Mingaphi iminyaka ekufuneka unikele ngayo ukuqokelela ezona pension zisezantsi?

Xa umzuzu wokuthatha umhlala-phantsi usondela, amathandabuzo okuqala avela malunga nokuba ingaba siza kuba negalelo na kwiminyaka eyoneleyo ukuze sifumane ipenshoni enikelwayo. Le nyani iya kuvelisa ukuba kwiminyaka yegolide sinokuthembela kumvuzo oqhelekileyo unyaka nonyaka wokuhlangabezana neendleko zeemfuno zethu. Ukulahla oku kubalulekile, UNondyebo Wokhuseleko Loluntu Iya kukubonelela ngolwazi lonke malunga nenqanaba lomsebenzi. Ukuza kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba uyazi ngokunyaniseka okupheleleyo ukuba uza kuzonwabela ezi mali kwaye uphantsi kweyiphi imali. Kwimeko yamathandabuzo, awuzukukhetha kodwa ukunxibelelana nalo mzimba ukuze ucaciswe ngokuchanekileyo.

Kulula kakhulu kuqala ukuba ucacise ukuba zeziphi ipenshini ezinikelwayo kwezo zingafakwanga. Kungenxa yokuba iindlela zabo zahluke ngokupheleleyo kwaye inyani yokuba awukwazi ukufikelela kwezokuqala ayizukukuthintela ekubeni ube ngumamkeli wezinto ezingenagalelo. Ngenxa yokuba olu khetho luya kuxhomekeka kwifayile ye- iminyaka oyicaphuleyo kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakho okanye kwikhondo lomsebenzi. Ayothusi into yokuba umahluko kwiimali ubaluleke kakhulu xa ixesha lokuthatha umhlala-phantsi lisiza kuwe kwilizwe lomsebenzi.

Ewe, ipenshoni enegalelo zizibonelelo zoqoqosho kwaye unikezelo lwalo luxhomekeke kubudlelwane obusemthethweni ngaphambili noKhuseleko lweNtlalo. Apho ungasayi kuba nasinye isisombululo ngaphandle kokubonelela ngexesha elincinci lokufaka. Ngonaphakade ukusuka kwiminyaka eli-15 yenkxaso kwimbali yakho yonke enxulumene nomsebenzi. Ngelixa ngokuchaseneyo, ipenshini enganikeliyo yahlukile kuba akuyi kuba yimfuneko ukuba ube nayo kucatshulwe ngaphambili. Ungazifumana ungakhange usebenze kubomi bakho bonke.

Ubuncinane bemali yepenshoni

Inqaku lomdla omkhulu liya kusekelwa kwinto eya kuba yeyona mida iphantsi oya kuyifumana xa eli nqanaba lobomi bakho lifika. Ngeli xesha, ubuncinci bepenshini bunxulunyaniswa nemigaqo yokuhlaziywa kwepenshoni yonyaka. Kwiiveki nje ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo isixa sayo siphinde sahlaziywa ukuze abo bathathe umhlala-phantsi bajongane nokunyuka kwamaxabiso aboniswe kwisalathiso sexabiso sabathengi (CPI). Enye into ekufuneka uyithathele ingqalelo yile zisasazwa ngeentlawulo ezili-14 zenyanga. Oko kukuthi, izinto ezingaphezulu ezimbini oza kuzibiza kwinyanga kaJuni nangoDisemba kwaye ziya kwenziwa njengeentlawulo ezingaqhelekanga.

Ngale ndlela, uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali luka-2018 lubandakanya ukuhlaziywa kweepenshoni nge-0,25% kwaye, ukongeza, amanyathelo amatsha ajolise kuwo nyusa ezona pension zisezantsi ziyakuchaphazela malunga nabantu abazizigidi ezi-6 abadla umhlala-phantsi Ukusuka kule meko, iSebe lezeMali libala ukuba umyinge wokunyuka kwepenshini encinci, ngokunyuka kwama-250 euros kunye nokufikelela kwi-12.040 euro. Ngokunyuka okuphakathi kwe-100 yeerandi. Ukuziqhelanisa kuya kuthetha ukonyuka kwe-3% kwimali yomhlala-phantsi esezantsi. Ngelixa ngokuchaseneyo, ipensheni yomhlolokazi iya kunyuka nge-2%, oko kukuthi, ipesenti enye yenqaku elingaphantsi. Ukuze ngale ndlela, bafumane imali eyi-450 ye-euro ngaphezulu ngonyaka.

