Ipenshoni yomhlolokazi, emva kokuthatha umhlalaphantsi, yeyona yamkelwe kakhulu eSpain. Nangona kunjalo, akukho lula njengoko kuvakala. Inkqubo ye- Ipenshoni yomhlolokazi kunye neemfuno zayo Zinyanzelekile, kwaye azichaphazeli umntu osindayo kuphela, kodwa zikwachaza nemeko yomfi.
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ukuba zithini na iimfuno zomhlala-phantsi zomhlolokazi, yintoni omele uyiqwalasele kwaye, ngaphezu kwako konke, yintoni enxulumene nale pension, siya kukunika lonke ulwazi.
Ithini ipenshini yomhlolokazi
Ngokokhuseleko lwezeNtlalontle, ipenshini yomhlolokazi icingelwa njengenzuzo leyo "Sinelungelo xa iqabane lethu liswelekile". Nangona kunjalo, yinkcazo engazigubungeliyo zonke iingqikelelo ezinokwenzeka. Kwaye, umzekelo, amaqabane asekhaya angabhaliswanga nawo angayifumana ipenshoni yomhlolokazi, kunye nokwahlukana kwamadoda nabafazi abanolwalamano nalowo ungasekhoyo.
Yiyo loo nto ipenshini yomhlolokazi inokuqondwa njengesixa semali esifunyanwa ngenyanga sokuphulukana nomntu obekhe waba sisibini ngaphambi okanye ngexesha lokusweleka, nokuba ukhona na umtshato wabantu okanye bobabini.
Ipenshoni yomhlolokazi: iimfuno zomfi kunye nexhoba
Nje ukuba uyazi ukuba yintoni ipenshini yomhlolokazi, kufuneka wazi ukuba zithini iimfuno, kuba umfi kunye nomntu osaphilayo, kufuneka bahlangabezane neemeko ezithile ukuze bakwazi ukuxhamla kwesi sibonelelo. Zeziphi?
Iimfuno zomntu ongasekhoyo
Xa kugqitywa ukuba umntu angayifumana ipenshoni yomhlolokazi, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo imeko afunyenwe ngayo lowo ungasekhoyo. Ngamanye amazwi, Ukubangaba umfi uhlangabezane neemfuno zokwamkela umhlolokazi okanye umhlolokazi wakhe ofumana ipenshoni.
Phakathi kwazo kukho:
- Uhlawule imali ngaphambi kokubhubha kwakho kangangeentsuku ezingama-500 ubuncinci. Ngapha koko, kufuneka ukuba bazenzile ubuncinci iminyaka emi-5 ngaphambi kokuba basweleke, okoko kubangelwa kukugula okuqhelekileyo. Ukuba ukusweleka kwenzeke ngenxa yesifo okanye ingozi yasemsebenzini, eli xesha lokunikela alifuneki. Ukuba umsebenzi ebengabhaliswanga (umzekelo kuba ebengaphangeli), kuyakufuneka enze igalelo kwiminyaka eli-15, kungenjalo, ngekhe akwazi ukushiya umhlolokazi okanye umhlolo wakhe ipenshoni.
- Yiba ngumhlala-phantsi okanye uthathe umhlalaphantsi. Oko kukuthi, nokuba awubhaliswanga kuKhuseleko lweNtlalo, le miqathango mibini ifanelekile ukuba ubhalise, kwaye ke oko kukuvumela ukuba uzuze kwisibonelelo sokuba ngumhlolokazi. Kuyafana nokuba ubusemngciphekweni ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ukubeleka okanye ukubeleka, umngcipheko ngexesha lokuncancisa… Ngoku, kubalulekile ukuba ube nexesha lokufaka; Ngaphandle koko ayinakwenziwa kwakhona.
Ipenshoni yomhlolokazi: iimfuno zomxhamli
Ukongeza kwizinto esizibonileyo ngaphambili, Abaxhamli kufuneka bahlangabezane nothotho lweemfuno ukulungela ipenshoni. Ngokukodwa, ezi banazo zezi:
- Ukuba umtshato uthathe unyaka omnye ubuncinci.
- Yiba nabantwana ngokufanayo.
