Ibhunga lolawulo le-European Central Bank (i-ECB) ligqibe kwelokuba ligcine inzala ingatshintshi kwiintlanganiso zalo zokugqibela. Umzimba ophethe isiTaliyane Mario Draghi Iyaqhubeka nesicwangciso sayo sokuthenga iiasethi, nangona ubuncinci kune-2019. Ezi ndaba zilungile kwimidla yabatyali zimali abancinci nabaphakathi abangalindelanga ukuba le nyani izakuba neziphumo ezigqithileyo kwiimarike zezabelo zelizwekazi elidala lo nyaka mtsha besizilolonga kuwo iintsuku ezimbalwa.
Enye into enomdla kakhulu evela kwimidla yebhanki yaseYurophu yokukhutshwa yile ibhekisa ekukhuleni kuqoqosho loLuntu. Ngale ndlela, kufanele ukuba iqatshelwe into yokuba eyona bhanki iphakathi ihlaziye uqikelelo lokukhula kwe-GDP kulo nyaka ngesinye kwishumi, ngakumbi ibathobile ukusuka kwi-1,8% ukuya kwi-1,7% kwaye ishiya umbono ofanayo we-2020 kwi-1,7% yokukhula. Ngayo nayiphi na imeko, iyantlukwano eyahlukileyo ayinakuba nefuthe kakhulu kwiimarike zezabelo. Nangona kungazothusa kakhulu ukuba ihlaziyiwe kwiinyanga ezizayo.
Kwelinye icala, kwaye apho kubhekiswa kuyo ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, uhlalutyo lwabo lukwindawo efanayo nale ingentla. Apho kubonisiwe khona ukuba izonyuka kwiinyanga ezizayo, kuqikelelo lwaseburhulumenteni olususela kwi-1,7% ukuya kwi-1,8%, ngelixa ngokuchaseneyo, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kwe-2020 kuya kwehla kwi-1,6% ukusuka kwi-1,7%. Akwabalulekanga ngokukodwa ukuhambisa iimarike ze-equity kwelinye icala okanye kwelinye. Ngamanye amaxesha ayizizo idatha ezithatha isigqibo sokuchaphazela amaxabiso kwiimarike zesitokhwe zelizwekazi elidala. Ngaphaya kokunye ukuqwalaselwa kobuchwephesha kwaye kwanakwindawo yokujonga esisiseko.
ECB: inzala
Ngayiphi na imeko, iBhanki eNkulu yaseYurophu (i-ECB) iyangqina ukuba kulo nyaka umiyo umdla ochaphazelekayo Ngeli xesha, imisebenzi ephambili yezemali iya kuhamba ngaphandle kokwahluka okanye ubuncinci kakhulu, kumanqanaba e-0,00%, 0,25% kunye -0,40%, ngokulandelelana kwelinye lamaxesha ahlalutyiweyo. Apho, ukusuka kumzimba wezemali waseYurophu kubonisiwe ukuba "umngcipheko ojikeleze amathemba okukhula kwendawo ye-euro usenokuvavanywa ngokulinganayo". Into enokuxoxwa ngakumbi kwaye kule meko inokuba nefuthe kwiimarike zezemali.
Kwesinye isigxina, kufanele ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba igxininisa ukuba "ukuba semngciphekweni kwiimarike ezisakhulayo kunye nokungazinzi kwiimarike zezemali." Nangona kunjalo le ngu ikrele elijikeleze kabini okoko inxenye elungileyo yabahlalutyi bezezimali bamazwe aphesheya igxininisa ukuba zezona ntengiso zamashishini ezingenanzala emisiweyo ezinokunyuka kakhulu kwiinyanga ezilishumi elinambini ezizayo okanye ubuncinci kude kube sekupheleni kwalo nyaka osandula ukuvela. Ayothusi into yokuba inamandla okuhlaziya aphezulu kunakwamanye ama-stock indices kwindawo yaseYurophu.
Ngotshintsho kwimigaqo-nkqubo yezemali
Ngayiphi na imeko, enye into ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ukusukela ngoku ukuya phambili Umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali kummandla we-euro. Yile ndlela uMario Draghi amlumkise ngayo xa wayelumkisa kwintlanganiso yamva nje namajelo eendaba ukuba "kubalulekile ukukhusela izikhundla eziqinileyo zemali." Isilumkiso esicacileyo koomatiloshe abahamba kwilizwe elinzima lemali kwaye ewe lotyalo mali. Kuba, enyanisweni, iyakuba lolunye lwezona nguqulelo ziza kwenzeka kule ndawo ibalulekileyo.
Kwelinye icala, kufanele ukuba kukhunjulwe ukuba ngalo nyaka, kuninzi into eza kuthethwa yi-European Central Bank (ECB). Apho enye yeendaba eziphambili ukuba ingabamba ayisiyonto ingaphantsi kwaye ayikho enye into ngaphandle kokubuyiselwa kukamongameli wayo onempembelelo kunangoku i-Italiya uMario Draghi. Yonke into ebonisa ukuba ukukhululeka kwakhe kuya kuvela kwabanamandla Icandelo lebhanki laseJamani, nangona iinguqu ezininzi zingakhange zibonwe ngaphambili kumgaqo-lawulo wemali osele uphuhlisiwe ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Umahluko ezimbalwa kakhulu, njengoko kuchaziwe ngabaninzi babahlalutyi boqoqosho abachaphazelekayo.
