Umgangatho kunye namahlwempu yenye yee-indices ezibonisa amandla amakhulu okwangoku nangaphezulu kwezinye iimarike zamanye amazwe emva kokwandiswa kwe-coronavirus. Amanqaku eepesenti angcono kunezinye izindululo kwiimarike zokulingana kwihlabathi liphela. Ewe ayikafikeleli kumanqanaba eNasdaq, kodwa ukubuyisa ikwazile ukumelana nethemba lokuthengisa okukhoyo ngoku kwiimarike zezemali. Ukuba yenye yeendlela ezinokufumaneka kubatyali zimali abancinci nabaphakathi ukwenza ukuba ikapitali yabo ibenenzuzo kwintsalela yonyaka.
Imigangatho kunye namahlwempu yehle i-16% ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kulo nyaka, ingaphantsi kwelahleko kwiimarike zezabelo kumazwe aseYurophu. Emva kokuphakama kwamaxesha onke kuye kwafikelelwa ngaphambi kuka-Matshi kunye nezinye ii-indices zase-US. Ngamanye amagama, isenomda wokuzithemba kwinxalenye yabatyali mali kwiinyanga ezizayo ukonakalisa ezinye izalathiso kwilizwekazi elidala. Kwaye le yeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu ukwenza ipotifoliyo enengqondo kwaye elungeleleneyo ukusukela ngoku. Ukuba kuwo onke amatyala enye yamanqaku afanelekileyo abangele ukufika kwe-coronavirus.
Kwelinye icala, imigangatho kunye namahlwempu banokujongana neenyanga ezizayo benethemba. Ingakumbi ukuba iyeza lokujongana ne-coronavirus lifika kwiinyanga ezizayo. Ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba amaxabiso enza esi sikhombisi sibalulekileyo sesitokhwe anokunyuka. Ubuncinci ukukhuthaza ukuphononongwa ngokutsha phakathi kwe-10% kunye ne-20% kwaye ke oko kunokuba kuxhomekeke kwiintshukumo zabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi. Ngale ndlela, asinakulibala ukuba iMigangatho kunye namahlwempu yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zomzuzu ngaphandle kokungazinzi okukhulu ekuhambisaneni namaxabiso ezokhuseleko abhalwe kuwo.
Imigangatho kunye namahlwempu: ekhokelayo
Ngayiphi na imeko, ayinakulityalwa ukuba le index kwimarike yestokhwe yaseMelika yeyona inentsebenzo eyiyo ukusukela ukuphela kuka-Epreli. Ngendlela ekungasetyenziswanga kuyo nayiphi na imeko ukusukela oko ichaphazeleke ngamahla ndenyuka kuqoqosho lwangoku kwanakwentlalo. Ngale ndlela, akukho mathandabuzo ukuba i-Standard kunye ne-Poor's nayo yahanjiswa linani lamatyala abantu abosulelwe yintsholongwane. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ukuba ibonakalise ukungahambi kakuhle kwiiseshoni zokugqibela zokuthengisa kwaye oko kukuthi, emva kwayo yonke loo nto, yenye yeempawu zayo kwezi ntsuku zinzima kubo bonke abatyali mali. Ngaphandle kwendlela yokunyuka ekuhambeni kwexesha engaphulwanga.
Ngelixa kwelinye icala, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugxininisa into yokuba iziphumo zeenkampani ezidweliswe kwiMigangatho kunye naMahlwempu bezingcono kunokuba bekulindelwe. Inyani ekhokelele kwiinkampani ezininzi ezidwelisiweyo ziye zaxabisa ngeli xesha lifutshane. Nangona siphantsi kwemida ebuthathaka kakhulu engamenyiyo ukuba ithathe izikhundla kwiintsuku okanye kwiiveki ezizayo. Kodwa ubuncinci ivelisa ithemba ngakumbi kubatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi abafuna ukubuyela kwiimarike zokulingana. Kodwa ayisiyonto eqhubekayo, kodwa ngokuchaseneyo iya kukhubeka kuxhomekeka kwidatha ephawula i-coronavirus yonke imihla. Oko kukuthi, imeko efanelekileyo kakhulu yokwenza imisebenzi kwiseshoni enye yokurhweba ukufumana inzuzo ngokukhawuleza, ukuba iintshukumo kwiimarike zezemali ziyakuvumela oko.
