Kwaziwa njenge "Iphiramidi yolawulo oluphezulu lweemfuno zabantu" Iphiramidi kaMaslow.
UAbraham Maslow (1908-1970), esebenzisa ukubonakaliswa kwepiramidi, wachaza ulawulo olunokubakho lweemfuno zabantu.
Wayeyingcali yeengqondo enefuthe elingaqhelekanga kwinkulungwane yama-XNUMX, ngokukodwa kwisiqingatha sayo sesibini.
Uyaziwa ngokuba ngomnye wabameli abadlulayo kumbutho wezengqondo zabantu. Ixabiso elithile lokuba wayengumsunguli okanye ophambili wokukhuthaza okwangoku.
Kule nzulu-lwazi, ukufumanisa kunye nokufundwa kwemicimbi enxulumene nokukhula komntu kunye nokuziqonda komntu kwakuyinto exhalabisayo.
UMaslow wayekholelwa ekubeni bonke abantu banomnqweno wemvelo wokuziqonda ngokwabo, igama elinokuthi lichazwe njengokufezekiswa kweminqweno yabo ngeendlela zabo.
Ucebise ukuba umntu ahambele phambili ukuze afezekise ukuziqonda kwakhe ukuze abe yile nto afuna ukuba yiyo.
Ithiyori kaMaslow ngumsebenzi onomdla onxulumene nomhlaba wengqondo apho iimfuno zabantu zibekwa khona okanye zilungelelaniswe ngendlela yobupolitika, iphakamisa indlela eya kuthi yaneliswe ngayo iimfuno.
Njengezichaseneyo nale ngcamango, inokubonwa ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-50 yokuziphatha kwengqondo. Kule nto umntu wayethathelwa ingqalelo njengomntu ongacacanga, ophendula rhoqo kwisikhuthazi.
Ngenxalenye yalo Uvavanyo lweengqondo wabona umntu njengomntu ongenakuzikhusela, ebekwe ngothotho lweengxabano ezingaziwayo.
Kungoku nje kulo mongo ukuba imeko yangoku ye-humanistic psychology ivela. Ezizame ukwenza indibaniselwano yezi paradigms zimbini, i-psychoanalysis kunye nokuziphatha, ngaloo ndlela kuphuhliswa isayikholoji yenkqubo esisiseko.
Kwithiyori yakhe uMaslow wakwazi ukunxulumana nokuziphatha, uhlalutyo lobuchwephesha bengqondo kunye nesayikholoji yobuntu.
Kwindawo esezantsi yepiramidi ezona mfuno zisisiseko zabantu ziya kubekwa, zilandelwe zezinye iintlobo zeminqweno kunye neemfuno ezinkulu okanye eziphezulu, zonke ngokulandelelana okunyukayo zikhangela phezulu kwiphiramidi.
Ku-odolo lokuqala kuya kufuneka banelise iimfuno zomzimba, zilandelwe kukhuseleko, ukudibana, ukwamkelwa kunye nokuzaliseka kweemfuno, konke ngokulandelelana.
Imilo yephiramidi yokumela okanye yokuchaza le ithiyori yindlela ebalaseleyo yokuchaza ngokuchanekileyo ulawulo oluphezulu lweemfuno zabantu, ngokwe-Maslow.
Kulula ukuyiqonda ukuze ukwazi ukujonga kuphela ezo zidingo ziphezulu okanye ziphezulu ukuba ezo zamanqanaba asezantsi zisonjululwe.
Amandla okukhula aya kuvelisa intshukumo ephezulu kwiphiramidi, ngemikhosi yokuphinda uyichase kwaye uyityhale ezantsi.
Ukujonga ngolu hlobo ithiyori ngokukhawuleza nangokufutshane, sinokuyishwankathela ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.
Ezo mfuno sele zonelisekile emntwini azizukukwazi ukuvelisa nayiphi na indlela yokuziphatha, kuphela ezo zingonelisekanga ziya kuba nakho ukuphembelela ngokuziphatha. Izidingo zomzimba ziya kuzalelwa nomntu, oko kukuthi, ngomzuzu wokuza emhlabeni; ezinye iimfuno ziya kuvela kuhambo lobomi.
