Ukuba abatyali zimali abakakhange bazilahle izikhundla zabo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, abanakukhetha kodwa kukunyamezela imvula. Kodwa kula manqanaba ayisengombandela wokutshintsha isicwangciso sotyalo mali. Yitshintshe nje ixesha lokuhlala, usiya kufutshane uye kweliphakathi kwaye ngakumbi ixesha elide. Njengesitofu sokuthintela ukuba singalahleki kakhulu kwipotifoliyo yezokhuseleko. Apho kuyacaca ukuba akukho maxabiso okusabela kwiimarike zezabelo. Zonke ziphantsi koxinzelelo olungazange lubonwe kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje.
Kule meko imfiliba, uninzi lwabatyali zimali abancinci nabaphakathi bayazibuza ukuba mabenze ntoni ngalo mzuzu kanye. Inkqubo ye- panic malunga coronavirus Ihambe ngakumbi nangakumbi kwiimarike zamashishini zamashishini ezingenanzala emisiweyo. Ukukhethwa kwintengiso yesitokhwe kuzwelonke kwehle nge-35% kwaye yenye yeempawu ezichaphazeleka kakhulu kule meko intsha. Ngelixa i-United States yeemarike zentengiso ziye zanciphisa ilahleko, ngokuhla kwama-27%. Kodwa uloyiko phakathi kwabasebenzisi bempahla kukuba izinto zinokuba mbi ukusukela ngoku.
Ngayiphi na imeko, zonke iingcali zezezimali ziyavumelana ngento enye: hayi ukwenza izigqibo ezizizo singazisola ngeenyanga ezimbalwa. Ngayiphi na imeko, esona siphumo sithe ngqo sokuba abatyali mali bazakuziva kukungabikho kwemali eninzi ngenxa yokungavali izikhundla zabo kwimarike yemasheya. Kwelinye icala, ayinakugwetywa ngaphandle into yokuba abona batyalomali banoburhalarhume bakhetha isigqibo sokuvula izikhundla kwisicwangciso esiliqili kunye nesicaphukisayo. Ke ngoko, zininzi iidilema ezivula ukusukela ngoku. Kwintoni eyenza impendulo entsonkothileyo ukuba ithathwe ngabasebenzisi.
Ukuthengiswa okufutshane kunqunyanyisiwe
I-National Securities Market Commission (CNMV) ibhengeze lo Lwesine ukuba ngemini yalo Lwesihlanu, ukuthengisa okufutshane kwizabelo zeenkampani ezingama-69 kuya kuthintelwa emva kokuwa okuboniswe kwiimarike zesitokhwe ngenxa yezehlo ezinzulu zobhubhane lwe-coronavirus entsha. Ngokukodwa, umphathi weemarike uxele kade ngoLwesine ukuba esi sigqibo siza kuchaphazela zonke izabelo ezingamanzi ezixabiso lazo lehle ngaphezulu kwe-10% ngexesha leseshoni ngolwe-Lwesine kwaye Izitokhwe ezingekho mthethweni ababhalise ukuwa ngaphezulu kwe-20%.
Isisombululo esamkelweyo siqale ukusebenza kwangoko xa sipapashwa kwiwebhusayithi ye-CNMV. Isigqibo sithathiwe ngokungqinelana neNqaku lama-23 loMmiselo (i-EU) 236/2012 lePalamente yaseYurophu kunye neBhunga, eligunyazisa amagunya esizwe afanelekileyo ukuba athintele okwexeshana ukuthengisa okufutshane kwimeko yokwehla okukhulu kwexabiso.
Isivumelwano sithathelwe ingqalelo kuthathela ingqalelo ukuvela kweemarike zesitokhwe kwimeko yemeko eyenziwe yintsholongwane ye-COVID-19, ebhalise ukuwa okungaqhelekanga kumaxabiso ezabelo zaseYurophu (-14,06% kwi-IBEX 35) ezininzi amaxabiso agqithisileyo kwiipesenti zomahluko ofakiwe kuMmiselo okhankanywe ngentla (i-EU) 236/2012 kunye nemigaqo yokusebenza kwayo. Ngokufanayo, umngcipheko wokuba kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezizayo kunokubakho ukungahambi kakuhle kwamaxabiso kwimarike yemasheya yaseYurophu, kubandakanya neSpanish. Ukuthengiswa okufutshane kukuchaziwe kwinqaku 2.1.b loMmiselo okhankanywe apha ngasentla (i-EU) 236/2012.
Ngokuchanekileyo kwezi ntsuku, uninzi lwamaxabiso esizwe ahlaselwe kukuthengisa ngetyala kwaye ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile kube noxanduva lokuwa okunzulu kwezi veki, ngakumbi ezo zangoLwesine ezishiyeke phantse nge-15%.
I-stock market panic: linda ulinde
Owona mthetho ulumkileyo ukhuthazwa ziingcali zezemali kukuba kufuneka unyamezele isaqhwithi esifumanekayo kwiimarike zezabelo. Okwangoku asinakukhetha ngaphandle kokuthatha le nyaniso kwaye silinde imeko ukuba itshintshe ngokukhawuleza. Ngale ndlela, enye yeengcebiso zabantu abaza kuthengisa izabelo zabo kukuba azimiswanga ngokusemthethweni "ngexabiso lentengiso". Kungenxa yokuba banokubulawa ngexabiso elingathandekiyo kwimidla yabasebenzisi besitokhwe. Isizathu kungenxa yokungazinzi okukhulu okufunyanwa ziimarike zezabelo. Ngokukhululwa oko fikelela kwi-10% kwiseshoni efanayo yorhwebo.