Ngomnikelo owahlukeneyo
Ukusuka kolu hlobo lwembono, akukho mathandabuzo okuba isalathiso esiseMgangathweni kunye nesihlwempuzekileyo lukhetho olufanelekileyo kubathengisi kule misebenzi kwintengiso yemasheya. Inika ukungqinelana ngakumbi kunakwezinye iimarike zamanye amazwe kunye nokunyuka okuphezulu, ubuncinci kwixesha elide. Ngelixa kwelinye icala, inyani yokuba ekusebenzeni kwayo kukho uguquko olukhulu kwiintshukumo ezenziwayo ayinakulityalwa nayo. Kuba, enyanisweni, inezenzo ezininzi kunezinye kwaye kuko konke oku unokukhetha amaxabiso ahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kukhetho onokuba unalo ngexesha elinikiweyo. Zombini kumacandelo emveli kunye nokuyila, ngaphandle kokuthintelwa ekuthathweni kwesigqibo. Akumangalisi ukuba ibe yenye yezona zinto zinikezelweyo kuzo zonke iimarike zokulingana kwihlabathi liphela.
Amaxabiso embali kwi-standard & Poor's 500 index yesitokhwe inokufumaneka kwiiwebhusayithi ezinje ngeYahoo Finance, kusetyenziswa itiki yeGSPC, okanye ezezimali kuGoogle, nge .INX. I-Yahoo inokutshatisa uthotho ukusukela ngo-1950. Ezo manani, kunye neetshathi zazo ezihambelanayo, ziluncedo ekuvavanyeni ukusebenza kwangaphambili kotyalo-mali kwi-equity, kuba isalathiso se-S & P500 sithathwa njengommeli wentengiso yesitokhwe esikhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze sifunde ngenzuzo yokwenyani yentengiso, kufuneka silinganise kunye negrafu kungekuphela kwexabiso, kodwa kunye nefuthe lokuhanjiswa kwesahlulo kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Yinjongo yalo msebenzi.
Inzuzo iyonke
Ngokwe-Standard & Poor's, icandelo lokwahlulahlula linoxanduva lokufumana isalathiso semali engama-44 kwiminyaka engama-80 edlulileyo. Ukuba sihlalutya inzuzo yembali yotyalo-mali esitokisini, le nxalenye ayinakuhoywa. Ke ngoko, kunomdla kwigrafu kunye ne-avareji yembuyekezo iyonke (Oko kukuthi, ukonyuka kwexabiso ukuba zonke izabelo ziphinde zatyalwa) endaweni yexabiso lokuvela. Le tshathi ilandelayo ibonisa ukusebenza kwembali ye-S & P 500 ukusukela ngo-1950:
Ungayibona ifuthe lotyalo-mali oluyi-1 yedola ngo-1950. Igophe leorenji libonisa iziphumo zokuba zonke izabelo ziphinde zenziwe (oko kukuthi, imbuyekezo iyonke), ngelixa igophe eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lingathathi galelo, ngenxa yoko libonisa ixabiso lendaleko. Njengoko ubona, ukuphinda kutyalwe zonke izabelo eziveliswe malunga namaxesha asibhozo okubuya. Qaphela ukuba i-axis ye-Y ilogarithmical scaled, ukuze uyiqonde ngcono imizila yangaphambili.
Iindlela zokunyuka kwamaxabiso nokwabiwa kwesahlulo. Amabinzana afana "nedola etyalwe ngonyaka ka 1926 ingangama - 3000 eerandi namhlanje ahlala eviwa ngaphandle kokuthathela ingqalelo into yokuba idola ukusukela ngo 1926 ayinanto yakwenza nedola ukusukela ngo 2009. Ukuvavanya ngokufanelekileyo ukuba ingakanani imali enokufunyanwa ngokutyala imali esitokisini ixesha elide, isiphumo sokunyuka kwamaxabiso kufuneka sikhutshwe kwitafile, kulungelelaniswe iziphumo eziphakathi ngokwesalathiso esifana ne-Index yamaXabiso abaThengi epapashwe liSebe lezaBasebenzi laseMelika.
Iitshathi eziphambili zibonisa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ngonyaka, kunye nexabiso lokuhanjiswa kwesahlulo sonyaka. Kuzo zombini, ezinye iindlela ezinomdla zinokujongwa:
Uninzi lwabahlalutyi bezemali luxhalabile ngokukodwa ukuba iinkampani ezimbini ezikhulu zesalathiso, iApple neMicrosoft, nganye inesisindo esiphakamileyo kwi-S & P 500 kunamashishini athile. I-Apple neMicrosoft yeakhawunti nganye malunga ne-4,5% yexabiso lentengiso le-S & P 500. Oku kuphezulu kunobunzima bamandla, izinto eziluncedo, izindlu nomhlaba kunye nezinto ezisisiseko kumacandelo.
Xa abatyali mali beqala ukugcwala kakhulu kwicandelo, oko kuhlala kungapheli. Abahlalutyi abaphezulu bagqabaze kudliwanondlebe namajelo eendaba ukuba oku kulandelwa kwengqondo. Kwaye ukhathazekile ukuba amaxabiso esitokhwe abaluleke kakhulu ngoku aphezulu kakhulu.
