Ukugqalwa kwemali kuye kwakho kwisaphulelo kwisiqingatha sokuqala salo nyaka emva kweminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo kwabakho uvakalelo yehla kwinkqubo yokuchitha. Ngenxa yoko kuya kusiba mandundu kwezinye zeedatha zoqoqosho olukhulu lwaseSpain. Nangona iindaba ezimnandi zivela kwinto yokuba ezi ntlobo zeenkqubo zomthetho zisonjululwa ngempumelelo kwimidla yeenkampani. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba amanani abonakala ngathi abonisa ukuba utshintsho luyenzeka.
Kule meko ngokubanzi, inani labanamatyala ngokungabinamali lifikelele kwi-1.648 kwikota yokuqala ye-2019, emele a Ukunyuka kwe-1,7% ngokubhekisele kwangeli xesha linye lonyaka ongaphambili, ngokweedatha zamva nje eziqokelelwe liZiko leSizwe leeNkcukacha-manani (i-INE) ngeNkqubo yoBhengezo yokuBhanga (i-EPC) kwikota yokuqala yalo nyaka. Ngohlobo lokhuphiswano, i-1.558 yayingamavolontiya (i-2,1% ngaphezulu kwekota yokuqala ye-2018) kwaye i-90 yayiyimfuneko (5,3% ngaphantsi). Ukuthathela ingqalelo uhlobo lwenkqubo, eziqhelekileyo ziye zehla ngama-33,0%, ngelixa ezimfutshane zonyuke nge-6,2%.
Kwabali-1.648 abatyala amatyala kwikota yokuqala, I-1.147 ziinkampani (abantu abanomsebenzi weshishini kunye nabantu abasemthethweni) kunye nabantu abangama-501 ngaphandle kwemisebenzi yeshishini, emele i-69,6% kunye ne-30,4%, ngokwahlukeneyo, kubo bonke abanamatyala. Inani leenkampani ezigqithileyo lenyuse i-4,0% kwikota yokuqala ye-2019 ngokuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo. Ngokwefomu yezomthetho, i-81,0% yeenkampani ezibhengezwe njengongenamali ziinkampani ezinamatyala amancinci. I-32,9% yeenkampani ezibhengezwe njengongenamali zikwicandelo eliphantsi levolumu yeshishini (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-250.000 euro) kwaye ikakhulu ziinkampani ezinamatyala amancinci.
Iinkampani zamatyala ezinabasebenzi abambalwa
I-26,1% yeenkampani zibhengeze njengongenamali njengezorhwebo njengeyona nto iphambili kwezoqoqosho kunye ne-14,1% kwezinye iinkonzo, ngokweenkcukacha ezisemthethweni ezenziwe yi-INE. Ngokumalunga nenani labasebenzi, i-53,2% yeenkampani zizonke ezibhengezwe njengongenamali zingaphantsi kwesithandathu. Kwaye, phakathi kwezi, i-29,2% ayinabasebenzi. I-22,2% yenani lilonke leenkampani ezibhengezwe njengongenamali kwikota yokuqala uneminyaka engama-20 okanye nangaphezulu ubudala. Ngokwabo, i-22,8% ineminyaka emine okanye ingaphantsi ubudala. I-28,4% yeenkampani ezibhengezwe njengongenamali ngeminyaka emine okanye engaphantsi yamandulo zikwicandelo lezorhwebo. Ngokwabo, i-55,3% yabangabinamali kunye ne-20 okanye ngaphezulu kweminyaka yobudala inikezelwe kurhwebo nakumashishini nakwizamandla, ngokwengxelo esemthethweni.
ICatalonia kunye noLuntu lwaseMadrid zenza i-47,1% yamatyala onke ndibhubhile kwikota yokuqala ye-2019. Ngelixa, i-Extremadura ibonise ukwehla okukhulu ngonyaka kwikota yokuqala (-42,1%) kunye ne-Illes Balears inyuke kakhulu (92,6%), ngokweenkcukacha zakutshanje eziqokelelwe kwiZiko leSizwe Iinkcukacha-manani (INE). Enye yezona datha zichaphazelekayo zichazwe kule ngxelo yaseburhulumenteni zihlala kwinto yokuba ngo-2019 ireyithi yekota yi-10,7%, lelona xesha liphezulu liqwalaselweyo.