Uhlobo lonyuka
Ngapha koko, ukuba lo nyaka mtsha uzakubalulwa ngento ethile, kungenxa yokuba uya kungena ezembalini njengonyaka owawukho ngawo inzala inyukile. Nangona kunjalo, kulindelwe ukuba ubungqongqo abuzukuba phezulu kakhulu kwaye buya kubonakala kwikota yenqaku, eyisixa semarike yezemali kwilizwekazi elidala. Ngale ndlela, nantoni na eyayinyuke kakhulu iya kuziva kodwa imbi kakhulu kubatyali mali. Ngokwehla okunokwenzeka kokukhuseleka okudweliswe kwimarike yaseYurophu. Ngaphaya kokunye ukuqwalaselwa kobuchwephesha kwaye mhlawumbi ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga izinto ezisisiseko.
Ngayiphi na imeko, inye into eqinisekileyo kwaye lelo xabiso lemali aliyi kuba ngexabiso eliphantsi kude kube ngoku. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ngoku ikwi-0%, oko kuthetha ukuba ngamanqanaba amanqanaba ezembali kwaye oko kuthetha ukuba imali ayixabisanga nto ngalo mzuzu. Ukunyuka kokuqala kuqikelelwa ibekwe kwinqanaba le-0,25%, kodwa ayisiyiyo enye into ngalo mzuzu. Nangona into eyahluke mpela yinto eza kwenzeka kwixesha eliphakathi nelide. Kungenxa yokuba kuqikelelwa ukuba kunokubakho ukonyuka okuqhubekayo de kube kugunyaziswe abasemagunyeni kwi-European Central Bank (ECB).
Utyalo-mali bohlwaywa
Esi sigqibo sezimali esibonakalayo yi-ECB siyakubeka ubunzima ekusebenzeni kwabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi. Phakathi kwezinye izizathu kuba inokuvelisa ifayile ye- yehla kwiimarike zokulingana zommandla we-euro. Ayilolize, elinye lamanyathelo acetywayo yiBhanki eNkulu yaseYurophu kukupheliswa kwemali kwiimarike zezemali. Njengomphumo wale meko intsha kwilizwekazi elidala, akukho mathandabuzo ukuba ukuthengisa uxinzelelo kuya kubakho ngaphezulu kokuthenga uxinzelelo kwimarike yemasheya.
Zonke ezi zinto zibalulekileyo zinokwenza kube nzima ngakumbi kukhuseleko oluluhlu ukusukela ngoku. Kwaye okuninzi ngakumbi xa ii-equities zaseYurophu zibophelele imixokelelwane ixesha elide lokunyuka Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngaphandle kokuphumla. Kude kube ngo-2018 imarike yemasheya ishiywe kumaxabiso ayo ngaphezulu kwe-10% ngokubhekisele kunyaka ophelileyo. Into enokuphindwa kulo nyaka besiyiqalile kwiiveki ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo. Kwaye ke, akusayi kubakho khetho ngaphandle kokuqwalaselwa kakhulu kwezi zinto zixabisekileyo kwimarike yemasheya enokuxhomekeka kuzo kwiinyanga ezizayo.
Iimveliso zokonga zixhamle
Ngokuchasene noko, abaxhamli abakhulu beli qhinga lemali kwindawo ye-euro ngokuqinisekileyo baya kuba iimveliso zokonga (Iidipozithi zebhanki zexesha elizinzileyo, amanqaku ezithembiso zebhanki kunye neeakhawunti ezinengeniso ephezulu, phakathi kwezinye zezona zibalulekileyo). Ayothusi into yokuba baya kubona imida yabo yokungenelela iphuculwe ukuze banikezele ngembuyekezo kolona lonwabo lunomdla kunangoku. Hayi kubunzulu obuphezulu kakhulu, kodwa ubuncinci ukuze indawo elungileyo yokonga yabucala inomdla kolu hlobo lweemodeli zokugcina kwakhona. Ngale ndlela, banokubonelela ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezi-2, xa ngalo mzuzu wawunomda wokuba ngaphantsi nje kwe-1%.
Kwelinye icala, kukho into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha ezi mveliso zokonga kungenxa yokuba ziqinisekisa i ukusebenza okuzinzileyo nokuqinisekisiweyo qho ngonyaka. Nokuba kwenzeka ntoni kwiimarike zezabelo nakwezona meko zimbi kubo. Soloko inemigaqo ethile esisigxina kwaye kwezinye iimeko ifuna ukuba imali inyanzeliswe ixesha eligqithisileyo. Le yeyona nto iphosakeleyo ekuqeshweni kwezinye zeemveliso zemali. Ngaphandle kokunye ukuthathelwa ingqalelo okuza kuhlalutywa kwamanye amanqaku ukuqonda ngcono zonke ezi ngcinga.
Njengoko uza kuba nakho ukuqinisekisa, inyani yokuba kulo nyaka unokwenza imali kwimarike yemasheya iya kuxhomekeka, ngandlela thile, kumanyathelo ezoqoqosho aphuhliswayo avela kwi-European Central Bank ukusukela ngoku. Nokuba kukunceda wena okanye ngokuchaseneyo, ukuthatha ukuphoxeka okungaqhelekanga kwizikhundla zakho kwiimarike zezabelo. Ke ngoko, kuya kufuneka sazi ngayo yonke into eyenzayo ngo-2019 kunye nokuba ngawaphi amalungu ayo afanelekileyo athethayo.
Ayothusi into yokuba singakwazi ukufihla ukuba sijamelene notshintsho kumjikelo kwimodeli yezoqoqosho okanye imarike yestokhwe. Oku, ngapha koko, imeko eboniswe ziimarike zezabelo. Ngale ndlela, unokuyiphucula imisebenzi yakho ngesiqinisekiso esikhulu sempumelelo. Ngale ndlela, banokubonelela ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezi-2, xa ngalo mzuzu wawunomda wokuba ngaphantsi nje kwe-1%.