Waziwa kubo bonke abatyali mali njengoSuper Mario kwaye oye wanobunzima obuninzi kuguquko lweemarike zezabelo kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Umxhasi ngezimali wase-Italiya uza kutshintshwa njengentloko ye-ECB ngumphathi wangaphambili we-IMF I-Chistine lagarde. Ekugxothweni kwakhe e-ofisini, uye wabhekisa kwingqesho yakhe kwiziko loluntu kangangeminyaka esibhozo ngaxeshanye esithi ugxininise imfuneko yokuba amazwe oluntu enzele nzulu uhlengahlengiso lwezemali ukuze aphume kwingxubakaxaka yezoqoqosho.
Kwelinye icala, uSuper Mario uza kungena ezantsi kwimbali yokuba noxanduva lokunciphisa amaxabiso ngokulandelelana kunye neendlela zokuthenga iiasethi ezingahambelaniyo nokuzama ukuvuselela uqoqosho kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso kwemali enye. Kwaye oko kukhokelele kuphononongo kwiimarike zokulingana kwindawo yoluntu. Ngaphandle kobuthathaka obuboniswe kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo, imida yenzuzo iye yehla kakhulu, ngakumbi kwizabelo zebhanki.
Ngale ndlela, kwanele ukukhumbula ukuba xa uMario UDraghi uthathe amanyathelo abukhali kwaye isicwangciso esichazwe ngasentla siphelelwe lixesha la Uqoqosho lwe-Eurozone lwadodobala kwakhona. Oku kwenzeke ekupheleni konyaka ophelileyo kwaye emva koko akakwazanga ukunyusa izinga lenzala njengoko wayefuna. Ukuza kuthi ga esiphelweni kuye kwafuneka ibhengeze isicwangciso esitsha esiza kwenziwa kwezi veki zizayo, kunye nokusika inqanaba lediphozithi ukuze kubeneziphumo zale meko yokudodobala kwezoqoqosho kumnyango wendlu encinci kunye nabatyali mali abaphakathi.
Amanyathelo eDraghi: izaphulelo kwiirhafu
Alithandabuzeki elokuba uza kungena ezantsi embalini njengomntu onoxanduva lokwenza lo manyathelo angakhange abekho kwimbali yamazwe aseYurophu. Ngale ndlela, kufuneka sikhumbule ngakumbi ukuba ngalo mzuzu amaqondo wenzala asekhona umhlaba ongathandekiyo kwaye bacinga ukuba okokuqala ezimbalini ifakwe kumanqanaba asezantsi kangako. Oko kukuthi, ixabiso lemali okwangoku alisebenzi ngokupheleleyo nayo yonke into eboniswa ngulo mali.
Lo mbandela wenzakalise abagcini ngenxa yokuba iimveliso zebhanki zekota azivelisi kangange-0,5%. Njengamanqaku ezithembiso zebhanki okanye iidipozithi zexesha elimisiweyo ezingaqeshisi nayiphi na imali kubanini bezi modeli zokonga zisisiseko kuyo nayiphi na ibhanki. Ngelixa ngokuchaseneyo, abatyali zimali baba ngabona baxhamli balomlinganiso njengoko kuthengiswa imali eninzi kwimisebenzi eqhutywa kwiimarike zezabelo. Ukuza kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba izitokhwe kwihlabathi liphela zibonise iinzuzo ezinkulu kule minyaka idlulileyo. Ngokukodwa, phakathi kwe-2012 kunye ne-2017 nge-avareji kunye nengeniso yonyaka ye-7%.
Gcina i-euro
U-Mario Draghi, inene, wayengumyili wezakhiwo ze gcina i-euro ngaphezulu kwezinye izinto eziqwalaselweyo kumgaqo-nkqubo wezemali we-euro. Ngale ndlela, umlinganiso wakhe wokuqala wegunya lakhe yayiyinkqubo UkuThengiswa kweMali ngokuthe ngqo (i-OMT) evumela ukuthengwa kweebhondi ezizimeleyo ukuvumela ukuba oorhulumente bamazwe abacele uncedo kwiNgxowa-mali yozinzo yaseYurophu bangaxhaswa. Esi sicwangciso silungele ukugcina iibhondi zingawi kwiimarike zezemali, njengoko yonke into ibonakala ngathi ibonisa iminyaka embalwa edlulileyo.
Akumangalisi ukuba, uya kuhlala ekhunjulwa ngenjongo yakhe yokugcina i-euro ikhuselekile kwisiphithiphithi sentengiso. Kwaye ukuya kwinqanaba elikhulu okanye elincinci, ukufezekisile oku kwiminyaka apho ukuhlala kwakhe kumzimba olawulayo waseYurophu kuye kwahlala khona. Inxalenye elungileyo yeendlela zabo zokupheka zoqoqosho ziye zajoliswa kwesi sicwangciso kuqoqosho loluntu, kwaye ngaphandle kokugxekwa ngabanye babameli bezemali. Ngayiphi na imeko, yile nxalenye yemigaqo-nkqubo yabo eya kuthi iye ezantsi kwimbali ye-European Union (EU). Ukugcina imeko yemali eyahlukileyo kuleyo yegama layo eUnited States. Ngeziphumo ekubonakala ukuba zahlukile kwezinye iimeko.
