Kuninzi okuthethwayo kwezi ntsuku malunga nokuwa okubukhali kwamashishini eSpain ngenxa yesigqibo se-Great Britain sokushiya i-European Union (EU). Kodwa hayi kangako malunga iziphumo ezichanekileyo nezingathanga ngqo eziya kuthi zilingane eSpain kunye nobomi beSpanish. Into eqhelekileyo kwilizwe lehlabathi njengale ikhoyo ngoku, apho ubudlelwane kwezoqoqosho bathambekele ekunxibelelaneni rhoqo.
Okwangoku, kukho amawaka kunye namawaka wabasindisi abashiye inxalenye elungileyo yenkunzi etyalomali kwiimveliso zezemali ecaleni kwendlela. Ayisiyiyo kuphela kwimarike yemasheya, kodwa kwezinye ezinokuthi zilibaleke ngakumbi, Kwaye nokuba iintloko zayo zinokungazazi ezona ziphumo. Asibhekiseli ikakhulu kwingxowa-mali yotyalo-mali, esetyenziswa ngabantu baseSpain ukugxila kulondolozo lwabo, ngenxa yokunqongophala kwezinye iindlela ezinikezelwa ziimveliso eziphambili zokonga (iidipozithi zexesha, amanqaku ezithembiso zebhanki, njl.). Kwaye xa bebonke kunqabile ukuba badlule kwi-0,50% yesithintelo abasibonelela kubafakizicelo babo.
Izicwangciso zepenshini ngamanye amaxhoba aphambili yeli qhekeza kwimarike yaseSpain, nangokongeza kwiimarike zaseYurophu nezelizwe. Uninzi lwezi mveliso zezemali lusekela ipotifoliyo yotyalo-mali kwii-equities, ngakumbi iifomathi ezinobundlongondlongo. Kwaye xa ujongene nale meko inzima, uyakube uyibonile indlela ogcinwe ngayo ubomi bakho njengamatyeli ambalwa. Ngamanye amaxesha ngendlela enobundlobongela, kwaye engaqhelekanga nakweyiphi na imeko. Ngenxa yoko, iiseva ziya kuba nemali encinci kwezi mveliso.
Iziphumo kuqoqosho ngokubanzi
Kwinqanaba eliphezulu nelokuthatha isigqibo, enye yezona zinto zixhalabisayo kubemi yindlela ukuphuma kweBritane kumaziko oLuntu okuya kubachaphazela ngayo kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla. Ngokuqinisekileyo iya kuba yenye yeengcinga onazo kwezi ntsuku. Hayi njengoko ezinye iingxelo ze-alarmist ziqikelela, kodwa ewe azizukuvela zingonzakalanga kule ngozi yoololiwe kwilizwekazi lakudala. Ke ngoku iya kuba nolona phawu lubalaseleyo kwezengqesho malunga neziphumo eziya kuthi ziveliswe kwisigqibo esinempikiswano kwi-referendum.
Kwabaqalayo, iiarhente zokulinganisa eziqwalaselweyo sele zilumkisile ukuba iBrexit Oku kuya kuthetha ukusikwa kwesiqingatha sepesenti kwinqanaba lokukhula koqoqosho zonyaka olandelayo. Okwangoku iingqikelelo zikarhulumente zingaphezulu kwe-2,7% ezakubonisa iMveliso yaseKhaya ePheleleyo (i-GDP) kunyaka-mali olandelayo. Ngayiphi na imeko, ayizukuchaphazeleka, okanye iya kuba mbalwa kakhulu, kulo nyaka umiyo, njengoko kuchaziwe nguMphathiswa wezoQoqosho, uLuis de Guindos.
Ithetha ntoni le nto? Ewe, iziphumo kuqoqosho lwaseSpain ziya kubonakala ngakumbi ukusukela kunyaka olandelayo, kwaye ngaphandle kokhenketho, njengoko ubona kamva kweli nqaku. Isivumelwano, nangona sincinci, kwi-GDP iya kuba nefuthe kwingqesho, ukuxhaswa ngezimali koluntu, kwanomgaqo-nkqubo wokuhlengahlengisa imivuzo yabasebenzi. Nangona zonke iingcali zezoqoqosho zibonisa ukuba ukuphambuka kwesiqingatha senqaku ekukhuleni akukothusi kakhulu kuchaphazela abemi ngendlela ekhethekileyo.
