Imbonakalo yecandelo lokuthenga nokuthengisa ekhaya lihle kakhulu ngo-2018 njengoko kuqikelelwa ukuba inani lemisebenzi liyakukhula nge-18%. Ngale ndlela, ukuxinaniswa kwezindlu nomhlaba kunokuba yenye ye ezinye iindlela zotyalo-mali ukusukela ngoku ukuya phambili ngenxa yobuthathaka obuboniswe ziimarike zezabelo. Ngokuwa kwezinye zezona ndawo zichaphazelekayo ngaphezulu kwe-10%. Ukusuka kolu luvo, ukudibanisa iziqu kutyalo-mali lwentsebenziswano oluvumela ukutyala imali encinci yemali kwiiprojekthi zezindlu nomhlaba, kokubini kwimisebenzi yokuthenga kunye zokuqeshisa izindlu.
Kunokuthiwa oko kubizwa ngokuba kukuthengiswa kwezindlu nomhlaba yindawo entsha efakiweyo kwicandelo lotyalo-mali, kodwa ngeendlela ezahlukileyo ngokuthelekiswa nezesiko. Isekela isicwangciso-qhinga sayo ekubekeni indawo kwi candelo lezindlu, kodwa ngaphandle kokwenza iinzame zemali ezigqithileyo, kwaye ngokudibeneyo nabanye abatyali mali abaneempawu ezifanayo. Ngenjongo yokuthatha inxaxheba kwizibonelelo zokuthengwa kwayo nayiphi na ipropathi (amakhaya, indawo okanye iiofisi).
Ngenxa yesi sicwangciso, le misebenzi kulula ukuyigqiba kuba ngenxa yemali ephantsi efunekayo kutyalo-mali lwayo, ivumela ukufikelela kuwo onke amakhaya. Ayilolize, kodwa inokufikelelwa ukusuka kwi-1.000 ye-euro kuphela kumaqonga athile anezi mpawu. Xa kunokwenzeka ukuba imbuyekezo ifikelele kwi-10%, kunye nexesha lesigxina elinokubakho phakathi kwe-6 kunye ne-16 inyanga malunga. Ngokusebenzisa imodeli yotyalo-mali ebalaseleyo okwangoku ngoyilo lwayo olupheleleyo.
Ukuxinana: thatha ithuba kwicandelo
Konke oku, kwimeko enje ngoku, apho imarike yokuthengisa izindlu nomhlaba ikwinkqubela phambili ecacileyo eSpain. Ukuthatha inxaxheba ebonakalayo ekukhuleni kwemveliso yekhaya (GDP) eyavala kunyaka ophelileyo ngokunyuka kwe-3,1%. Nangona kutshanje iNgxowa-mali yeMali yeHlabathi (i-IMF) yehlise uqikelelo lwayo ukuya kwi-2,4% ngo-2018. Ngale ndlela, abasebenzisi banokusebenzisa izibonelelo ezikwicandelo lezindlu ezizezinye zezona zinamandla kuqoqosho lwesizwe. Ngaphezulu kwamanye amacandelo eqhinga, njengombane okanye nokubhankisha.
Imbonakalo yeli candelo icace gca ngokwedatha enikwe yingxelo yakutshanje Indawo yokuThengisa eSpain sele ilungisiwe yiServihabitat. Apho kuboniswa khona ukuba ukuthengiswa kwamakhaya iya kukhula ngaphezulu kwe-18% ngo-2018, ngaphezulu kwe-550.000 yemisebenzi. Inani elibiza utyalo-mali ngokufumana iarhente yokuthengisa izindlu nomhlaba ngokungathanga ngqo kwezokhuseleko kwicandelo lezindlu nomhlaba ezidweliswe kwizabelo zaseSpain.
