Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, ukwehla kwamandla emali, i-hyperinflation kunye ne-stagflation: zithetha ukuthini

Imali ye-Euro

Ukuphendula ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezinxulumene nokuvela kwexabiso

Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwindaleko yezoqoqosho. Kwaye isigqibo, hayi kuphela ukuba oorhulumente baphuhlise imigaqo-nkqubo yabo yezoqoqosho, kodwa nabo ukulinganisa inkcitho yomthengi. Ayothusi into yokuba, ngokuxhomekeke kolu tshintsho, baya kuba nakho ukonyuka kwimivuzo, bahlawule imali eninzi xa besenza ibhaskithi yokuthenga, okanye ngokulula ngexesha lokujonga kwakhona ikhontrakthi yerente yekhaya labo.

Ukujongana nale meko, ayimangalisi into yokuba bobabini abalawuli kunye nabemi bahlala beyazi kakuhle indaleko yayo. Ixesha lezoqoqosho elilinganisa olu tshintsho kwimisebenzi yezoqoqosho kuthiwa kukuhla kwamandla emali. Kwaye yintoni kanye le ukwanda ngokubanzi kumaxabiso eempahla kunye neenkonzo elizweni. Kungoko ke elowo kubo enesalathiso ekulinganisweni kokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Kwaye kwimeko ethile yaseSpain imelwe yiNkcazo yamaXabiso abaThengi, eyaziwa ngcono ngamagama ayo, CPI.

Ukuyekisa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, into ezo amazwe anesisindo esiphezulu kwihlabathi oyikayo, iibhanki eziphambili zihlala zonyusa inzala kwityala loluntu. Kwaye ngenxa yoko, Umdla kwimithombo ephambili yezemali inyukile (iikhredithi, imali mboleko, njl.), kwaye esona siphumo sikhawulezileyo kukuba ukusetyenziswa kurhoxisiwe. Nangona into elungileyo, nayo inayo, kukuba iimodeli zebhanki zokonga (ixesha ledipozithi, amanqaku ezithembiso zebhanki ...) zibonisa ukhuphiswano olomeleleyo lwabafakizicelo. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimidla yabo, bayazingela bakuba beqeshiwe.

Imigaqo enxulumene nokuvela kwamaxabiso

Ukuhla kwexabiso kwiimarike

Ngokuqinisekileyo akukho mntu uyiphosileyo intsingiselo yayo, nkqu nakwimeko yakho. Ayothusi into yokuba ligama elivela ngokuqhubekayo kwimithombo yeendaba zonxibelelwano, ngakumbi kulwazi lwezezimali. Kodwa izinto ziba nzima ngakumbi, xa uhlala usiva eminye imigaqo evela kunyuka okanye ukwehla kwamaxabiso. Kwaye akunakufane uqhelane nentsingiselo yayo, kwaye kutheni ezi ntshukumo zemali zisenzeka.

Sithetha ngamagama okwangoku ngokufuthi phantse kubo bonke abantu, njengokuphambuka, i-hyperinflation kunye ne-stagflation. Ngaba siyazi ngokwenene ukuba zithetha ntoni? Eyokuqala yazo yeyangoku, kuba yinkqubo yezoqoqosho ethi, ubukhulu becala okanye obuncinci, ichaphazele uqoqosho lwaseSpain. Kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo uya kubaqaphela njengomthengi onjalo. Akunanto, ukusilela kubonakala ngalo lonke ixesha amaxabiso esihla, Kwaye oko kudluliselwe kuguquko olubi kwi-indices nganye elinganisa ukuvela kwamaxabiso.

Nangona ekuqaleni, kubonakala ngathi imeko iyathandeka kubemi, ayithandeki kangako. Ngapha koko, amaqela ezoqoqosho oorhulumente oyika ukuvela kwale nkqubo ekwenziweni kwamaxabiso. Isizathu asiyonto ngaphandle kwempembelelo yayo kwimida yorhwebo lweenkampani. Kwaye ngenxa yale meko, ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kuyanda, kunye nokwehla okubonakalayo ekusebenziseni.

Ukucacisa ngokucacileyo le meko, iyingozi kakhulu ngokwembono yezoqoqosho, umntu kufuneka ajonge uqoqosho lwaseSpain kule minyaka mithathu idlulileyo. Ukubonakalisa ngokungqongqo ukuba yintoni inkqubo yokuchasana noko kuyenziwa. Nge-CPI kwindawo engalunganga, nangona ngaphandle kokuqina okugqithileyo.

Ukuhla kwexabiso: ukwehla kwamandla emali kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso

Ingxoxo kwi-stagflation

Yinkqubo eqhuma kakhulu kwaye iyanda kunezo zangaphambili, kwaye iyonakalisa kakhulu kuwo onke amacandelo ezentlalo nezoqoqosho. Akunanto, iveliswa xa amaxabiso enyuka kwaye kukho ukudodobala kwezoqoqosho. Ngale ndlela, kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba kwimeko yokugqibela eyenzekayo, iMveliso yaseKhaya ePheleleyo (i-GDP) kufuneka irekhode ubuncinci iikota ezimbini zilandelelana ngokuwa komsebenzi wayo wezoqoqosho.

Ewe kunjalo yenye yezona meko zimbi kulo naliphi na ilizwe elinokuhamba kulo. Ukuchaphazela oorhulumente, abaqeshi kunye nabasebenzi, ngokulinganayo. Kwaye oko kunokwenziwa sisiganeko esithile, njengokunyuka kwexabiso leoyile. Esinye sezixhobo zokuqulatha i-stagflation ngamanyathelo ohlukeneyo emali, kubandakanya ukwehliswa kwezezimali ezichaphazelekayo.

