La Ipenshoni yomhlolokazi, kunye nomhlala phantsi, yeyona ihlawula kakhulu eSpain. Kodwa ababaninzi abazi iinkcukacha zale nzuzo inegalelo. Umzekelo, ngaba uyazi ukuba umfi ngokwakhe kufuneka ahlangabezane nothotho lweemfuno ukuze amkelwe? Okanye ukuba ufumana umvuzo ongaphezulu kwesixa esithile semali, kuyenza ingafaneleki ukuba ufumane ipenshoni yomhlolokazi?
Ukuba siluvulile uluvo lwakho kwaye ufuna ukucacisa izimvo malunga nale nto, apha ngezantsi siza kukunika lonke ulwazi ekufuneka uluthathele ingqalelo malunga nalo.
Ithini ipenshini yomhlolokazi
Ipenshoni yomhlolokazi iqondwa njengesibonelelo esifunyanwa ngabasindileyo abanobudlelwane bomtshato okanye bomthetho oqhelekileyo nomfi, ukuba nje bobabini bahlangabezana uthotho lweemfuno.
Ngamanye amagama, ipenshini yomhlolokazi ngu imali oyifumana ngenyanga xa esi sibini siswelekile. Kodwa, njengoko noKhuseleko sele selumkisa, uthotho lweemeko kufuneka zifezekiswe ukuze ube ngumxhamli wazo.
Ngubani onelungelo lokufumana ipenshoni yomhlolokazi?
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, zininzi abantu abanokuba ngabaxhamli bepenshini yomhlolokazi. Zezi:
- Iqabane lomtshato. Oko kukuthi, umntu osaphilayo xa kuthelekiswa nalowo ubhubhileyo kwaye ebenobudlelwane naye, nokuba wayengumlingane oqhelekileyo okanye umtshato osemthethweni.
- Umlingane wasekhaya. Kuba kuchaziwe apha ngasentla.
- Baqhawule umtshato okanye bohlukene.
- Abantu abanomtshato ongenanto (ngaphandle kokuwutshitshisa, ungafumana ipenshoni yomhlolokazi).
Nangona kunjalo, bonke kufuneka bahlangabezane noluhlu lweemfuno, njengakwimeko yomfi ngokwakhe.
Izinto ekufuneka zifezekiswe ngumfi
Masiqale ngomntu ongasekhoyo. Ukuze elinye ixhoba lifumane ipenshoni yomhlolokazi, kufuneka ndicaphule iintsuku ezingama-500 kule minyaka mi-5 idlulileyo, okoko ukusweleka kwenzeka ngenxa yokugula okuqhelekileyo (ukuba kungenxa yengozi okanye isifo emsebenzini, le mfuneko ayicelwa.). Kwimeko yokungabhaliswa kuKhuseleko lweNtlalo, ipenshini iya kuthathela ingqalelo ukuba baya kuba negalelo kwiminyaka eli-15.
Ngokunjalo, uya kunikwa kwakhona ukuba ebenomhlala-phantsi othatha umhlalaphantsi okanye okhubazekileyo ngokusisigxina, isibonelelo sokukhubazeka okwethutyana, ukubeleka, ukubeleka, okanye umngcipheko ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye lokuncancisa.
Iimfuno ekufuneka lihlangane nexhoba ukuze lifumane ipenshoni yomhlolokazi
Kwimeko yexhoba, oku kulandelayo kuyimfuneko ukufumana ipenshini yomhlolokazi:
Yiba nabantwana ngokufanayo okanye, ukuba akukho namnye, ukuba umtshato yayihlala unyaka omnye ubuncinane. Isenokuba yimeko yokufumana ipenshini ekubuyiseni kwimeko yabantu abahlukene okanye abaqhawule umtshato ukuba abanamtshato mtsha okanye iqabane lomthetho oqhelekileyo.
Kukho amatyala amabini:
- Ukwahlukana noqhawule umtshato. Ukuba ziphambi kuka-2008, imfuneko yomhlala-phantsi ohlawulelwayo iyasuswa (kuya kwenzeka okufanayo ukuba bangamaxhoba obundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesini).
- Izibini enyanisweni. Kuyacelwa ukuba umanyano lube yiminyaka emibini ubuncinci, luhlalisane ngokuzinzileyo ubuncinci isisihlanu, kwaye umvuzo wakho awukho ngaphezulu kwalowo ungasekhoyo, kwaye awumele i-25% yeyunithi yosapho xa kukho akukho bantwana.