Inkxaso mali yeProjekthi
Kodwa ukuba awunawo amandla okuthenga okujongana nale misebenzi, kuya kuhlala kukho ukhetho lokukhetha ukungqinisisa izindlu nomhlaba. Nangona kuthotho lwezithunzi kuyakufuneka ulumkise ukukhusela izehlo ezinokwenzeka kutyalo-mali. Apho mhlawumbi owona mngcipheko mkhulu wale misebenzi ulele kwinto yokuba oku kuseyimarike yokufumana imali eSpain. Apho amaqonga okutyala imali imali iseyimbinana kwaye sihamba neemodeli zeshishini ngokwahlukileyo kwezinye.
Esi sicwangciso siliqili livumela amaqela otyalo-mali ukuba axhase iiprojekthi ezinxulumene necandelo lokuthengiswa kwezindlu, ngaphandle kokubhenela kwimigca yamatyala enikezelwa ngamaziko emali. Ngale ndlela, bayakwazi ukuphelisa uthotho lwee inkcitho kwimisebenzi yakho oko kunciphisa iindleko zeeprojekthi. Akumangalisi ukuba abatyali mali abancinci babanikeze kubo ukuze bavuzwe ngembuyekezo enokufikelela kwi-15%. Ngayiphi na imeko, kunzima ngakumbi ukufumana kwiimarike ze-equity kwaye akunakwenzeka kwaphela kwingeniso emiselweyo okanye kwiimveliso zebhanki (iidipozithi zexesha, amanqaku ezithembiso okanye izicwangciso zokonga).
Ukusebenza kwemisebenzi
Nangona kunjalo, ayibuyiswanga imbuyekezo minyaka le, nkqu kwaneenyanga. Kodwa ngokuchaseneyo, kuxhomekeke kwindaleko kwi amaxabiso ezindlu. Esi sesinye sezizathu eziphambili zokuba ii-oscillation ezibonakalayo ziveliswa ukusuka kolunye utyando ukuya kolunye ngokuxhomekeka ekubeni imali ityalwe nini. Ayisoloko ifana kwaye ke kuya kufuneka uthathe ithuba lokonyuka kwintengiso yezindlu kunye nomhlaba ukuphucula umdla. Ukuphakama kokukhula kwezoqoqosho, kokukhona imbuyekezo kubatyali zimali. Ngoluhlu lwembuyekezo ukusuka kwi-2% ukuya kwi-15%.
Ngayiphi na imeko, enye yezona mpawu zibalulekileyo zokudibanisa izindlu nomhlaba kukuba zigubungela zonke iintlobo ze projekthi zezindlu, ukusuka ekuthengweni kwezindlu nomhlaba ukuya kwiindawo eziqeshisayo. Ukusuka kwiiflethi ezikumbindi weedolophu ezinkulu ukuya kwezinye izindululo zokuthengiswa kwezindlu kunye nomhlaba oshiya imida yethu ukuba ityale imali kwizitena ezisoloko zisetyenziswa. Umzekelo, e-Itali, eFrance okanye kwamanye amazwe kwindawo yethu ekufutshane. Nangona kunjalo, imbuyekezo ifana kakhulu naleyo iveliswe kutyalo-mali lwelizwe lethu.
Ibhaliswe kwi-CNMV
Kuthatha ukulinda ixesha elifutshane ukufumana izibonelelo eziqikelelweyo, phakathi kweenyanga ezintandathu kunye neminyaka emithathu. Esi sesinye seziphene kolu tyalo-mali. Nangona eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu ithatyathwa kulubala oluncinci olunokubonelelwa ngamaqonga ahlanganisiweyo. Ukulungisa le ngxaki inokubakho, abatyali mali baya kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba ezi nkampani zibhalisiwe kunye Ikhomishini yeSizwe yeNtengiso (CNMV). Ayothusi into yokuba sesona sicwangciso silungileyo sokuphepha izehlo ekusebenzeni.
