Baninzi abatyali mali abaphezulu ababethelela ukubuyiswa kweNifty kuluhlu lwama-35% ukuya kuma-60%. Benze inzuzo enkulu kwiminyaka yabo yamava kwiimarike zesitokhwe. Kuya kufuneka ukuba bavelise imbuyekezo ephantsi okanye baphulukene nemali esitokisini.
Ngeentsuku zam zokuqala zotyalo mali, andizange ndenze nzuzo kuba ndandityala imali esitokisini emva kokumamela ingcebiso yesitokhwe evela kubarhwebi (kunye nababizwa ngokuba ziingcali zejelo leTV).
Lishishini lakho. Wonke umntu ovela kwindlu yomrhwebi ukuya kwiiwebhusayithi zezezimali kwiingcali zejelo zikamabonakude kukwenza ukholelwe ukuba ukutyala imali esitokhweni kuyintsokolo njengenzululwazi yerokethi. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ukuba uyakwazi ukukhetha isitokhwe wedwa, uza kuyenza njani imali?
Bullish India Stock Ukutshintshiselana
Kodwa kuthekani ukuba bendinokuxelela ukuba kukho indlela elula nelula yokuchonga ezinye izitokhwe ezinkulu?
Iphepha elichazayo ukuba awusenanto oyifunayo: andikukhuthazi ukwenza nantoni na. Amagama ezenzo ezikhankanywe kweli nqaku zibonisa ukubonisa indlela yokwenza uhlalutyo. Yenza isigqibo sakho phambi kokuba utyale imali.
Unenzuzo kwimarike yemasheya ngohlalutyo lwakho ...
… Kwaye kweli nqaku, ndiza kuhamba ngendlela yenyathelo nenyathelo ekukhetheni izitokhwe ezinkulu kunye nendlela yokutyala imali kwimarike yaseIndiya ngo2020.
Amanyathelo ayi-7 otyalo mali kwiNtengiso yeStock eIndiya yabaQalayo
Makhe sijonge isikhokelo senyathelo ngenyathelo malunga nendlela yokutyala imali kwimarike yemasheya eIndiya.
Ukukhetha nokucoca iZenzo eziLungileyo usebenzisa iiMali
Khetha kuphela iinkampani oziqondayo
Jonga iinkampani ezinemingxunya ezinzileyo (ukhuphiswano)
Fumana iinkampani ezinamanqanaba asezantsi ematyala
Sebenzisa umlinganiso wezemali i-RoE kunye ne-RoCE ukuchonga izitokhwe ezifanelekileyo
Ulawulo oluthembekileyo, oluselubala nolufanelekileyo
Ukufumana ixabiso elifanelekileyo lokuthenga izabelo
Uyakwazi ukufunda ngokutyala imali esitokisini nge-Rs 10.000 yotyalo-mali.
Funda indlela kwaye uyisebenzise ngotyalo-mali lwe-10.000, ukuba wenza inzuzo engama-5000 kunyaka wokuqala kwaye indlela efanayo inokusetyenziswa kutyalo-mali lwe-Rs 10.00.000. ukufumana i-5.00.000 Rs. umvuzo kwixesha elizayo.
Ukufunda kubaluleke ngaphezu kokuphumelela
Iphepha elichazayo ukuba awusenanto oyifunayo: Iintshukumo ezikhankanyiweyo kweli nqaku ayisosiphakamiso sokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa. Sithatha njengomzekelo. Gcina imali esitokisini emva kokukhuthala kwakho.
Bangayilandela indlela yam nokuba banolwazi oluncinci okanye abanalo kwaphela lweengxelo zemali. Ndithembe, unokufumana isitokhwe esikhulu esinobukrelekrele obuncinci kunye nolwazi olusisiseko lweshishini.
Iindidi zotyalo mali
Ngaphambi kokuba ndichaze indlela yam inyathelo nenyathelo ekukhetheni isitokhwe, masiqale siqonde iindlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zokufumana inzuzo kwiimarike kwaye zeziphi kwezi ndlela zenziwa ngabona batyalo-mali baphambili kwihlabathi liphela ukuzenzela ubutyebi.