Ukuze umntu akwazi ukulawula ezo mfuno zolona hlobo lusisiseko, ziya kubonakala ziphakamileyo. Isidingo sokuziqonda ngokwakho asizukubonakala kubo bonke abantu, oku kuyakuba loloyiso lohlobo lomntu ngamnye.
Umjikelo wenkuthazo omncinci okanye omfutshane uya kufuneka ukwanelisa iimfuno ezisisiseko. Ngokuchasene noko, ukoneliseka kweemfuno eziphezulu kuya kufuna umjikelo omde.
Iindidi zeemfuno
Iziseko
Ezi zezo mfuno ziya kuthi zivumele umntu ukuba aphile, iimfuno ezisisiseko.
Phakathi kwazo kukutya, ukuphefumla, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi, ubushushu obaneleyo bomzimba, ixesha lokulala - ukuphumla kunye nokupheliswa kwenkunkuma yomzimba.
Khu seleko
Ukhuseleko lomzimba Oko kunokuchaphazeleka yimfazwe, usapho okanye obunye ubundlobongela, iintlekele zendalo, ukungabikho kwendawo yokukhusela kwimozulu. Konke oku kubangela uxinzelelo kunye namava abuhlungu kumntu ngamnye.
Ukhuseleko lwezoqoqosho leyo ichaphazeleka kwintlekele kwinqanaba likazwelonke okanye lehlabathi, ukunqongophala kwengqesho.
Ukhuseleko lwezixhobo, ezinje ngokuba nemfundo eyaneleyo, ezothutho kunye nempilo.
Ezentlalo
Eli linqanaba elihambelana neemvakalelo, ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu, intlalo, kunye nesidingo sokuba ngowakho.
Zizidingo ezomeleleyo ebuntwaneni, ezinokuthi zibe nkulu kuneemfuno zokhuseleko ngelo xesha.
Ukusilela kweli nqanaba kunokukhokelela kwimpembelelo kumandla omntu wokugcina ubudlelwane bezentlalo kunye nokwenza ubudlelwane obaneleyo beemvakalelo. Ezi mfuno ziya kuba yile Ukwamkelwa koluntuuthando, uthando; Intsapho; Uthathe inxaxheban, Oko kukuthi, ukubandakanywa kweqela kunye nokuhlangana ngakumbi Ubuhlobo.
Yixabise
Kuya kubakho iintlobo ezimbini zeemfuno zokuxabisa, enye ibe phezulu kwaye enye iphantsi. Ukuba ezi zidingo azonelisekanga ngokwaneleyo, ziya kuba zichaphazela ukuzithemba komntu, ukubanakho ukuvelisa ubunzima obuphantsi. Ukuba banelisekile ngenye indlela, baya kuba nakho ukufikelela kwinqanaba elilandelayo, ukuzazisa.
Ukulinganisela kubalulekile ukuzithemba, kubalulekile ebantwini.
IMaslow ijolise kwiindidi ezimbini zeemfuno kule ndlela, ephezulu nephantsi, eya kuthi ixhomekeke kubuntu bento nganye.
Uhlobo olubekekileyo oluphakamileyo, iya kungqinelana nesidingo sokuzihlonela, oko kukuthi, ukuzihlonipha. Apha iimvakalelo ezinje ngenkululeko, ukuzithemba, impumelelo, ukuzimela phakathi kwabanye ziya kucaciswa.
Ixabiso eliphantsi Iya kudibana nembeko yabanye abantu. Iimfuno zoqwalaselo, ukwamkelwa, isidima, isidima, iwonga, uxabiso, udumo, uzuko njl.
Ukuziqonda
Eli iya kuba lelona nqanaba liphezulu le iphiramidi, ukuzazi.
Eli nqanaba liya kubhekisa kwelona liphezulu linokubakho emntwini, kwaye ukuziqonda ngokwakho kunokufezekiswa ngokufikelela kobo buchule.
Iya kuba ngumnqweno wokufezekisa konke oko umntu anokukwenza ukufezekisa. Ungajonga okanye ubone le mfuno ngendlela ethe ngqo. Omnye umntu, umzekelo, unokuba nomnqweno onamandla wokuba ngumzali ofanelekileyo. Omnye umntu unokuba nenjongo yokuba ngumdlali weqonga ophezulu, okanye wokufumana impumelelo ebonakalayo kubuchule kwicandelo elithile.