Ukulungisa imeko yezoqoqosho
Alithandabuzeki elokuba enye yempumelelo yakhe enkulu kukwenza ilifa ibhanki esembindini ephenjelelwe yindlela yoluleko yee-80s kunye nee-90s kwaye iyisondeze kwimodeli yeFed eMelika. Ngaphandle kokuba nomgaqo-nkqubo owahlukileyo ngokubhekisele kumaxabiso enzala kwaye oko kube sisiphumo sokugxekwa ngabanye abahlalutyi bezemali. Ngale ndlela, ibiyinto ebalulekileyo ukuze uqoqosho kwilizwekazi elidala lilandele umkhondo wokubhabha kwalo ukusukela malunga no-2012. Kukhokelela ekukhuleni okuhle kakhulu kuqoqosho lwamazwe e-European Union. Ngokunyuka kwe-GDP phakathi kwe-1,9% kunye ne-4% kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zoqoqosho eYurophu.
Kwelinye icala, asinakho ukulibala ukuba u-Mario Draghi wayengumlinganiswa ekuye kwafuneka ukuba ajongane necandelo lokugqibela lobunzima bezoqoqosho obuye bavela ngo-2008. Ukuza kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokwenza izigqibo ezinobungozi kwaye kwagxekwa kakhulu kumanqanaba athile oqoqosho. . Kananjalo nokuba ungumgqugquzeli wokuthatha indawo ebalulekileyo kwindlela yokuqonda umgaqo-nkqubo wemali kwi-ECB. Nangona oku kuye kwanyanzeleka ukuba yenzakalise iimfuno zabasindisi baseYurophu. Kwimeko ngokubanzi ebonakaliswe ngokungathandabuzekiyo inzima kakhulu kuzo zonke iindawo zokujonga.
Uxanduva lohlaziyo
Amagcisa enkqubo amchaze njengomntu obaluleke ngokukodwa kwikamva lommandla we-euro. Ngokuvuma ukuba "u-Mario Draghi uyakukhunjulwa njengoqoqosho olungileyo, umkhulu wase-Europe kunye nembali enkulu yase-Italiya." Kodwa nangothotho lwabaphikisi kwimigaqo-nkqubo yakhe yemali ebanzi, ngakumbi kwezona ziko zisuka eJamani, ngakumbi ngakumbi kwimeko yengqonyela yakhe, Angela Merkel. Nangona ngenjongo yokwenza uhlengahlengiso olubuhlungu kodwa nolwakhiwo njengoko lwamkelwe ngabahlalutyi abafanelekileyo beemarike zezemali. Ngayiphi na imeko, ebengenguye umlinganiswa ongaziwayo. Hayi kangako.
Kwelinye icala, uqoqosho lwase-Italiya ekugqibeleni lunoxanduva lokuthengisa iimarike ngokugcina imeko inyukayo kwaye kude kube kutshanje. Ngubani ongakukhumbuli ukungenelela kwakhe ngoLwesine kwaye yintoni ekhokelele kwiibhola zaseYurophu ezinokuqina okunamandla ekupheleni kweseshoni yorhwebo. Ngombulelo kumaxabiso aphakathi kwe-2% kunye ne-3% kwaye loo nto ivele ukuba yaziwa njengegama likaSuper Mario. Ngomlingo ogcwele amazwi akhe kwiimarike ze-equity. Ngale ndlela, iya kuhlala ikhunjulwa ngabatyali zimali abancinci nabaphakathi kuba abanye babo bekwazile ukuvelisa inzuzo enkulu ngexesha labo.
Amanyathelo okuqala okuphumla
Ewe, enye yeempumelelo zakhe ezinkulu ngokungathandabuzekiyo ibe ngamanyathelo okuqala okususa ubungakanani- QE-namanye amanyathelo abekekileyo azisiwe kwintengiso. Kwizihlandlo ezininzi njengemvelaphi yokunyuka okukhulu okuthe iimarike zezabelo zabona kweli xesha linzima kakhulu kwi-European Union. Ukusuka kule ndawo yokujonga kunokuthiwa bayoyika ukungachaneki ukuba ukusebenza kukaMario Draghi kuye kwaba kuhle kakhulu kubo bonke abatyali mali, ngelixa ngokuchaseneyo bekukubi kubasindisi. Oko kukuthi, kubasebenzisi abafuna ukwenza ulondolozo lwabo lube nenzuzo kwiidipozithi zebhanki zexesha elizinzileyo, ematyaleni oluntu kunye nezinye iimveliso zezezimali ezinempawu ezifanayo.
Nangona isigwebo kwizenzo zalolu hlobo kwi-EU kuya kufuneka sinikwe xa kudlule iminyaka embalwa. Ngokukodwa, xa sele kuqinisekisiwe ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni ngengxaki yezoqoqosho esele ikhona kumakhaya abemi baseYurophu. Nangona kwesi sihlandlo, i-Italiya ayisayi kubakho ukuthatha amanyathelo okuthintela iziphumo zayo. Nabalandeli bakhe nabagxeki bakhe. Kuzo naziphi na iimeko, akukho mathandabuzo ukuba uyahamba ngeli xesha njengebhanki yokuqala esembindini engakwaziyo ukunyusa amaxabiso kulo lonke ixesha lakhe, kodwa nanjengomyili wentetho leyo kuthintele ukuwa kwendawo ye-euro. Into eya kukhunjulwa ngayo ixesha elide.
Ngexesha elinzima kakhulu kuqoqosho lwale ndawo ibalulekileyo yoqoqosho. Ngokubhekisele kwisalathiso esikhethiweyo sezabelo zaseSpain, i-Ibex 35, iyishiya kumanqanaba aphakathi kwamanqaku angama-9.000 kunye nama-9.400. Ipesenti ethi, ngaphandle kokungaqhelekanga, kufuneka ihlelwe njengelunge ngokuphakathi kwimidla yabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi. Ngazo zonke izehlo ekufuneka kuthengisiwe kwimarike yemasheya, hayi eyelizwe kuphela kodwa nezo zamazwe akungqongileyo. Njengenxalenye yelifa lalo mlinganiswa.