Okokugqibela, imeko yemitshato ichazwe njengengasebenziyo. Ngethuba nje omnye umntu engatshatanga kwakhona, unokufumana ipenshini yomhlolokazi ebalwa ngokusekelwe kwixesha oye nalo mntu.
Uhlawuliswa malini ngokuba ngumhlolokazi
Ngokutsho koKhuseleko lweNtlalo, ipenshini yomhlolokazi ilingana ne-52% yesiseko solawulo sabo baswelekileyo, i-60% kwimeko yabantu abangaphezu kwama-65 eeuros abangenalungelo lokufumana enye ipenshini okanye umsebenzi, nokuba kungokusebenza okanye kuqeshwe uziqeshile. Ewe kunjalo, kufuneka bathobele ukuba ingeniso evela kwinkunzi ehambisekayo kunye nearhente yokuthengiswa kwezindlu kunye nengeniso yabo ayidluli kwi-euro ezingama-7569 ngonyaka.
Kukho iimeko ezithile apho I-70% yomhlala-phantsi yomhlolokazi inokufikelelwa, xa umntu osaphilayo enabantu abaxhomekeke kusapho okanye xa kunguye kuphela umthombo wengeniso.
Kwelinye icala, kwimeko yoqhawulo-mtshato okanye eyahluliweyo, apho kukho abaxhamli abaliqela, kuya kubakho ukubalwa ngokulinganayo ngokwendlela abahlala ngayo naloo mntu ungasekhoyo, kuhlala kuqinisekisa ama-40% eziseko zolawulo.
Isishwankathelo, imali yokuba ngumhlolokazi (kuthintelwe ngumthetho (iRoyal Decree 46/2021, kaJanuwari 26)), isixelela:
- Ngaphantsi kwama-60s: 522,50 euro ngenyanga kunye ne-7.315,00 euro ngonyaka.
- Abantu abaphakathi kwe-60 kunye ne-64 yeminyaka ubudala: i-645,30 i-euro ngenyanga kunye ne-9.034,20 ye-euro ngonyaka.
- Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala okanye ngaphezulu okanye ukukhubazeka okungenani ama-65%: i-689,70 i-euro ngenyanga kunye ne-9.655,80 ye-euros ngonyaka.
- Abantu abaxhomekeke kuye: € 797,91 ngenyanga kunye ne-17.460,37 iyonke ngonyaka.
Umqokeleli ongumhlolokazi uqokelela phi kwipesenti yomyeni wakhe
Ngokubona kwethu, kucacile ukuba umhlolokazi uyakufumana Ipenshoni yomhlolokazi yokuphulukana nomyeni wakhe ngama-52% ngesiqhelo. Nangona kunjalo, loo pesenti inokunyuswa iye kuma-70% ukuba iyahlangabezana neemfuno ezenza ukuba kwande.
Ngamanye amagama, ukuba unabantu abaxhomekeke kusapho, ipenshini yomhlolokazi kuphela komthombo wengeniso kwaye umvuzo wonyaka awudluli kwi- € 17.460,37. Kwimeko apho, isibonelelo siya kunyuswa siye kwi-70% yayo.
Ngaba ipenshoni yomhlolokazi kunye nenye ipenshini ingalandwa? Okanye umsebenzi?
Umbuzo wabaninzi ngowokuba ingaba ipenshoni yomhlolokazi yenza ukuba kungabi lula ukufumana olunye uhlobo lwenzuzo yemali. Kodwa ngokwenene akunjalo. Inkqubo ye- ipenshini iyahambelana ngokupheleleyo nengeniso oyifumeneyoOko kukuthi, ngokuba nomsebenzi owufumanayo umvuzo ekupheleni kwenyanga; Kukwanjalo nakwipenshoni yomhlala-phantsi kunye nokukhubazeka okusisigxina.
Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko yomtshato wesibini, ukugcina ipenshini yomhlolokazi kwenza kube nzima ukufumana enye ipenshini elinganayo ngenxa yokusweleka kwelungu kumtshato omtsha.
Njengoko ubona, ipenshini yomhlolokazi inamanqaku athile abalulekileyo anokuba ngawona abangela ukuba imali yohluka, nokuba iyafunyanwa okanye ayifumaneki. Ngokwenyani, ukuba unamathandabuzo, ukubonisana noKhuseleko lweNtlalo kunokucacisa izinto kuba ungabeka ityala elithile ukuze bakunike impendulo.