Ngexesha lika-2006-2008, i-subprime mortgage yayiyingxaki enkulu yezoqoqosho e-United States, neyathi yaphantse yachaphazela amanye amazwe amaninzi. Kusekho iingcali zezoqoqosho ezininzi kunye neengcali ezibakhumbulayo, kwaye abalumkisa ngengozi yokuba baya kubuya, phantsi kwamanye amagama, ngaloo ndlela betshintsha uqoqosho lwelizwe.
Ke ngoko, ukuba uyafuna Yazi ukuba yeyiphi imali ebambekayo yokubambisa, iimeko abazinikelayo kunye nento eyenzekileyo ukuze ngoku zibonwe njengengozi enkulu, nantsi siluqokelele lonke ulwazi malunga nalo.
Zithini i-subprime mortgge
Ubolekiso lwangaphantsi kwexesha eliphantsi kwavela eUnited States. Inyaniso, babengabantu "abasemthethweni" kwinkqubo yabo yemali mboleko kunye nekhredithi, kwaye bebejolise ngqo kwimali mboleko. Kweli lizwe, bekukho iintlobo ezimbini zokubambisa: eyona nto iphambili, ezo zinikwe abantu abanemali engaphezulu kwama-660 (ngokomsebenzi wabo, umgangatho wobomi, amaxwebhu, ukubuyela kwemali, njl. i-subprime, nezo zinikezelwe kubantu abangafikanga kumanqaku angama-660. Aba bafumene amanye amagama anje ngobambiso lwe-junk okanye i-NINJA ebolekisiweyo (AkukhoNgeniso engenayo i-JO okanye ii-asethi, eziguqulelwe njengemali-mboleko yabo bangenayo ingeniso, abasebenza okanye abangasebenziyo).
Ngaloo ndlela, Ukubambiswa kwemali mboleko engaphantsi kwexesha eliphantsi yilezo zazinikwa abantu ababenezixhobo ezimbalwa, babenengeniso encinci, okanye bengenawo nomsebenzi. Kule meko, kwakuyingozi kakhulu ukuboleka imali kumntu ongakwaziyo ukuyihlawula, kwaye ke bathathe isigqibo sokunyusa inzala.
Into ekufuneka igcinwe engqondweni kukuba ezi mboleko zemali zazingekho mbi, zazifana nezobolekiso eziphambili, kodwa ezi, kuba umniniyo wayengenguye "oyena mntu unokuthembela emalini", iimeko zazinyanzeliswa.
Zithini iimeko zobambiso lwangaphambi kwexesha
Zazithini ezo meko? Ubolekiso lwangaphantsi kwexesha eliphantsi yayisisibonelelo esasetyenziswa ziintsapho ezininzi kumakhaya abo. Ingxaki kukuba ezi zibeke umngcipheko omkhulu kwiibhanki. Mhlawumbi enye okanye ezimbini, kodwa izinto zaqala ukuqokelela ngakumbi nangakumbi, kwaye uninzi lwazo lwaqala ukusilela.
Ukuqala, ezi ntlobo zobambiso zazigcinelwe iiprofayili ezingakhange zifikelele kwisisombululo esasifuneka ukuba sinike imali mboleko. Kwaye banakho ukufikelela kubantu abangenamsebenzi, abanengeniso encinci, okanye abangazinzanga kwaye bengenazo iipropathi egameni labo ezinokuthi "ziqinisekise". Ngamanye amagama, nabani na unokuthatha imali mboleko yangaphantsi yeprprime ngaphandle kokufumana umsebenzi, imali, okanye ipropathi.
Ngenxa yoku kungasentla, kwaye ngenxa yokuba ibandakanyeka kwintengiselwano yomngcipheko omkhulu, iqondo lenzala lelona liphezulu, kuba bekukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokungagqibeki. A) Ewe, iqondo lenzala lalidla ngokuba phakathi kwamanqaku ayi-1,5 ukuya kwayi-7 ngaphezulu kwento ethathwa njengeqhelekileyo. Kodwa ayizange iphelele apho.
Kwakhona bekukho ezinye iikhomishini, hayi nje iarhente zabarhwebi, kodwa ezinye ezibekwe ziibhanki ngokwazo kwaye inyuse imali leyo ekufuneka ibuyiselwe kunzima kakhulu ukubuyela kweli qela.