Ukuba ipenshini ayinakufikelelwa?

Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kukho imfuneko ebalulekileyo yokuqokelela olu hlobo lweepenshoni ezisemthethweni. Ayikho enye into ngaphandle kokuba ube negalelo kwiminyaka eli-15 emsebenzini wakho okanye kubomi bobungcali. Ukuba oku ibingeyiyo imeko yakho, awuyi kuba nelungelo lokufumana le ngeniso. Nokuba ngumhlala-phantsi omncinci nokuba unganikela kangakanani na kwezinye iintlobo zokuqinisekiswa. Kule meko ikhethekileyo, awunaso esinye isisombululo ngaphandle kokubhenela kwipenshini enganikeli mali, eyenziwa phantsi kweeparameter ezahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo kwaye engenanto yakwenza naleyo ubuyicwangcisile kwasekuqaleni.

Ngale ndlela, ipenshini engenagalelo ithwala umrhumo opheleleyo oyi-5136,6 euro minyaka le. Nangona unemali enokugqitha kwaye iyi-1284,15 euro ngonyaka. Isixa esenzelwe abantu ababonelela ngezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Kuya kufuneka ubene ubuncinci beminyaka engama-65 kwaye onokuyimangalela kuyo nanini na ebomini bakho.
• La Uya kuba nokuhlala ngokusemthethweni eSpain. Ixesha elincinci lokuhlala. Ezimbini kuzo, ezimbini zazo kufuneka ukuba zaziphambi kwangoko phambi komhla wesicelo sepenshoni engahambisaniyo kwaye ngaphandle kophazamiso.
• Kuya kufuneka uswele ingeniso. Ngale ndlela, uya kudityaniswa kweli qela loluntu xa umvuzo wakho wonyaka ungagqithi kwi-5.136,60 euro.

Ubudala bomhlala phantsi

Kuya kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uthathe ingqalelo kubudala obunjani onokuthi wonwabe xa uthatha umhlalaphantsi. Ewe, eli xesha li Kusebenza iminyaka engama-67 kunye neminyaka engama-37. Ungayenza le nkqubo kwiminyaka engama-65, nangona uqokelela ipenshoni, oko kukuthi, i-100%, kuyakufuneka ngokupheleleyo ukuba uneminyaka engama-38 kunye neenyanga ezi-6 zemirhumo. Kuba ukuba akunjalo, isixa-mali siza kwehla kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nokubala kwangaphambili. Ayothusi into yokuba imeko yakho ayizukunelisa kangako ukuba ukhetha ukuhambisa ixesha elibekiweyo. Ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba kuvavanye ukuba kulungile na kuwe ukuba wenze le ntshukumo kwimeko yomsebenzi wakho ukusukela ngoku.

Kwelinye icala, awungekhe ulibale ukuba ungakulungela ukufumana izibonelelo zokungaqeshwa ngaphambi kokuba kufike ixesha lokuba uthathe umhlala-phantsi. Olunye lweempawu zale meko kukuba lixesha ohlawulisa ngalo ukungaqeshwa Iya kuba kukucaphula ngesikowuteshini oya kuthi uyiqokelele kwiminyaka embalwa kamva. Ngandlela thile, le yinto ihlala isenzeka nge-ERE ukuba indawo elungileyo yeenkampani zeli lizwe ziyasebenza. Yindlela eyamkelweyo ngabasebenzi ukuze ekugqibeleni babe kwimeko entle yokufumana ipenshini elungileyo kwiminyaka yabo yegolide.