Commerce
Xabisa utyalomali
Uyaphazama ukuba ucinga ukuba ukurhweba kunye nexabiso lotyalo-mali yinto enye.
Ukurhweba kugxile ekwenzeni inzuzo rhoqo ngexesha elifutshane, ngaphandle kweenkomo zeebhokhwe okanye zebhere.
Ngexesha leemarike zenkomo, ukuthengisa kubandakanya ukuthenga ngexabiso eliphantsi kunye nokuthengisa ngexabiso eliphezulu ngexesha elifutshane. Kwiimarike eziwayo, benza inzuzo ngokuthengisa phezulu kunye nokuthenga okuphantsi, okwaziwa ngokuba kufutshane.
Kuba isitayile sokurhweba kubandakanya ukungena nokuphuma ngexesha elifutshane, ixesha lokugcinwa kwezabelo alikho ngaphezulu kwemizuzu embalwa okanye lusuku nje kuphela okanye, kwezinye iimeko, ubuninzi beentsuku ezimbalwa.
Abantu abaqhuba isitayile sokurhweba basebenzise izixhobo ezinje ngohlalutyo lobuchwephesha olusebenzisa izikhombisi ezintsokothileyo ezinje ngokuhambisa i-avareji, i-oscillator ye-stochastic ukuqikelela ukuhamba kwexesha elizayo kwexabiso lesitokhwe.
Apha ngezantsi kukho umfanekiso-skrini obonisa iitshathi zohlalutyo lobuchwephesha ukuqikelela ukuhamba kwexabiso lezabelo zebhanki ze-Axis.
Ukurhweba kunokuba yingozi (ilahleko enkulu) ngenxa yokungazinzi okukhulu kwamaxabiso ezabelo. Ukuba awunaso isicwangciso esicacileyo kwaye awukhawulezi ngokwaneleyo, ungaphelela kwilahleko enkulu, ucime yonke imali. Ukuba unomdla kurhwebo emva koko unokufunda indlela yokwenza urhwebo lwestokhwe lwangaphakathi eIndiya.
Intengiso izele yimizekelo yamadoda aphulukene nemali ngokuzivumela ukuba athengise.
Ndizamile ukurhweba kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo, ndenza ingeniso ye-Rs 10.000 ngosuku lokuqala kwaye ndaphela ndilahlekelwa ngaphezulu kwe-100.000 kwezi ntsuku zilandelayo. Ndisazi ukuba ukurhweba ayisiyonto yam ikhethekileyo.
Ndigxile kumandla am, Oko kukuthi, ukuphanda ngesitokhwe kunye nokugcina ixesha elide.
Xabisa utyalomali
UWarren Buffett uthi, "Ukuba awucingi ngokuba nesitokhwe kangangeminyaka eli-10, ungacingi nokuba ungasifumana isithuba semizuzu eli-10." Ngokutsho kwakhe, kuya kufuneka utyale imali kwiinkampani onokuzigcina ngonaphakade.
Olona thuba lukhulu abatyali-mali abalufumanayo ngokubamba isitokhwe kangangexesha elide yinzuzo yesahlulo, ukwahlulwa kwesitokhwe, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu kukunyuka okukhulu kwamanqanaba amaxabiso esitokhwe njengoko ishishini eliphantsi (kulawo masheya) likhula ngenzuzo kule minyaka idlulileyo.
Ezi stock zibizwa ngokuba "ziingxowa ezininzi" ngenxa yeembuyekezo ezininzi abazivelisayo ngexabiso lotyalo-mali lweengcali. Olunye uncedo olunika ixabiso lotyalo-mali ngorhwebo kukuba umntu angakwazi ukumelana nokuhla kwamaxabiso esitokhwe abangelwa ziziganeko zangaphandle okanye ukwehla kwezorhwebo ngenkolelo yokuba ixabiso lesitokhwe liza kuwa.Iya kuphila ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye avuze abatyali mali ngembuyekezo entle .