Bamba iipasipoti zakho. Lixesha lokuba ujonge isitokhwe phesheya, emva kwayo yonke loo nto, lixesha lokujonga amasheya aphesheya. Kule meko, abahlalutyi baye baqaphela ukuba, ukongeza kubunzima obuphezulu betekhnoloji ngonyaka ka-2000, amasheya ezemali enza inxenye enkulu ngokungenakulinganiswa yesalathiso ngo-2007, kanye phambi kokupheliswa kwe-Lehman Brothers kunye ne-Great Recession. Amandla esitokhwe nawo ayephezulu ngokungaqhelekanga ngoxinzelelo ngo-2008 ngaphambi kokuba kwehle amaxabiso eoyile.
"Ukuxinana okukhoyo kweli candelo asikokuqikelelwa kwentshabalalo esondeleyo, kodwa kunoko kukuvuselela abatyali mali ukuze bazi ngobungozi obunokubakho obuthathelwa ingqalelo yinto nje yokuba 'ngumnini weemarike'", waphawula kwingxelo. Abatyalomali abafuna ukuvezwa kweemarike ngokubanzi banokujonga kwezinye iimali kunye nee-ETFs ezizezabo iinkampani ze-S & P 500-nge-twist.
Enye i-Index ye-ETF isala ngasemva kwe-S & P 500. Ulawulo lwemali i-Invesco enkulu, umzekelo, ine-ETF yesisindo esilinganayo se-S & P 500 (RSP). Njengoko igama libonisa, ingxowa-mali ithatha zonke izitokhwe kwisalathiso kwaye zizilinganise ngokulinganayo. Kwaye kukho enye i-ETF epheqa isalathiso. Ii-ETFs ezichazayo zilawula i-US Reverse Large Cap ETF (RVRS), ebeka ezona zinto ziphambili kwiinkampani ezincinci.
Thenga izabelo
Ngaba sikhona isizathu sokuqhubeka nokuba nesabelo somntu ngamnye? Ngelishwa, zombini ezi mali ziye zalahla ukusebenza kwesalathiso se-S & P 500 kule minyaka idlulileyo. Ngelixa isitokhwe sokulinganisa ngokulinganayo kwipotifoliyo kunokwenza into ethile ebonakalayo, kunzima ukugqwesa kwintengiso iyonke xa icandelo elinye liphumelela onke amanye.
Isicwangciso sokubeka imali ngakumbi kwiinkampani ezincinci ze-S & P 500 kubonakala ngathi sinempazamo. Imali ebuyiswayo ye-ETF okwangoku inelona xabiso liphezulu kubathengisi abaxinzelelekileyo uL Brands (LB), iGap (GPS), Nordstrom (JWN) kunye neMacy's (M). Isizathu sokuba benamaxabiso amancinci entengiso? Zonke izitokhwe zayo ziye zehla kunyaka ophelileyo
Unoko engqondweni, abatyali mali banokufuna ukuncuma kwaye babambe xa bethenga ingxowa mali yesalathiso rhoqo. Ewe, banokubonakaliswa okubonakalayo kwi-quintet yeenkampani zobuchwephesha. Kodwa uninzi lwabahlalutyi luthethelele ukusebenza okuqinileyo kwezenzo zalo. “Ukuba nezinto ezininzi kwezobuchwephesha kuyinkxalabo ekufuneka ingananzwa. Kukho uthelekiso oluya ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1990. Kodwa kufuneka siqonde ukuba ezi nkampani ziphumeza ingeniso engaphaya komndilili kunye nokukhula kwenzuzo kwihlabathi elingenako ukukhula, "utshilo uTimothy Chubb, igosa eliyintloko lotyalo-mali eGirard.
UChubb wongeze ukuba ubunzima bemali yentengiso lukhetho oluncono kunokubeka isitokhwe kwisalathiso ngexabiso lesitokhwe, njengoko iDow isenza, ngakumbi xa inikwe inqanaba eliphezulu: iBoeing (BA), eyehla nge-15% kunyaka ophelileyo phakathi kwengozi kaMax 737. phantse kunyaka ophelileyo. Ezona nkampani zinkulu zaseMelika zibandakanyeke ngokunzulu kuqoqosho lwaseMelika, nakwilizwe liphela. Iinkampani ezingama-500 ezinkulu zokurhweba esidlangalaleni zase-US, abadlali abaphambili kwi-S & P XNUMX Index, zibonakalisiwe apha kunye nemisebenzi yabo, iilogo, kunye namakhonkco aluncedo.
Uphawu lweNew York Stock Exchange. E-United States, iinkampani zithengiswa esidlangalaleni kutshintshiselwano lwesitokhwe ukufikelela kwiimali ezinkulu zabatyali zimarike. Ngokuzibophelela ekuthobeleni imigaqo ebekwe yiKhomishini yokuTshintshiselana ngeziThuthi -i-SEC -, ezi nkampani zifumana izabelo zazo zidweliswe kuthengiso lwesitokhwe, amaziko anoxanduva lokuqinisekisa iimeko zentengiso ezifanelekileyo.