Kwakhona, oku imodeli yokusebenzisana Utyalomali aluvumeli utyalomali olukhulu. Kodwa ngokuchaseneyo, igalelo elincinci liphakathi kwe-50 kunye ne-10.000 euro. Ngaphandle kokuba umtyali-mali aqinisekisiwe kwaye kwimeko apho uya kubanakho ukugqitha le mida. Nangona oku kuya kufuneka ukuba ubonelele ngesisombululo kwiakhawunti yakho. Umzekelo, ukuba nengeniso yonyaka engaphezulu kwe-50.000 euro kunye neeasethi zemali ezingaphezu kwe-100.000 euro. Ukusukela ngalo mzuzu ukuya phambili, kuyakushiyeka kuphela ukuba ukhethe iprojekthi yearhente yokuthenga izindlu enokuthi ibe yinzuzo ngakumbi, kuxhomekeke kwindawo ekuyo kunye neempawu zeprojekthi.
Ayikho enye indlela yotyalo-mali
Ukusukela ngalo mzuzu uye phambili, kuya kufuneka ube nguwe omisela ukuba kuya kulunga na ukutyala imali kule ndlela yotyalo-mali ekhethekileyo. Ngomngcipheko kunye nezibonelelo zayo, kodwa nakweyiphi na imeko inokuba yinto enomdla ngexesha apho kungekho zinketho zotyalo mali. Kuba, iimveliso zengeniso esisigxina Kunqabile ukuba banikeze isivuno ngaphezulu kwe-1%, nangona ilungisiwe kwaye iqinisekisiwe kuzo zonke iimeko.
Ngelixa ngokuchaseneyo, ii-equity zishiye imida yenzuzo ebebeyonwabele phakathi kuka-2013 kunye no-2017 kwaye banokungena ezantsi ezantsi eziyingozi kakhulu kwimidla yakho. Ngale ndlela, awungekhe ulibale ukuba ukhetho lwentengiso yeestokhwe yaseSpain unokuwugxotha unyaka ngokuwa ngaphezulu kwe-10%Ngelixa i-Eurostoxx 50 ishiya phantse iipesenti ezili-10 zokuxabisa kwayo kulo nyaka. Ukuza kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba ii-equities azisafumani nzuzo njengakwiminye iminyaka. Nangona okwangoku kungaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba le meko izakuhamba ukuya phi kwiimarike zezabelo. Ukuphakama kokukhula kwezoqoqosho, kokukhona imbuyekezo kubatyali mali.
Izinto eziluncedo zokudibanisa abantu
Ngayiphi na imeko, olu hlobo lotyalo-mali olulolunye lunokunika uthotho lwezibonelelo ezinokuba nomdla kakhulu ukuze wenze ukuba inkunzi ifumaneke ukusukela ngoku ukuba ibe yinzuzo: Zeziphi ezi zibonelelo zixelwe kule misebenzi kwintengiso yezindlu? Ewe, ziziindidi ezahlukeneyo kwaye zinamagama ahlukeneyo anje ngala siwanikezela ngezantsi:
- La uguquko kwimirhumo yezoqoqosho yenye yezinto eziqhelekileyo zezi zinto zenziwa kwicandelo lezitena elibalulekileyo. Ukusuka kwixabiso elinokufikeleleka kakhulu kwabanye elifuna umzamo omkhulu wotyalo-mali.
- Uya kuba neendlela ezizezinye malunga noku Ixesha lokuhlala. Oko kukuthi, kuya kufuneka ube nemali engenakukwazi ukuyihlangula nangaliphi na ixesha. Ayisebenzi ngokungaphelelanga okanye iyonke. Njengolunye lweengxaki ezinkulu zokuthengiswa kwezindlu nomhlaba.
- Las maqonga Bambalwa kakhulu abathengisa le mveliso kutyalo-mali kwaye ezinye zazo azilawulwa. Ngale ndlela, awuzukukhetha ngaphandle kokujonga abo banikezela ezona ziqinisekiso ziphezulu.
- Eli candelo linefayile ye- amandla aphezulu liphezulu kakhulu ukuba icandelo lezindlu nomhlaba liphantsi kwenqanaba lokukhula. Ngaphandle kwezinye izinto zobuchwephesha eziya kuthi zibonakale kulondolozo-mali.
- Kwaye okokugqibela, awungekhe ulibale ukuba yi ukwandisa icandelo ezinokuvelisa izabelo ezinkulu ukusukela ngoku njengesiphumo sembuyekezo enkulu enokufumaneka kwisitena.