Isiphumo sokuqala siya kuba kukhenketho
Alithandabuzeki elokuba impembelelo yokuqala yokuhamba kweBritane iya kuba kukhenketho, kwaye ukusukela kweli hlobo. Isizathu kukuba iponti yase-Bhritane iya kuthoba ixabiso layo ngokuchasene nemali yethu, i-euro. Kwaye ngenxa yoku, ukuhamba kwabakhenkethi abangamaNgesi besiya kwiindawo esiya kuzo kuya kuncipha kakhulu, kwaye ukusukela kule nyanga. Idatha yamva nje evela kwicandelo icebisa ukuba zizigidi ezithandathu zabakhenkethi abatyelele ilizwe lethu kunyaka ophelileyo. Ke ngoko, izigidi zeerandi eziqokelelwe kolu luvo ziya kuba zincinci kakhulu. Ukuchaphazela zonke iinkampani ezikwicandelo lezokhenketho (iihotele, iivenkile zokutyela, iindawo zentselo, ii-disco, ukuqeshisa imoto, ulonwabo, njl.
Ngaphandle kwaba bathengi, uninzi lwezi nkampani alunakukhetha ngaphandle koku ukunciphisa imveliso yayo, ukunciphisa iinkonzo, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, de lide livalwe ishishini (elunxwemeni okanye kwisiqithi sabakhenkethi). Kwaye konke oku kuyakuthetha ukuba kuyafuneka abasebenzi abambalwa, ukuze ukuqesha kweli candelo leshishini kube sezantsi ukusukela ngoku. Akumangalisi ukuba iyakuba nefuthe ngqo kwisalathiso sengqesho, esiya kulahla izishumi ezininzi njengesiphumo esikhawulezileyo sefuthe leBrexit kukhenketho.
Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ukhenketho lwaseBritane ngumnikezeli wokuqala weendwendwe eSpainNgokwedatha yamva nje ebonelelwe liSebe lezoQoqosho. Ngaphezulu kwesiFrentshi, amaJamani kunye namaTaliyane. Ukusuka kolu luvo, iya kuchaphazela kakhulu imisebenzi yezoqoqosho eSpain. Ukongeza, uRhulumente uza kuqokelela imali encinci ngalo msebenzi, ichaphazela ezinye izinto ezifakwe kuHlahlo-lwabiwo mali lukaRhulumente.
ISpain: ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe okuphantsi
Omnye wabaphulukene kakhulu kweli dabi linzima loqoqosho iya kuba ngu iinkampani ezinomdla e-UK. Kwelinye icala, ngokuthumela ngaphandle, okuza kubonisa inyani entsha kwiimephu zejografi. Ukupheliswa kwabasebenzi, ukuncitshiswa kwezibonelelo zabo kunye nohlengahlengiso olukhulu kuhlahlo-lwabiwo mali kuya kuba yenye yezona ziphumo zichanekileyo ekuphunyezweni kwalo manyathelo.
Iinkampani ezidweliswe kwisalathiso esikhethiweyo saseSpain aziyi kuba simahla, ngokuchaseneyo. Abo baveze kakhulu kuqoqosho lwesiNgesi baya kuba ngabona bantu bohlwaywayo ziimarike zemali, njengoko ziphuhlisiwe ngexesha leseshoni yorhwebo kwimarike yemasheya ngoLwesihlanu ophelileyo. IBanco Santander, Sabadell, Ferrovial, Iberdrola okanye iTelefonica zizakuba zezona zichaphazeleka kakhulu kulo msitho. Ngeendlela zokuziphatha kwixabiso layo elibi kakhulu kunontanga bayo kwizabelo. Kwaye kuyo nayiphi na imeko, baya kuba ngabona banobungozi bokuvula izikhundla kwiimarike ukusukela ngoku.
I-Atony kwintengiso yezindlu
Eli candelo linxibelelene ngokusondeleyo nezitena liza kuva ubunzima kwesi sigqibo. Njengoko iponti iphulukana nobunzima bayo ngokuchasene ne-euro, abasebenzisi abaninzi base-Bhritane baya kunciphisa isikhundla sabo kwimakethi yokuthengisa izindlu nomhlaba, ngakumbi leyo inqaku lesalathiso licandelo leholide. Ungakulibali oko imakethi yesiNgesi yeyona isebenzayo ukukhangela indawo yokuhlala yesibini eSpain.