Kwelinye icala, kuya kufuneka ushiye kwimigqaliselo emifutshane apho uhlala uphulukana nayo yonke into ngenxa yamaxabiso asezantsi azo zonke izabelo kwimarike yemasheya. Ke ngoko, isisombululo sihamba tshintsha isicwangciso-mali ukuyalathisa kwiminyaka eliqela ebonwayo. Kodwa oku akunakwenzeka kwabanye abatyali mali ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo: ukunqongophala kwemali, iintlawulo ezingxamisekileyo, amatyala okanye nasiphi na esinye isehlo sasekhaya. Kule meko, isisombululo siya kuba nzima ngakumbi kuba akunakubakho olunye ukhetho ngaphandle kokwenza umsebenzi ombi ukusukela ngoku.
Abatyalomali ngokuhlawula amatyala
Kungcono kakhulu kubasebenzisi abangamanzi ngokupheleleyo kwiakhawunti yabo yokonga. Kungenxa yokuba banokufunyanwa ngamathuba okwenene eshishini ngokunikezela ngamaxabiso esitokhwe anokuthathwa njenganomtsalane ngokwenene. Ngezaphulelo xa kuthelekiswa neeveki ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo eziphakathi kwama-30% nama-40%. I-Santander ithengisa kancinci ngaphezulu kwe-euro ephindwe kabini, I-Telefónica ejikeleze i-4 euro kunye neRepsol kwi-euro ezingama-7, ukubiza nje imizekelo embalwa efanelekileyo.
Kule meko, inzuzo yotyalo mali iqinisekisiwe. Mhlawumbi hayi kwixesha elifutshane, kodwa kwixesha eliphakathi kwaye ngakumbi ixesha elide. Ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba kwezinye iimeko inokugoba okanye nokuba Inzala kathathu zotyalo-mali. Njengengxenye elungileyo yabahlalutyi kwiimarike ze-equity bathi, le misebenzi akufuneki ukuba ithathelwe ingqalelo njengothelekelelo, kodwa njengotyalo-mali. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, yintsingiselo yokwenene yale ntshukumo kwiimarike ezinkulu. Kwaye ngale ndlela, lithuba elihle lokuthenga izabelo kwimarike yemasheya kwaye ngaphandle kokuqhubeka nokuwa kwiintsuku okanye kwiiveki ezizayo.
Ngaba ufikile umnqophiso?
Esinye sezitshixo zokuseka isicwangciso esiza kulandelwa kukwazi umzuzu wokubanjwa. Kuba iya kuba yifayile ye- inqaku le-inflection kwiimarike ze-equity kwaye xa amaxabiso esitokhwe aqala ukuphuma. Kubonakala ngathi sele sisondele kakhulu kula manqanaba okanye kusenokungafuneki ukuba silinde ixesha elide. Kule meko ngokubanzi, ukhuseleko lwabakhenkethi bathengisa ngamaxabiso amangalisayo, besaphula imeko yeyona meko imbi. Ke ngoko, banokuba ngabo babuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kwaye banokubanakho ukuphinda bavavanye yenye yezona zibalulekileyo kwezi minyaka idlulileyo.
Ngelixa kwelinye icala, umzuzu wongxowankulu unokuhamba kunye nokwehla kwamaxabiso ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10%. Njengesandulela sokugqibela kwenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokuwa kwimbali yentengiso yezabelo kwihlabathi liphela. Kwaye oko kungathatha i-Ibex 35 ukuya kumanqanaba kufutshane kakhulu namanqaku angama-5000Oko kukuthi, ngokulungiswa kwama-50% kumaxabiso ekupheleni kukaFebruwari. Yeyiphi imali abatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi abaphulukene nezikhundla kwezi ntsuku zixakekileyo kubo bonke abemi. Ngokusebenzisa imeko engazange ibonwe kwaye akukho namnye umntu owayebala kwiiveki nje ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo.
Umngcipheko weemveliso eziguqukayo
Elona cebo lililo lotyalo-mali lokusebenzisa eli thuba libukhali ziimveliso eziguqulweyo. Zombini ekuthengweni nasekuthengisweni kwezabelo kwimarike yemasheya, njengakwezinye iimodeli zezemali: Utyalomali mali, iiCFD, ke ezo ziqinisekiso, phakathi kwezinye zezona zibalulekileyo. Kodwa ngomngcipheko omkhulu wokufikelela kula manqanaba kwizicaphulo kuba utshintsho kwindlela enokubakho ngayo nangaliphi na elinye ixesha. Ngale ndlela, kuyingozi enkulu ukuthatha isikhundla kule mveliso kuba ekugqibeleni iziphumo zinokungafuneki. Ukuba akunjalo, ngokuchaseneyo, inokuthi ekugqibeleni ivelise iingxaki ngakumbi kunenzuzo.
Akunakulityalwa ukuba iimveliso eziguqulweyo ziyifomathi yotyalo-mali eyonyusa ukungazinzi kwiimpahla zezemali. Kwaye ke unokufumana imali eninzi kwimisebenzi nganye, nangona ungashiya ii-euro ezininzi kwiimarike ze-equity. Ngeemida eziphakathi kwe-10% kunye ne-20% kwiseshoni enye yorhwebo kwaye zigcinelwe kuphela abatyali mali abanesimo esinoburharha kwaye ngakumbi apho uqikelelo lukhona khona xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zotyalo-mali. Kungoku nje kwezi ntsuku uninzi lwamashishini ezabelo ezilinganayo ahlaselwe yintengiso ngetyala.