Njengoko umahluko uphezulu, uyakuchaphazela ukwehla kwemali engenayo esisigxina kuba iimarike zesitokhwe zihlala zithambekele ekuphuculweni kokuwa okubukhali. Ngale ndlela, umahluko webhondi yaseSpain ngokubhekisele kwibhanti yaseJamani okwangoku ngamanqaku angama-76, into ethanda ukutyala imali kwimarike yesizwe. Kwaye yinto ebaluleke ngakumbi ngenxa yokungazinzi okwenzekileyo kumazwe anobunzima obukhulu ngaphakathi kwi-European Union, njengakwimeko ethile I-Itali neSpain uqobo.
Ipremiyamu yomngcipheko yenye yezoqoqosho eziguquguqukayo wonke umntu athetha ngazo kwaye bambalwa abayiqondayo. Ngayiphi na imeko, ilandelwa ngokubanzi ngabatyali mali kuba ibanika ulwazi olungaqhelekanga malunga neenjongo zeemarike zezemali. Akumangalisi ukuba yimali eyongezelelweyo ebonelelweyo kutyalomali ngokusekwe kwinqanaba lomngcipheko ekufuneka bewenzile. Okwangoku, ipremiyamu yomngcipheko waseSpain ikumanqanaba angama-76 amanqaku. Kodwa sithetha ntoni kanye kanye esi sicatshulwa? Ewe, ibonisa umgama wenzuzo phakathi kwetyala laseSpain nelaseJamani. Ngokuchanekileyo inqaku lesalathiso lelaseJamani kuba lelona libonelela ngokhuseleko ngakumbi kubatyali mali kwaye ke lisebenza njengemodeli yamanye amazwe ezwekazi laseYurophu.
Ngale ndlela, ngelixa ibhondi yaseJamani (bund) ukuya kwiminyaka eli-10 ehlawula ngoku inzala kufutshane ne-0,520%, iSpanish iyenza nge-1,281%, kwaye umahluko ovela kulo msebenzi uza kunika amanqaku angama-76 apho ipremiyamu yaseSpain ikhoyo ngoku. Ipremiyamu yomngcipheko ibaluleke kakhulu kunokuba ungacinga ekuqaleni. Ayisiyo ithemometha kuphela yokuphuhlisa isicwangciso sotyalo-mali kwingeniso esisigxina, kodwa nokuvula okanye ukuvala izikhundla kwiimarike zesitokhwe. Kuzo zombini iimeko, kuya kuxhomekeka kwinqanaba eliphawulwe zezi zikhundla.
Impembelelo kwintengiso yesitokhwe
Impembelelo yokuqala eya kuba nayo kutyalo-mali iya kubonakala kwizikhundla kwimarike yemasheya. Nangona ipremiyamu yomngcipheko ayinxibelelananga ngokusondeleyo kule marike, izehlo zayo zingaphezulu kokumangalisayo. Ngesizathu esilula kakhulu sokuba abatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi baqonde. Nini ukuqinisa umahluko (njengoko kunjalo eSpain) iya kuba luphawu olucacileyo lokuba kukho ukuzithemba kuqoqosho lwelizwe. Kwaye le ntengiso yeemarike idluliselwa kwangoko kwimarike yemasheya, ngokonyuka okuxhaphakileyo kuyo. Kanye njengokuba ukusasazeka kubangelwe, ivelisa isiphumo esichaseneyo kwaye ihlala imbi kakhulu kule marike.
Ngokubanzi onke amazwe anomahluko ngaphezulu kwama-250 nama-300 amanqaku esiseko baneengxaki ezinzulu kakhulu kwii-indices zesitokhwe. Ngoxinzelelo olunamandla lokuthengisa ngenxa yokungathembeki kwiimarike zezemali ngenxa yobuthathaka boqoqosho lwabo. Ngaphandle kokubuya okungaphezulu okanye okungaphantsi kokufika kwexesha okuya kuthi kuncede ekuhleleni izikhundla ngamaxesha anzima kakhulu kwii-equities. Kodwa nakweyiphi na imeko, kukho idinomineyitha ecace gca kwaye yile yokuba lo mahluko ubanzi uya kuba nefuthe elibi kwiimarike zezabelo.