Iinkampani zeSitokhwe ezichaphazelekayo
Olunye ulwazi lubonisa ukuba ngokweRegistry yaBaphicothi zincwadi zoBulungisa kunye nezoPhando (RAJ) zeZiko labaChwepheli abaChongiweyo baseSpain, Iipesenti ezingama-90 zeenkqubo zokungabinamali eSpain ziphela ngokupheliswa. Ngelixa ngokuchaseneyo, malunga ne-70% iqukumbela kuba akukho zixhobo zaneleyo kwiinkampani ezinokupheliswa. Ukuze ujongane neentlawulo kubabolekisi. Kwinkqubo enokuba nobunzima kakhulu kwaye efuna ukuqeshwa kweengcali ezaziyo ukuhambisa amanyathelo ukuze zizalisekise iziphumo ezivela kule nkqubo yezomthetho ilawulwayo.
Ngayiphi na imeko, kufanelekile ukwazi ukuba yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe kula matyala kuba nayiphi na impazamo inokubiza imali eninzi kakhulu kwiinkampani ezichaphazelekileyo njengongenamali. Apho kungenakulityalwa ukuba ezinye iinkampani ezidwelisiweyo okanye eziqhubekekayo ukudweliswa kwizalathiso zokulingana zaseSpain ziye zadlula kule meko. Elinye lawona matyala aziwa kakhulu yile ligeza eyekile ukurhweba kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo yaphinda yaqala indlela yayo kwiimarike zemali. Ke okwangoku kuthengiswa ngezantsi kwe-0,20 euro ngesabelo ngasinye kwaye apho abatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi bashiye i-euro ezininzi apha endleleni.
Iphuhliswa njani inkqubo yokubhengezwa njengongenamali?
Elinye lamanyathelo okuqala ekufuneka ethathiwe kukunikezelwa komyalelo wesibhengezo kwaye oko kwenziwa ngokusesikweni Phambi kweNkundla yeNtengiso wephondo apho onetyala anekomkhulu loshishino. Esi sesinye sezizathu eziphambili zokuba abo bachaphazelekayo kufuneka babekhona begqwetha kunye negqwetha. Kungenxa yokuba inkqubo yokuchithwa kwemali ingathunyelwa kwicala elinye okanye kwelinye kwaye kuxhomekeke kwinto enokwenzeka kwinkampani. Kwelinye icala, ukuba ukhuphiswano lokwenza isivumelwano luyaqala. Ithetha ntoni le nto? Ewe, inkampani iseshishini, njengoko yenzayo kude kube ngoku. Ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokugcina isikhokelo okanye amaqumrhu olawulo.
Ngelixa kwelinye icala, ukhuphiswano lunokuvulwa, kodwa kule meko yokuphelisa inkampani. Kwimeko apho, imisebenzi yabo yayiya kuyeka. Apho inani lolawulo lokungabinamali liza kuba lijongene nokuphelisa ishishini ukuze kuhlawulwe amatyala kubabolekisi. Njengamaqumrhu olawulo lwentlalo, aya kutshintshwa ngumlawuli. Oko kukuthi, kukho umahluko obaluleke kakhulu phakathi kokukhetha enye okanye enye imodeli kulawulo lokhuphiswano lwenkqubo. Kwaye yiloo nto eya kuthi ichonge impumelelo yalo msebenzi ngokusebenzisa eli nani lisemthethweni.
Elinye lamanyathelo okuqala ekufuneka ethathiwe kukunikezelwa komyalelo wesibhengezo kwaye oko kwenziwa ngokusesikweni Phambi kweNkundla yeNtengiso wephondo apho onetyala anekomkhulu loshishino. Esi sesinye sezizathu eziphambili zokuba abo bachaphazelekayo kufuneka babekhona begqwetha kunye negqwetha.