Ukuqhubela phambili kwendodla

Ewe akunjalo, ukuba ufuna ukufumana ipenshoni encinci, awuzukukhetha kodwa ube negalelo iminyaka emininzi ebomini bakho bokusebenza. Okukhona zininzi, kokukhona kuya kulunga ngakumbi kwiminqweno yakho. Phakathi kwezinye izizathu kuba kuya kubandakanya isixa sepenshini esifuna kakhulu. Ngobungakanani obuya kuhamba kuxhomekeke kwiminyaka esetyenzisiweyo. Ukusuka kule meko ngokubanzi, uya kuba nomdla kubomi bakho bomsebenzi obandiselwa amanqanaba aphezulu. Ngokubhekisele kubasebenzi abaziqeshileyo, kuyakudinga ukuba kule minyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakho bokusebenza isekwe kwisiseko esibanzi segalelo. Ayiveli kubuncinci be-euro ezingama-300 abanye babasebenzi abazisebenzelayo.

Kananjalo ayinakulityalwa ukuba enye yeemfuno zokuba uthathe ipenshini ukusukela ngoku isekwe kwinto yokuba kuya kufuneka unikele okungenani iminyaka emibini kule minyaka ili-15 idlulileyo. Eli nqaku libalulekile kwinqanaba lokuba kukho abanye abasebenzi abahlala bewutyeshela lo mba. Ayothusi into yokuba inokwenza enye ingxaki yokuqokelela umhlala-phantsi. Ke ngoko, kulunge kakhulu ukuba uyithathele ingqalelo le nto ngexesha lokugqibela lobomi bakho bokusebenza. Ukuze ungakwazi ukudlala into eyadlulayo ngexesha elibi kakhulu kubudlelwane bakho nehlabathi lomsebenzi. Ngaphandle kwezinye izinto zobuchwephesha ukubala ukuba umhlala-phantsi wakho uza kuba yintoni xa uthe wayeka ukusebenza.

Olunye uqwalaselo lokuvavanya

Ukuba awufuni iingxaki ezigqithileyo xa ujongene nomhlalaphantsi, kuya kufuneka ubuze imibutho esemthethweni ukuba yeyiphi eyona nqanaba uyiyo malunga neminyaka yokufaka igalelo. Iti iya kunika ubalo olusondeleyo lwezinto oza kuziqonda ngaloo minyaka. Ukuze ukwazi ukukhetha awona manqanaba achanekileyo okuphelisa ubomi bakho bokusebenza ngaphambi kokuqokelela ipenshoni. Ngomnye umthambo, ukufuna iinkonzo zearhente kuya kuququzelela lo msebenzi ngesiphumo esinokwanelisa kakhulu kulindelo lwakho.

Ukuba nangasiphi na isizathu, ufumanisa ukuba ipenshini oza kuyithatha incinci, uhlala unelungelo lokukhetha isicwangciso somhlala-phantsi esiya kuthi senze ingeniso engaphezulu kweli nqanaba elitsha lobomi bakho. Ngale mveliso yezemali banokufumana imbuyekezo kulondolozo lwakho malunga ne-3% okanye i-4%. Yintoni eya kukunceda ukuba ukhokele umgangatho wokuphila ofanelekileyo ngomzuzu wokugqibela womhlala-phantsi. Lulawulo onokuthi ulwenze ngokusesikweni kwii-equities okanye kwingeniso esisigxina. Kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ozibonisayo zenqanaba njengomhlala phantsi. Ke, ngokuxhomekeke kwiprofayili oyivezileyo njengesaver.

Le yinto ekufuneka uyenzile ukuba ufumanisa ukuba uza kuba nemali encinci yomhlala-phantsi eza kukuthintela ukuba uphile ngaphandle kweengxaki ezigqithileyo. Ukuze ubale, ukongeza kumhlala-phantsi wakho, ngengeniso evela kwesi sikhokelo sentshukumo esinokuthi sonke sisebenzise ithuba leminyaka embalwa ngaphambili. Ukuze ngale ndlela, umvuzo wenyanga uphume ngamandla athile kwaye awunyanzelekanga ukuba uhlawulele umhlala-phantsi omncinci oya kuba ngaphezulu nje kwe-euro ezingama-600 ngenyanga. Kulunge kakhulu ukuba uyithathele ingqalelo le nto ngexesha lokugqibela lobomi bomsebenzi wakho.