Okokugqibela, imali mboleko yanikwa imali engaphezulu kwe-80% yendlu, kodwa kwakulula ukuba i-bhanki ngokwayo ikwenze i-100% yemali mboleko kwaye ikhathalele nenkcitho.
Ngamanye amagama, ibiyinto yokubambisa "enamanzi" kwabo bayifunayo. Kodwa kuthekani ngeebhanki?
Ubolekiso lwangaphambi kwexesha kunye neebhanki
Kwimeko yeebhanki, kubonakala ngathi ayinakwenzeka into yokuba umntu abe nesibindi sokwenza into enjalo, akunjalo? Kwaye e-United States yenzekile (nangona ikwayile nto ibangele ukuwa kwemali emva koko).
Kodwa ewe, Iibhanki zivuyisiwe zezi ntlobo zobambiso, kwaye konke kungenxa yokuba basebenzise inani le "bond mortgage." Babengumbono apho babeka khona ezo mboleko babazithengisa kwingxowa mali. Oko kukuthi, baxhaswa ngabanye abathi, endaweni yokufumana ezi bhonasi, bafumana "umvuzo." Kwaye yonke into ibonakala ngathi ihamba kakuhle ... de kwaba kungenjalo.
Ibali lengxaki enkulu
Ngo-2000, imali-mboleko yangaphantsi ye-subprime "yayiyisivumelwano." Umntu, ngaphandle kwengeniso, ngaphandle komsebenzi ozinzileyo, ngaphandle kweepropathi angavuma ukuthenga indlu kuba ibhanki imnike imali mboleko, ngamanye amaxesha i-100%, ngamanye amaxesha i-80%. Kodwa yayiyeyakhe. Into ekufuneka uyenzile kukuhlawula umrhumo wenyanga. Yonke into yahamba kakuhle. Inyaniso, Ngokwedatha evela kwiZiko leMfundo lweStock Market, ngo-2006 amaziko ezezimali aseMelika enze imali eninzi ngale mveliso yebhanki. Kodwa ukusukela ngaloo nyaka, izinto zaya zisiba mbi.
Kwaye oko Abantu abaninzi bayeka ukuhlawula iifizi, kwaye loo nto yabangela ukuba bancame amakhaya abo. Ingxaki yayikukuba ezi azinakuthengiswa ngexabiso eliphezulu, kuba ixabiso lalisele liphezulu, kwaye babeqala nokuhla. Ke iibhanki zazinezindlu ezininzi namatyala. Ukongeza, abo bathenga iibhondi baqala ukubona ukuba abayi kufumana nto, ngokuchaseneyo, babephulukana nalo lonke ixabiso abalityalile. Kwaye oko kubangele imali kunye namashishini ebhanki ukuba aqale ukuba neengxaki zokuhlawula amatyala, ukuba angabinamali… nto leyo ibangele ingxaki eyaziwayo yezemali ka-2007-2008.
Ngaba kukho i-junk mortg eSpain?
Umbuzo omkhulu kwabaninzi. Kananjalo, imali-mboleko yangaphantsi kwexesha eliphantsi yayiyinto yaseMelika. Kodwa akufuneki uhambe kude kakhulu ukubona loo nto, amanani afanayo akho naseSpain.
Ngapha koko, phantse ngaxeshanye e-United States, kwii-2000s, oko kubizwa ngokuba yimali mboleko yezindlu ngaphandle kwesibambiso kwaqala ukuphuma kwiibhanki. Iimeko zabo bezifana kakhulu ne-subprime kwaye ewe, iziphumo bezikwakhona: ingxaki yezoqoqosho apho, iSpain ingekakwazi ukuphuma kuyo.
Kwaye ngoku?
Asinakukuxelela ukuba akukho subprime, i-junk, i-NINJA yokubambisa okanye nantoni na ofuna ukuyibiza namhlanje. Inyaniso yile Ewe banokubakho, babizwe ngenye indlela, kwaye baneemeko ezifanayo. Nangona kunjalo, iibhanki ezininzi zisifundile isifundo kwaye ngoku ukufikelela kubambiso kunzima kakhulu kunangaphambili. Ngapha koko, nangona iibhanki zikulungele ngakumbi ukuboleka imali, "zigcina umhlana wazo" ngeziqinisekiso okanye amanani aqinisekisa ukuba aza kuyifumana imali.