Nje ukuba zonke ezinye iimfuno zoneliswe, umntu unokuthathela ingqalelo kwaye afezekise ukuzaliseka, ukufumana imvakalelo yobomi kunye nokukhulisa amandla onako ukukwazi.
Ithiyori kaMaslow igxekiwe Ngaba isasebenza?
Kwincwadi eyapapashwa ngo-1976 nguMahmoud A. Wahba noLawrence G. Bridwell, ingcamango kaMaslow yahlaziywa ngokubanzi.
Aba babhali bathi bafumene ubungqina obubi bokuba ipiramidi iyafana nale ichazwe ithiyori ikhona. Bathetha ukuba ulonwabo lunobuninzi bokuthobela kwaye luzimeleyo kwiimfuno.
Kwakhona ngo-1984, wazichaza njengo-ethnocentric, kwinqaku elithi "Ukuhambelana kwenkcubeko kumgangatho wobomi", ngendlela uMaslow anike ngayo iimfuno, engaguquguquki kuzo zonke iintlobo zenkcubeko kunye noluntu olukhoyo, ngokwe ababhali beli nqaku. I-hypotheses kunye neenkcazo ezichaziweyo zithathwa njengezithandabuzisayo, zenza ukuba ithiyori isilele kwisayensi, yiyo loo nto yenza ukuba kube nzima ukuyifunda.
Olunye uhlobo lokugxeka olwafunyanwa ithiyori lwalunxulumene nomba wokuba isampulu ebisetyenziswa ekuqaleni kofundo ibincinci kakhuluYongezwe koku, uMaslow ebekhetha izifundo ezithile ezizodwa zokwenza uphando, ebangela ukuba isifundo singabinanjongo.
Kutshanje, olunye uphando belunikezela ngenkxaso kuluhlu olucetywe nguMaslow ngelo xesha.Nangona kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba kukho imfuneko yokuba uluvo olo luhlaziyiweyo ukuze lukwazi ukubonisa ngendlela ehambelanayo nenenjongo kwiimfuno zobomi bangoku okanye banamhlanje.
Ngo-2010 kwenziwa iinzame zokuphucula ithiyori, kupapashwa inguqulelo entsha yayo., kubandakanya amanqanaba asixhenxe ngokuchasene neyantlandlolo enamanqanaba amahlanu kuphela.
Kule meko, amanqanaba amane asisiseko ayafana nalawo acetywayo nguMaslow, nangona utshintsho olukhulu lubonwa kumanqanaba aphezulu. Elona nqanaba liphezulu lwenguqulelo yokuqala lisuswe, elihambelana nokuziqonda ngokwakho.
Abanye bayavuma ngokomgaqo kunye nohlobo oluhlaziyiweyo, kodwa abanye babona ubunzima ekuphelisweni kokuziqonda, bekujonga njengesidingo esisisiseko sokukhuthaza.
Olunye usetyenziso lwethiyori
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ithiyori yePyramidi kaMaslow iye yagxekwa kwaye kukho ukungqubana okuthile kuyo, kuyinyani yokuba ibaluleke kakhulu kwicandelo lesayikholoji, nangakumbi ibibalulekile kwezinye iinkalo ezinje ngentengiso, ezemidlalo okanye imfundo.
Kule nkalo yokugqibela, efundisayo, ithiyori inokusetyenziswa xa kufundwa umntwana ngeempawu zakhe zemvakalelo, zomzimba nezentlalo; ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo. Ngokwazisa umfundi ngeengxaki zokufunda ezahlukeneyo, kunokwenzeka ukuhlalutya nokusondela kulo mbandela ukuqala kwingxaki yeemfuno ezisisiseko ezinokuthi zivele ekhaya.
Kwimiba enxulumene nentengiso kwaye sele ikumhlaba wezorhwebo, ithiyori inokusetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa iimfuno ezinokuthi zibonelelwe ziimveliso ezithile, ukuququzelela ukufundwa kwamaxabiso abo, njl.
Kubasebenzi kukho nesicelo, kuvavanywa iimfuno zamaqela abasebenzi.
Ukuba kuqondwa ngokufanelekileyo ukwanelisa ezi mfuno, kukholelwa ekubeni kuyenzeka ukuba kwenziwe izicwangciso zokwandisa imveliso kunye nokuphumeza ngokubanzi ukuphucuka nokugqwesa kwimeko yokusebenza ekhoyo kwindawo enikiweyo.