UWarren Buffet, umtyali mali wexabiso odumileyo ukuba wonke umtyali mali azenzele ubutyebi ngokutyala imali kwizitokhwe ezilungileyo nokuzibamba ixesha elide. Into oyibonayo kulo mfanekiso ngamandla okubumba ekudlaleni, okusisiseko sexabiso lotyalo-mali. Xa ubamba amasheya ixesha elide, kukhokelela ekukhuleni okubonakalayo okudala ubutyebi obukhulu.
Abantu abaqhuba ixabiso lokutyala imali basebenzisa uhlalutyo olusisiseko ukwenza izigqibo malunga notyalo mali kwisitokhwe. Kuhlalutyo olusisiseko, ukuhla kwamaxabiso emihla ngemihla akuhoywa, kodwa endaweni yoko kugxilwe ekufundeni ishishini elisisiseko seshishini, ishishini elisebenza kulo, iimali zalo, umgangatho wolawulo, nokunye okuninzi.
Ngelixa abantu abaqhuba urhwebo bajonge ukufumana i-10% ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwi-20% ibuye kwisitokhwe esinye kwaye bayithengise ukuze badlulele kwenye. Ngale ndlela unokwenza inzuzo kodwa ungaze wenze ubutyebi. Iithamsanqa zenziwa ngokutyala imali kwizitokhwe ezifanelekileyo kwaye uzibambe de ube wenza imali eninzi.
Izibonelelo zerhafu yengeniso
Ngokurhweba, ugqibela ngokuhlawula i-15% yexesha elifutshane lokufumana irhafu kuyo yonke into oyenzileyo ukusukela ixesha lakho lokubamba izabelo ngokuqinisekileyo lingaphantsi konyaka omnye.
Ngelixa, ngexabiso lotyalo-mali, irhafu yakho yokufumana irhafu yi-10%, nokuba inzuzo yakho zii-crore ze-100 zeerandi okanye i-Rs 100 xa unezabelo ngaphezulu konyaka.
"Ukwenza imali ezitokisini kufuneka ube nombono wokuzibona, isibindi sokuzithenga, kunye nomonde wokuzibamba." Kukho amawakawaka eenkampani ezidweliswe kwi-BSE (Sensex) kunye ne-NSE (Nifty). Ngaphandle kokuba uxhobile ngendlela onokuyisebenzisa ukucoca, uya kulahleka kulwandle lweenkampani.
Indlela yotyalo-mali endiza kwabelana ngayo nawe yeyokuba mna ngokwam ndiziqhelanise nokucoca izitokhwe ngaphambi kokuba ndityala imali kuzo.
Ixabiso lokutyalomali lulwandle ngokwalo, kwaye iingcali zalo zihamba ngenkqubo enzima yokuhlalutya izitokhwe ngokufunda iingxelo zezimali, iingxelo zonyaka, kunye nolunye ulwazi olwahlukeneyo olunxulumene nempilo yenkampani ngaphambi kokutyala.
Kodwa, ngokusekwe kwinto endiyifundileyo kule minyaka idlulileyo, ndithathe la manyathelo alula kunye nolusebenzayo asetyenziselwa ukuqalisa kwindlela yokukhetha isitokhwe nangaphandle kokuba nolwazi olunzulu lwemali. Ke ngoko, kuqwalaselo lwakho lokuqala, ungasebenzisa ezi ndlela zilula zokuphumeza ukhetho lokucoca ngaphandle ezo zinto zisisiseko zibonakala zomelele.
Inkqubo yokukhetha
Umzekelo, ngoncedo lwesixhobo sokuvavanywa kwesitokhwe sasimahla se-Equitymaster, ndiye ndafaka le ndlela yokukhetha ingentla ukucoca ezinye zezitokhwe ukuze ndiqwalasele okokuqala.
Ungawajonga amanye amanani aphambili ezemali njengenxalenye yeendlela zokukhetha ngokunqakraza kwiphepha ledatha lenkampani. Ukufunda ngakumbi malunga neeparameter endizisebenzisileyo kwiindlela zokucoca isitokhwe, ungabhekisa kweli nqaku malunga nemilinganiselo yezemali.
