobambiso lobambiso.
I-inshurensi yokungenela yokungagqibeki
Isisombululo kule ngxaki ibalulekileyo kukubhalisela umgaqo-nkqubo wezi mpawu kwaye uqinisekisa ukuba siya kuba nakho ukuyihlawula kwimeko yengozi okanye, ngaphezulu kwako konke, ngokuhlala imeko yokungasebenzi. Ngayiphi na imeko, ayizukusebenza simahla kodwa, ngokuchaseneyo, kuya kufuneka sihlawule umrhumo inyanga nenyanga kwaye ide iphele. Kwisixa-mali esiya kubalwa kwityala elinetyala kwaye elihlala lingadluli kumanqanaba angama-200 euros ngenyanga. Yimveliso yokuzikhethela kubafakizicelo beli hlobo lokuxhaswa ngemali.
Olu hlobo lweinshurensi luyasebenza xa siphelelwe ngumsebenzi ukuze ngale ndlela siqhubeke nokuhlawula intlawulo yenyanga mboleko yemali mboleko. Kule meko, kulunge kakhulu ukuyirhumela ukuba akukho mali iyonke ukhuseleko malunga nobomi bethu bokusebenza. Ngayiphi na imeko, kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ngumthengi ngokwakhe, engazange inyanzeliswe ngaphandle kwemiqathango yibhanki kuba inokwenza isitenxo kwizenzo zabo.
Ixesha elide lokuhlawula
Esinye isitshixo sokuphepha ukwenzeka kwiimeko ezingagqibekanga isekwe ekukhetheni ixesha elincinci lokuhlawula. Kuyinyani ukuba ngezavenge zenyanga imali engaphezulu iya kuhlawulwa, kodwa ixesha elifutshane. Ngale ndlela, ekugqibeleni kuya kuhlawulwa imali encinci ngenzala kwaye ngenxa yoko ubambiso luya kubiza. Ngelixa kwelinye, sisicwangciso esilula kakhulu sokunganyusi inqanaba lamatyala kwicala labenzi-zicelo beli klasi leemveliso. Kunika umdla kakhulu ukuba ujonge le nto ngaphambi kokuba usayine ikhontrakthi.
Kwelinye icala, inyani yokukhetha le migaqo yokuhlawula ngokukhawuleza ivelisa ukuba ukungaqiniseki ukuze imali-mboleko ingahlawulwa kuya kuba mbalwa. Kuya kuba lula ukucwangcisa iindleko eziza kusihlawula imali mboleko yendlu. Ngenxa yoko, kuya kuba nzima ukungahlawuli isixa kunye nenzala ehambelana nayo. Ukusuka kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwendlela ngabasebenzisi. Kuhlala kunenzuzo ngakumbi ukuqesha a Ixesha lokuhlawula iminyaka eli-15 ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 okanye engama-35 ubudala. Apho iingxaki zinokuba nkulu ukusukela ngoku ukuya phambili kwaye oko kuyakwenza ukuthandabuza ngakumbi malunga nendlela yokujongana neentlawulo kude kube kufanelekile.
Uqikelelo
Inani lokubhaliswa kwezatifikethi zokuxelwa kwangaphambili kuqalile kubhaliso lwepropathi kwikota yokugqibela ye-2019 yi-14.669, eyi-6,4% ngaphantsi kwekota edlulileyo kunye ne-2,1% ngaphezulu kwekota enye yonyaka ka-2018, ngokweenkcukacha zamva nje ezikhutshwe liZiko lezeNkcukacha-manani leSizwe (i-INE) ngesiseko seNgxelo yeNkcukacha-manani yokuBhengezwa kweZindlu (EH). Apho kubonisiwe ukuba phakathi kwamakhaya abantu abachithwe, i-1.490 iqhelekile kwipropathi (i-27,4% ngaphantsi kwekota enye ka-2018) kwaye i-528 ayisiyondawo yokuhlala yabanini (14,8, XNUMX% ngaphantsi).
Uqikelelo lwasekhaya lwenza i-50,1% yazo zonke izinto ezixeliweyo kwikota yokugqibela ka-2019. I-10,2% yazo zonke izinto ezixeliweyo ngamakhaya abantu. I-36,3% iyahambelana nokuhlala kwabantu abasemthethweni (29,6% ephezulu kunakwikota yokuqala ka-2018) kunye ne-3,6% kwamanye amakhaya abantu (i-14,8% isezantsi kunekota yokuqala yowama-2019). Kwelinye icala, ukuvalelwa kwezinye iindawo ezisezidolophini (izakhiwo, iigaraji, iiofisi, amagumbi okugcina, iindawo zokugcina, izakhiwo zokuhlala, ezinye izakhiwo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwedolophu) zenza i-37,5% yetotali iyonke.
Yenziwe kumakhaya amatsha
Ingxelo eqhutywa liZiko leSizwe leeNkcukacha-manani (i-INE) iqinisekisa ukuba i-22,9% yokuxelwa kwangaphambili kwixesha elihlalutyiweyo kumakhaya amatsha kunye ne-77,1% kulawo asetyenzisiweyo. Inani lokuxelwa kwangaphambili kumakhaya amatsha anyuka ngama-49,2% kwizinga lonyaka kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-0,1%. Ngelixa kwelinye icala, i-23,1% yezinto ezichaziweyo eziqaliswe kwiindawo zokuhlala kwikota yokugqibela zihambelana nemali-mboleko eyenziwe ngo-2007, i-15,8% kwimali-mboleko eyenziwe ngo-2008 kunye ne-13,1% kwimali-mboleko ka-2006. Ixesha eliphakathi kuka-2005 no-2008 li-59,9% Uqikelelo oluqale le kota.
Ingxelo yaseburhulumenteni ikwabonisa ukuba okwangoku uluntu olunelona nani liphezulu leziqinisekiso zokuthinjwa kweefama kwikota yokuqala ICatalonia (3.169), uLuntu lwaseValencian (2.914) kunye neAndalusia (2.172). Ngokwabo, uComunidad Foral de Navarra (44), uPaí Vasco (55) kunye noLa Rioja (62) babhalise elona nani lisezantsi. Kwimeko yokuhlala, iCatalonia (1.633), uLuntu lwaseValencian (1.524) kunye neAndalusia (1.182) babonisa elona nani liphezulu lokubulawa. Kwelinye icala, iLa Rioja (11), iComunidad Foral de Navarra (21) kunye nePaís Vasco (34) zezona ziphantsi kweli candelo lokuhluthwa kwezindlu.
Apho kubonisiwe ukuba phakathi kwamakhaya abantu abachithwe, i-1.490 iqhelekile kwipropathi (i-27,4% ngaphantsi kwekota enye ka-2018) kwaye i-528 ayisiyondawo yokuhlala yabanini (14,8, 59,9% ngaphantsi). Apho i-XNUMX% yokuxelwa kwangaphambili kuqalile kule kota kugxilwe.