- Yonwabela ipenshoni yokuzahlula okanye uqhawule umtshato (kwaye akukho mtshato mtsha okanye umanyano oluqhelekileyo).
Oku akuthethi ukuba zontathu ezi mfuno kufuneka zifezekiswe, kodwa enye ubuncinane.
Kwimeko apho, ngexesha lokusweleka, esi sibini sahlulwa okanye saqhawulwa umtshato, ukuba kungaphambi ko-2008, ke banelungelo lokufumana ipenshini yomhlolokazi ukuba ngaba la matyala ayenzeka: ingaphantsi kweminyaka elishumi idlulile okwahlukana okanye uqhawulo-mtshato, Umtshato uthathe iminyaka eli-10 ubuncinci, kukho abantwana ngokufanayo, okanye uneminyaka engaphezulu kwama-10. Nabo bangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50 abangenayo enye ipenshini bangayifumana, ukuba nje bayangqina ukuba umtshato wawuhlala iminyaka eli-65 ubuncinci.
Ngoku, kwimeko yezibini eziqhelekileyo zomthetho, Emva kwesigwebo esingu-480/2021, sowe-7 ku-Epreli, seCandelo leNkundla ePhakamileyo, abo bangabhaliswanga, kodwa banokubonisa ukuba kwabelwane ngophahla kunye nala mntu ungasekhoyo, banokukhetha esi sibonelelo. Ukongeza, kufuneka kuboniswe ukuba umvuzo wonyaka awukho ngaphezulu kwe-50% yetotali iyonke, okanye i-25% kwimeko yabantwana.
Ngokomthetho, ilungelo lokufumana le pension liyamkelwa okoko nje bedibana:
- Ukubhaliswa kwiminyaka emibini ngaphambi kokubhubha.
- Kukuba bahlalisane iminyaka emihlanu ubuncinci ngaphambi kokusweleka komnye wabo.
- Ukuba kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo kwakungekho mntu utshatileyo okanye wohlulwe komnye umntu (ukuba kunjalo, ipenshoni ingohlulwa phakathi kwabantu abatshatileyo).
Ibiza malini ipension yomhlolokazi
Okunye okungathandabuzekiyo esinako malunga nepenshini yomhlolokazi sisixa-mali esamkelwayo sakube sifezekisiwe iimfuno.
Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba ipenshini yomhlolokazi, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno, iyakuba nesisa ngakumbi okanye kancinci.
por Umgaqo jikelele, i-52% yesiseko sokulawula ifunyenwe.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimeko apho I-70% inokufunyanwa. Nini? Emva koko:
- Xa unabantu abaxhomekeke kusapho: abantwana okanye abantwana abakhuliswa nguwe abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-26 ubudala okanye ngaphezulu kweminyaka leyo kodwa bakhubazekile (ubuncinci ama-33%).
- Ukusebenza kweyunithi yosapho akudluli kwi-75% yomvuzo ophantsi wobungcali wonyaka, ngaphandle kweentlawulo ezongezelelweyo.
- Ipenshoni yona ingoyena ndoqo wosapho. Oko kukuthi, awukho omnye umvuzo ofunyenweyo, nokuba ngowezemali okanye ngohlobo oluthile.
- Imbuyekezo yonyaka akufuneki idlule, kunye nepension, umda omiselwe ngumthetho.
Umthetho ukwaseke uthotho lwexabiso kunye neyona mali iphantsi yomhlalaphantsi womhlolokazi, ubuninzi bungama-2.707,49 eeuros. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kuya kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba, ukuba isibonelelo okanye umvuzo ufumanekile, ipenshini yomhlolokazi ihlala incitshisiwe ingaphaya kobuncinci kwiimeko ezininzi.
Njengoko ubona, ukufumana ipenshini yomhlolokazi akukho lula njengoko kubonakala ngathi, kuba iimfuno akufuneki zifezekiswe kuphela ngumntu "osindayo", kodwa nomfi kufuneka ukuba abe uhlangabezene neemfuno ezivulela lowo unelungelo ukuxhamla. Yamkele. Ngaba unawo nawaphi na amathandabuzo malunga neemfuno zepenshoni yomhlolokazi?