Inyathelo 2. Khetha kuphela iinkampani oziqondayo
Ngoku esekwe kwiNyathelo loku-1 ucofe isitokhwe esisisiseko esivela kuyo yonke i-junk, funda ngakumbi ngezi stock ngokufunda malunga nenkampani ephantsi kangangoko unakho.
Unokwenza oku ngokundwendwela iwebhusayithi yenkampani, ulandela uhlaziyo kumaqonga eendaba, Ukuhamba nenkampani, kunye nokufumana ingxelo kubanye abatyali mali. Ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nenkampani kuya kukunceda uqonde ishishini lenkampani kwaye ikunike iimpendulo kwimibuzo emithathu ephambili.
Ngaba ishishini lenkampani lilula?
Ngaba ndiyayiqonda imveliso / inkonzo?
Ngaba ndiyayiqonda indlela elisebenza ngayo ishishini nendlela eyenziwa ngayo imali?
Kubalulekile ukuba utyale imali kwiinkampani oziqondayo, ubuncinci kwinqanaba lokuqala xa ufunda ukwenza imali kwizitokhwe. Ngale ndlela uyakuqinisekisa ukuba awulahli mali.
Umzekelo, kwizitokhwe esizicocileyo kwinyathelo loku-1, ngendijonge kwizitokhwe zetekhnoloji ezinje ngeTech Mahindra, Vakrangee, kunye neMindtree Ltd.
Kungenxa yokuba, ndinamava omsebenzi abalulekileyo kwicandelo lobuchwephesha bolwazi kwaye ndiyayithanda itekhnoloji, eyenza kubelula kum ukuba ndiwaqonde la mashishini, izizathu zokukhula kwawo, kunye nokuqikelela ukuba ikamva liza kuphuma kanjani.
Kwangokunjalo, umzala wam uvela kwimvelaphi yamayeza kwaye ke kuya kuba lula kuye ukuba aqonde iintshukumo zelo candelo. Banokubakho amashishini amaninzi angafuni naluphi na uqeqesho ukuze aqonde konke-cinga iimveliso zabathengi njengezihlangu, i-shaving cream, iimoto, njl.
Umzekelo, kuluhlu lwakho lokucoca isitokhwe yinkampani yokuvelisa iivili ezimbini. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ube nolwazi ngeshishini leevili ezimbini ukuze wazi ukuba icandelo leevili ezimbini lihlala libonisa ukukhula eIndiya ngenxa yokunyuka kwemfuno kunye nokunxibelelana kwendlela okungcono.
Kwangokunjalo, xa icandelo lokuthengisa izindlu nomhlaba lalikhula e-India, iinkampani ezenza iithayile (Kajaria), sanitary ware (Cera) kunye nezinye iinkampani zenkxaso ezifanayo zazifikeleleka. Imodeli yeshishini lenkampani kuye kwafuneka ukuba ibe lula kwaye inkampani kuye kwafuneka ukuba imonwabise. Okokugqibela, ukuba awufumani sitokhwe (iinkampani) onokuziqonda kwangoko, thatha ixesha lokufunda inkampani kunye nomzi mveliso wayo.
Inyathelo lesi-3
Akonelanga ukufumanisa iinkampani eziye zaluphumelela uvavanyo lweenombolo zezimali kwaye iimodeli zeshishini lazo kulula ukuziqonda.
Kwigama leshishini, umngxunya sisixhobo esikhuphisanayo esinenkampani enye ngaphezulu kweshishini elinye. Ngokubanzi umjelo omkhulu, kokukhona inkampani inenzuzo enkulu yokukhuphisana kwaye iya izinza ngakumbi inkampani.