Umzekelo wokubonisa le meko kuqoqosho lwehlabathi uzakusisa eJapan ngeminyaka yoo-90, kwinkulungwane edlulileyo. Apho kangangeminyaka emininzi ukwehla kwamandla emali kunye nokuhla kwamandla emali kuhleli kwindawo yokutya eyonakalisa kakhulu uqoqosho lwaseJapan. Kwaye emva kweminyaka, iingcali zezoqoqosho zesikhundla se-Nobel, uPaul Krugman, uqikelela ukuba le meko iyingozi yezoqoqosho inokuphinda ivele.

Hyperinflation: ukunyuka kwinqanaba lamaxabiso

Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kwiivenkile

Kwaye simka siye esiphelweni, inkqubo ongasokuze uyibone, ubuncinci kwixesha elifutshane neliphakathi, xa uhlala kwi-European Union. Ayikho enye ngaphandle kwe-hyperinflation, ethi Ikhula xa ukukhula okuqhubekekayo nokukhawulezayo kwamaxabiso kuveliswa yommandla wezoqoqosho okanye ilizwe. Owona mngcipheko uphambili ufikayo kukuhla kwamandla emali okuthenga.

Kule meko Isalathiso sexabiso sinokunyuka, ngaphandle kokukhula kwezoqoqosho, ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezingama-30, 40%, okanye nangaphezulu. Imizekelo yokucacisa le meko ayisileli kuwo nawuphi na umzuzu wembali, kwaye incinci kule yangoku. Inxalenye elungileyo yamazwe aseLatin American (iArgentina, iEcuador, iVenezuela, njl.njl.) Hamba phantsi kwale meko ididayo. Kwaye apho abemi ingamaxhoba aphambili

Kwimizuzu embalwa udlulile kuyo yonke intshukumo enokubakho ngenxa yokunyuka okanye ukwehla kwamaxabiso, kodwa ikwadityaniswa neenkqubo zokukhula kuqoqosho. Kwaye nakweyiphi na imeko uya kuchaphazeleka ziziphumo zayo. Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi okukhulu, amaxabiso amanqaku kunye nezinto eziphathekayo ngophahla, kwaye nengxaki yokuzixhasa ziya kuba zezinye zazo. Nangona kunjalo. Hayi ilize, uyakucaca kancinci ukuba zonke iinkqubo ezinxulumene nokuvela kwamaxabiso zithetha ntoni. Kwaye njengoko ubonile ukuba kukho ngaphezulu kwesinye.


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  1. Uxanduva lwedatha: UMiguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Injongo yedatha: Ulawulo lwe-SPAM, ulawulo lwezimvo.
  3. Umthetho: Imvume yakho
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  1.   ukunyuka kwamaxabiso sitsho

    Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kukukhula ngokubanzi kunye nokuqhubekayo kwamaxabiso eempahla, iinkonzo kunye nemveliso yelizwe, okuthetha ukuncitshiswa kwamandla okuthenga emali.
    Ukuhla kwehla kukuhla ngokubanzi kwinqanaba lamaxabiso eempahla kunye neenkonzo kuqoqosho. Amaxabiso ancipha ngenxa yokuhla kwebango, ukuya kuthi ga apho abathengisi kufuneka bathengise iimveliso zabo ukuhlawula ubuncinci iindleko zabo ezizinzileyo.
    I-Hyperinflation yenzeka xa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kungalawuleki kwaye imali yelizwe iphulukana nevenkile yayo yexabiso.
    Ukuhla kwamandla emali lixesha apho uqoqosho lwelizwe kunye nokuhla kwamandla emali kumile. Oku akunciphisi nangaliphi na ixesha kwaye kukho indawo yokutya enesiqhushumbisi kunye nokwanda kwentswela-ngqesho kunye nokungena kwingxaki okanye ukwehla kwamandla emali (ukwehla kwamandla emali kwenzeka xa i-GDP iyehla kwiikota ezimbini ezilandelelanayo).

  2.   malvin abreu sitsho

    Unxibelelwano lwenzeka xa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kungalawuleki kwaphela kwaye imali yelizwe ilahlekelwa yindawo yokugcina ixabiso layo.
    Ukuma lixesha apho uqoqosho lwelizwe kunye nokuhla kwamandla emali kumile. Oku akunciphisi nangaliphi na ixesha kwaye kukho indawo yokutya enesiqhushumbisi kunye nokwanda kwentswela-ngqesho kunye nokungena kwingxaki okanye ukwehla kwamandla emali (ukwehla kwamandla emali kwenzeka xa i-GDP iyehla kwiikota ezimbini ezilandelelanayo).

  3.   UEsther Lindauris waseRoma sitsho

    Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso: kukwanda okubanzi nokuqhubekayo kwamaxabiso kwimarike kangangexesha elithile, rhoqo ngonyaka. Xa inqanaba lamaxabiso liphela lenyuka, zimbalwa iimpahla kunye neenkonzo ezithengwayo ngeyunithi nganye yemali. Ngamanye amagama, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kubonisa ukwehla kwamandla okuthenga emali: ilahleko yexabiso lokwenyani lotshintshiselwano lwangaphakathi kunye neyunithi yomlinganiselo woqoqosho.
    Ukuhla kwexabiso okanye ukunyuka kwamaxabiso: kukuhla ngokubanzi kunye nokuqhubeka kwamaxabiso.
    I-hyperinflation: ukunyuka okukhawulezayo kunye nokuqhubekayo kwinqanaba lamaxabiso, elibangela ukuba abantu bangayigcini imali, ngenxa yokulahleka kwexabiso rhoqo, kwaye bakhethe ukugcina ukuthengisa.
    I-Stagflation: ibonakaliswa kukuma koqoqosho ngelixa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye nomvuzo uqhubeka