E-United States, iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokutshintshiselana ngesitokhwe ziqinisekisa iimeko zentengiso ezifanelekileyo zokuqhubeka nokuthengisa kwamasheya amakhulukhulu eenkampani: iNew York Stock Exchange- i-NYSE- kunye neNasdaq Stock Exchange, ngokulandelelana kwezorhwebo. kunye nehlabathi.
I-S & P 500 Index, isalathiso esibanzi
Ukulinganisa ukusebenza kwezitokhwe zase-US kunye nokuvavanya ukuvela kweemarike zezemali kunye noqoqosho lwase-US, izitokhwe zeenkampani ezingama-500 ezinkulu ezithengiswa esidlangalaleni e-US zidityaniswe kwisalathiso se-S & P 500, esaziwa nangakumbi njenge-S & P. Isalathiso esine-capitalisation, esinika ubunzima kwiinkampani ezinkulu, sithathwa njengeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwimarike yemasheya yase-US nakuqoqosho lwase-US luphela.
Ngokusekwe kwizitokhwe zeenkampani ezingama-500, i-S & P inesiseko esibanzi kuneenkampani ezingama-30 ezenza umndilili weDow Jones Industrial, nangona uninzi lweenkampani zeDow zizezona zinto ziphambili kwi-S & P. I-S & P ikwanoluhlu olubanzi lwamacandelo kunye nemizi-mveliso kuneenkampani ezenza i-Nasdaq Composite Index, ejolise kakhulu kwicandelo lobuchwepheshe.
Uluhlu olupheleleyo lweenkampani eziphezulu ze-500 zase-US ezenza i-S & P 500 Index, kunye nolwazi oluninzi malunga nenkampani nganye, jonga i-Excel ispredishithi seenkampani eziphezulu ezingama-500 zaseMelika.
Ukukunceda ufunde ngakumbi malunga nale mibutho, iinkcukacha kwiinkampani ezinkulu zase-30 zase-US, iindawo eziphezulu ezingama-500 ze-S & P 7 Index, zibhalwe apha ngezantsi.Inkampani nganye idwelisiwe kunye nokungeniswa kwamashishini amancinci kunye nemisetyenzana, imisebenzi, imali yentengiso , ikhonkco ngqo kwiwebhusayithi yakho, ilogo kunye nophawu lwesitokhwe. Iinkampani zihlelwa ngokweemali zazo zentengiso kwiidola zaseMelika, ukusukela ngokuvalwa okusebenzayo ngolwesiHlanu, ngoFebruwari 2020, XNUMX.
Gcina ukhumbula ukuba ukuba ufuna ulwazi kwezi nkampani ukuze utyalomali kwizabelo zakho, qiniseka ukuba uyazi into oyenzayo, kuba utyalomali lwakho luya kuba semngciphekweni omkhulu ngokuvela kwamaxabiso ezabelo. Ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nokutyala imali kwimarike yemasheya kunye nokulawula iphothifoliyo yakho, jonga indawo yethu kwizifundo ze-Intanethi ezimalunga notyalo-mali kunye nentengiso yesitokhwe, kunye nezi ncwadi zithengisa kakhulu zokufunda indlela yokutyala imali kwimarike yemasheya.
Iindlela ezimfutshane kwinkampani nganye
Ukukhawulezisa ukuhamba kwakho kolu luhlu lude, nazi iilinki ezikhawulezayo zokutsiba ngqo kwiinkcukacha zayo nayiphi na yeenkampani eziphezulu ezingama-30 kwi-S & P 500. Qiniseka ukuba ujonga nesishwankathelo seenkampani ezili-10 eziphezulu kwi-S & P 500 emva uluhlu! Akunakulityalwa ukuba ngale ndlela, iMigangatho kunye namahlwempu yenye yezona zinto zinamandla okwangoku. Ngamaxabiso alandelayo onokuthi uzibeke kwezi zithuba zalo nyaka kunzima kangaka ngenxa yokuvela kwe-coronavirus.
iBoeing
Wells Fargo
PepsiCo
Comcast
ServerAdmin Systems
Chevron
Pfizer
Imbuyekezo Merck & Co.
Verizon
Inkampani yeCoca-Cola
Disney
Idepho yasekhaya
ExxonMobil
Iqela leZizwe eziManyeneyo
AT & T
Intel
Ibhanki yaseMelika
Iprocter kunye neGamble
Mastercard
WalMart
UJohnson kunye noJohnson
JPMorgan Chase
ivisa
EBerkshire Hathaway
zamagama
Amazon
iapile
Microsoft