Njengomphumo wale meko, kuya kubakho umsebenzi omncinci kwicandelo. Iziphumo zicacile, umsebenzi mncinci kunye nokwehla kwenzuzo yeenkampani ezinikele kulo msebenzi ubalulekileyo woqoqosho. Kwaye kwelinye icala, Inxibelelene nokukhula kweMveliso yaseKhaya ePheleleyo (GDP), ezinokuthi zehle ngamashumi ambalwa ukusuka kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka ka-2016. Le yenye yezinto ezinokuthi zonakalise uqoqosho lwaseSpain kwezi ndlela.
Ukwanda kwepremiyamu yomngcipheko
Le ngxaki ibonakala ngathi ilibalekile, kodwa ngolwesiHlanu odlulileyo, ekuweni kabuhlungu kwiimarike ze-equity, isaphulelo kwi-premium yomngcipheko songezwa. Ukufikelela kwinqanaba lama-170 amanqaku, kwaye nangayiphi na imeko, ayibonwanga kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo. Le meko inokuba yingozi kuqoqosho lwesizwe. Kwanele ukujonga okwenzekileyo kwiminyaka emine edlulileyo ukuqonda ukuba ibaluleke kangakanani le datha ye-macroeconomic.
Ukuwohloka kwayo kuya kuvelisa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuba ubunzima kwezemali bukhulu. Okanye ngamanye amagama, baya kuba neendleko ezifuna ngakumbi ngokufaka inzala ephezulu. Esi siphumo siya kuba nefuthe ngqo kwinkcitho kaRhulumente, eya kuthi ibanzi ngakumbi. Ngokwenzeka ukuba banqunyulwe kwezinye izinto ezinxulunyaniswe ngakumbi nabemi: ezempilo, izibonelelo zentlalo okanye iindleko zemfundo.
Ukuba ukusasazeka ngebhondi yaseJamani kuyanda, eyona nto iphambili kumngcipheko, kuya kubakho umngcipheko wokunyusa irhafu. Ngokuthe ngqo, ngokusebenzisa iVAT okanye irhafu kwisibhengezo sabantu bendalo (IRPF), okanye ngokungathanga ngqo, kwaye kuxhomekeke kurhulumente owasekwa emva konyulo jikelele olwalubanjwe kule Cawa.
Iziphumo zeDomino kwamanye amazwe
Nangona kunjalo, eyona ngozi inkulu kwimidla yaseSpain iya kuba kukuba le nkqubo yokwahlula iya kufikelela kwezinye izizwe zoluntu: iFrance, iDenmark, iHolland, iSweden okanye i-Itali. Kwimeko apho, inkqubo yokwandiswa kweYurophu ngokuqinisekileyo iya kuwa. Kwaye kunemiphumo emibi kubo bonke abemi baseSpain. Ngokufanayo, iSpain iyakuphulukana ne-ally ebalulekileyo ngokubhekisele ekumiselweni kweSivumelwano seTransatlantic yorhwebo notyalo-mali, esaziwa ngegama laso: TTIP.
Kwaye okokugqibela, icandelo lobalo kuphela, kodwa ngokubaluleka okukhulu kuphuhliso lwelizwe. Ayikho enye ngaphandle kwemali encinci eya kuba nayo i-European Union, ngenxa yokungabikho kweBritane, eya kugqithiselwa kwiminqweno yesizwe, kuba iya kuba noncedo oluncinci kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yemveliso, kwaye ibaluleke kakhulu kuhlumo lwezoqoqosho.
Zonke ezi zinto zinokukhokelela kwintengiso yesitokhwe yaseSpain ukuba ibuyele kumaxabiso amakhulu kwiintsuku ezizayo. Kwaye oko kunokukhula ngokubonakala kokuphindaphinda kunenye kumaxabiso anokutsala umdla wabasebenzisi beemarike zentengiso. Ukuza kwinqanaba lokubakhuthaza ukuba bangene kwiimarike, basebenzise ixabiso eliphantsi lezabelo.
Nangona kwityala lokugqibela kuya kufuneka silinde iinyanga ezimbalwa ukuze sidlulise iziphumo eziya kuthi zibonakaliswe ngabantu abangamaNgesi ngoLwesihlanu odlulileyo. Akugwebi nayiphi na into enokwenzeka malunga neziphumo ezinokubakho.