Oko kuthetha ukuba kuya kuba nzima kakhulu ukuba abo sikhuphisana nabo bayisuse loo nkampani kwaye babambe isabelo sayo sentengiso. Ngoku, leyo yistokhwe (inkampani) onokufuna ukuyikhetha kwaye utyale imali kuyo. Imizekelo yale moat inokuba ligunya lophawu, amalungelo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda kunye nelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza, iziphumo zenethiwekhi, imigaqo karhulumente elawula imiqobo yokungena, kunye nezinye ezininzi.
Umzekelo -I-Apple inegama elomeleleyo lophawu, amandla exabiso, amalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza, kunye neemfuno ezinkulu zentengiso ezinika umjelo obanzi osebenza njengezithintelo kwezinye iinkampani.
Akumangalisi ukuba iApple ikufutshane ekubeni yinkampani yezigidigidi zeedola kwaye ivelise inzuzo enkulu unyaka nonyaka, ikhupha imbuyekezo enkulu kubatyali mali bayo. Omnye umzekelo olula weempawu ezineemoats ezomeleleyo yiMaruti, Colgate, Fevicol enexabiso lememori elikhulu kwimemori yoluntu.
Ngenxa yenethiwekhi yabo enkulu yokuhambisa kwiindawo ezininzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kukarhulumente kwedijithali, kunganzima kakhulu ukuba umntu okhuphisana naye omtsha ukubasusa kurhwebo.
Akumangalisi ukuba amaxabiso esitokhwe anyuke ukusuka kwi-Rs 16 ngo-2010 ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-Rs 500 ngo-2017. (Qaphela: Amaxabiso akhoyo ngoku anganyuka esihla ngokusekwe kwiintlungu zexesha elifutshane kwiimarike)
Ke ngoko, jonga kwaye uchonge ezo nkampani ngeemoats ezomeleleyo kwiintsuku zokuqala.
Inyathelo 4. Fumana amanqanaba asezantsi amatyala
Amanqanaba amakhulu etyala abeka emngciphekweni omkhulu kwinkampani. Iindlela zokukhetha ezimbalwa esasizisebenzisa ukucoca isitokhwe yayingumlinganiso wetyala / ulingano kunye nomyinge wangoku.
Ezi zilinganiso zimbini zizalathiso zokuba inkampani ixhomekeke njani kwimali ebolekiweyo (ityala) ukuxhasa ukukhula kwayo kunye nokuba inkampani iyakwazi na ukuhlangabezana nezibophelelo zayo zexesha elifutshane.
Ke ngoko, xa isitokhwe sikhethiwe, ngaphandle kwale milinganiselo, kuya kufuneka kujongwe ukuba inkampani ililawule njani ityala layo kule minyaka idlulileyo. Inkampani ehlisa ityala layo iya kuzonyusa ngokuzenzekelayo iingeniso zayo, uphawu oluqinisekileyo kwimpilo yezemali yenkampani.
Iingcebiso ezilula zokujonga impilo yezemali:
Enye indlela yokwenza oku kukujonga kwakhona iphepha lomncono lenkampani apho uluhlu lwamatyala enkampani kunye namatyala exesha elide adwelisiwe. Ngokubanzi, ityala lexesha elide lityala elikhula emva kwexesha leenyanga ezili-12. Kwaye amatyala akhoyo ngoku kubandakanya ityala lenkampani ekufuneka lihlawulwe kungaphelanga unyaka.
Amashishini anamatyala exesha elide kakhulu ayakufumana kunzima ukuwahlawula la matyala, njengoko uninzi lweemali zawo zihamba zihlawula inzala, zisenza kubenzima ukusebenzisa le mali kwezinye iinjongo. Oku kubangela umngcipheko wokuzinza kwaye kunokukhokelela ekubhujisweni kwenkampani. Banokuyilandela indlela yam nokuba banolwazi oluncinci okanye abanalo kwaphela ngeengxelo zemali. Ndithembe, unokufumana isitokhwe esikhulu esinobukrelekrele obuncinci kunye nolwazi olusisiseko lweshishini. Iindlela zokukhetha ezimbalwa esasizisebenzisa ukucoca isitokhwe yayingumlinganiso wetyala / ulingano kunye nomyinge wangoku.