Impembelelo kumvuzo osisigxina
Kwelinye icala, iimpembelelo zayo kwingeniso esisigxina zichazwe ngakumbi. Esi sizathu singenxa yokuba ukuba ipremiyamu yomngcipheko ikhululekile, ivelisa ukuzithemba okukhulu kwicala labatyali mali malunga nexabiso letyala loluntu. Ngelixa likwimeko echaseneyo, ipremiyamu iyenyuka, ixabiso lebond liwela kwixabiso. Oko kukuthi, inzala engaphezulu ihlawulwe. Le meko ichaphazela inxenye elungileyo yemali eqingqiweyo yotyalo mali kunye nakwiimodeli ezixubeneyo ezisekwe kwezi asethi zemali. Ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kakhulu baphulukana nenxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yexabiso labo. Ngumzuzu kanye apho kuya kufuneka ukujikeleza ipotifoliyo yezemali ukunqanda ilahleko ekubeni ifakwe kwingxelo yengeniso yabathathi-nxaxheba kwezi mveliso zezezimali.
Elinye icandelo ekufuneka livavanywe kwipremiyamu yomngcipheko kukuba iibhanki zigqibe ekubeni zinyuse imali inzala yemali mboleko nawo nawuphi na umgca wekhredithi. Ngelixa ezona mveliso ziphambili zilungiselelwe ukonga (iidiphozithi zexesha, amanqaku ezithembiso zebhanki okanye iiakhawunti ezinesivuno esiphezulu) zinokuntywiliselwa kumazinga enzala angakhuphisani kangako kunoko. Kanye njengoko inyanzela oorhulumente ukuba banyuse irhafu ngenxa yeengxaki ezinkulu ezithi mazizenzele ngokwazo imali. Enye yeziphumo zezi zenzo kukuba abasebenzisi baya kuba namandla amancinci okonga ukujongana notyalo-mali lwabo.
Ungalukhusela njani utyalo-mali?
Kule meko yoqoqosho, iyantlukwano kwimarike yemasheya ivumela ilahleko ukuba zincitshiswe kwezona meko zingathandekiyo kwiimarike zezemali. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, enye yeenjongo eziphambili zakhe nawuphi na umtyali mali, ukongeza yenza uninzi lweeasethi zakho zobuqu, Khusela isikhundla sabo kwiziganeko ezinokwenzeka kwiimarike zemali.
Kubalulekile ukuvelisa inzuzo kwimarike yemasheya njengoko kunjalo nokugcina imali oyityalileyo ikhuselekile. Utyalo-mali kwizabelo akukho ntsebenzo yalo naluphi na uhlobo eqinisekisiweyo, hayi nokulinganiselwa. Kodwa ngokuchaseneyo, kuya kuxhomekeka kwinto ekufuneka yenziwe ziimarike. Ngayiphi na imeko, ngothotho lwamacebo otyalo-mali, iinjongo zinokufezekiswa.
Ukwahluka okukhulu kutyalo-mali
Ewe kunjalo, enye yeendlela zokupheka ezisisiseko zokubonelela ngokhuseleko olukhulu kutyalo-mali kwimarike yemasheya isekwe enkulu ezahlukeneyo kwiphothifoliyo yezokhuseleko. Oko kukuthi, endaweni yokukhetha inkampani enye edwelisiweyo, esona sigqibo sihle iya kuba kukwakha ibhasikithi elungelelanisiweyo yokwenene yezabelo. Oku kuthetha into elula njenge ungawaphindi amacandelo, imigca yeshishini okanye nokuba ungazifumana ii-indices. Iya kuba sisicwangciso esiliqili esisebenzayo ngaphambi kokufika kwezona meko zibi kwii-equities. Ukuza kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba ilahleko enkulu kakhulu kwi-equity iya kuthintelwa kwaye nokonga kwabasebenzisi kuya kuba semngciphekweni nangaliphi na ixesha.
Enye inkqubo ivela kwizixhobo ezibonelelwa ziimarike. Kule meko, imelwe ziiodolo ezinikwe igama ukuyeka ukulahleka o Umda welahleko. Njengoko igama libonisa, baya kuthintela ukuwa kubundlobongela. Kuba iya kuba ngumtyali mali ngokwakhe oya kumisa ilahleko ngokuxhomekeke kwiprofayili ayivezayo njengomtyali mali omncinci nophakathi. Esi sisicwangciso esiliqili sokugcina isitokhwe siphantsi kolawulo. Ayilolize, kuya kuhlala kulunge ukushiya i-3% kune-15% kumaxabiso ezokhuseleko.
Thatha ithuba lokungazinzi
Isicwangciso sesithathu esiya kuthi sinike ukungqinelana okukhulu kutyalo-mali kukusebenzisa izixhobo ezibonelelwa luhlalutyo lobuchwephesha ukuze uzikhusele ekuguqukeni kweemarike zezemali. Ngale ndlela, elona nyathelo lilungileyo abanokuthi bathathe kulo abatyali mali liya kuvela kwizikhundla zokuvula ukusuka phezulu. Umngcipheko wokwenza impazamo uya kuba usezantsi kakhulu kwaye uya kuba sisixhobo esinamandla kakhulu sokukhusela kwiimeko ezingafunekiyo ezichaphazela imarike yemasheya. Ngenxa yokuba i-inertia yeemarike kukuqhubeka nokunyuka.
Kwelinye icala, inkqubo ethi ingaze isilele kwimarike yemasheya kukuvula izikhundla kukhuseleko oluye lwaphula ukuxhathisa kobukhulu obuthile. Phakathi kwezinye izizathu, kuba iya kuyicoca indlela yokufikelela kumanqanaba amaxabiso aphezulu kunangaphambili. Kubonakala kuloo nto Inzala kwintengiso kwintengo iphezulu kunentengiso. Kuzo zombini ezi meko, ayizukuba nzima ukwenza imisebenzi ibe yinzuzo, ubuncinci ukuba ijolise kwelona xesha lifutshane njengesiphumo seemeko zokhuseleko ezihamba kule meko. Apho ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, elona nani liluncedo kukuphakama simahla kuba akusekho miqobo endleleni. Ukuba nohambo oluphakamileyo oluphezulu kuba akukho mida yokubeka ixabiso layo. Lelinye lamaxesha apho inzame yokwenza iiasethi zinenzuzo zingenakuphoswa kuba umngcipheko umncinci.
Khangela iimveliso eziguquguqukayo
Okungabalulekanga kangako kukukhangela imveliso eguqukayo enokuziqhelanisa neemeko ezintsha zeemarike zezabelo. Ayinamsebenzi ukuba esi sicwangciso sikhethekileyo asinakusetyenziswa ekuthengweni nasekuthengisweni kwezabelo kwimarike yemasheya. Yiloo nto i iimali zolawulo ezisebenzayo kwaye ivumela ukuziqhelanisa nayo nayiphi na imeko, kokubini ukunyusa kunye nokuhamba. Kungenxa yokuba abaphathi bajonge ezona asethi zibalaseleyo zezezimali, nokuba zivela kwingeniso emiselweyo okanye kwezinye iindlela. Enye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokufumana imozulu kwezona meko zingazinzanga kwiimarike zezemali.
Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwimarike yemasheya, kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kunzima kakhulu kwaye kubandakanya ukukhetha ukhuseleko olunamanzi oluvumela ukuba ungene kwaye uphume kwiimarike ngamaxabiso owafunayo. Ngaphandle koloyiko lokufumana ikhonkco kubo. Oko kukuthi, ngokuxabisa kwixabiso elikude kakhulu ekuthengeni kwakho.