La I-United States Federal Reserve (UFed) uthathe isigqibo sokugcina iireyithi zangoku kwimbali ephantsi ye-0% kude kube sekupheleni kowama-2022. Uyintoni umkhondo omtsha malunga nokuba umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali uzakuya phi kwiinyanga ezizayo kwaye kutheni ungatsho, kwiminyaka ezayo . Apho kuye kwagqitywa ekubeni kutofelwe kwinkqubo yezemali yase-US eyona nto ikhuthazayo embalini yokulwa i-coronavirus. Kwintoni enokucingelwa ukuba ukwehla kuqoqosho lwamazwe aphesheya kunokuba ngaphezulu kokulindelweyo kude kube ngoku. Ngesi sizathu khange kumangalise ukuba iziphumo zeemarike zokulingana kwihlabathi liphela ziye zehla.
Kungenxa yokuba eqinisweni, iimarike zentengiso zehlabathi ziye zadilika ngokuhla kweyona inkulu kwezi nyanga zimbini zidlulileyo. Apho, umzekelo, isalathiso esikhethiweyo sengeniso yelizwe lethu, i-Ibex 35, ishiye ngaphezulu kwe-5%. Ke ukuphela nge-rally eyaqala ngoMeyi xa yayihamba kwinqanaba lama-7800 ukuya kwinqanaba le-7200 yenqanaba. Iimarike zezemali zezendalo ezingqongileyo azihambanga ngcono, ezibonileyo ukuba zehle njani nge-avareji ye-4,50%. Kweyiphi enye yezona ntsuku zimbi kwezi veki zidlulileyo kwiimarike zokulingana kwihlabathi liphela.
Ngelixa kwelinye icala, ikwafuneka ukugxininisa into ebalulekileyo yokuba uqikelelo lwe-United States Federal Reserve kunye ne-OECD ayimemi themba ngokubhekisele kwindaleko yezoqoqosho njengesiphumo sokwanda kwentsholongwane yokuphefumla. Olunye uludwe lwezinto, kufuneka sivavanye inyani yokuba emva kwayo yonke le nto inokuba yinto edlulayo yolwazi kwaye ke kuyakufuneka silinde ukuba isiqinisekiso sayo senzeke kwiinyanga ezilandelelanayo. Konke oku, kwimeko apho idatha yengqesho e-United States iye yamangalisa iimarike zokulingana ngokufanelekileyo. Nangona ukuvela kwayo kuya kufuneka kuhlolwe kwiinyanga ezizayo.
Ixesha elide elinomdla kwi-0%
“Sifuna ukuba iimarike zisebenze; asijonganga kwinqanaba elithile. "Ukuba besinokuyeka kuba sicinga ukuba amaxabiso e-asethi aphakame kakhulu, kuya kwenzeka ntoni kwabo bantu besifanele ukubakhonza?" Kube lukhuselo lokugqibela lukaPowell kwabo bagxeka okoIFed ibangela ibhabhu eWall Street kunye ne-stimuli yayo engenamda. Kuyamangalisa ukuba idatha yengqesho yenziwe eUnited States ekungekho mntu wayelindele, nkqu neearhente zeemarike zezabelo. Ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba imisebenzi yase-United States yedatha
Usenokuba ucinga ngokwakho ukuba eli ayiloxesha lokuthetha ngotyalo-mali. Uyothuka malunga nomsebenzi wakho, loo mpikiswano kunye nomhlobo wakho osenyongweni, ikati yakho iziphatha ngakumbi nangakumbi kunesiqhelo- kwaye ungaze undiqalise ngobomi bakho obuqaqadekileyo.
Kodwa enyanisweni, akukho xesha lilungileyo lokuthetha malunga notyalo mali. Ekugqibeleni, kuya kufuneka uqeqeshwe ngokwaneleyo ukuze ubambelele kwimali oyenzayo, emva koko uthathe inyathelo elilandelayo ekufundeni indlela yokukhulisa imali yakho. Kwaye eyona ndlela yokunyusa imali yakho kukufunda indlela yokutyala imali.
Ilula ngoluhlobo
Xa usiba ngumtyali mali, uya kuyisebenzisa imali yakho ukuthenga izinto ezibonelela ngomvuzo ngendlela enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi zilandelayo:
Inzala kunye nezahlulo ezivela kulondolozo okanye kwisahlulo esihlawula imali kwisahlulo nakwiibhondi
Ukungena kwemali kwishishini okanye kwiarhente yokuthengiswa kwezindlu
Ukuxabiseka kwexabiso leepotifoliyo yesitokhwe, iarhente yokuthengiswa kwezindlu kunye nezinye izinto
Njengoko ufunda ukuba ngumtyali mali, uyakuqala ukunikezela ngezixhobo zakho ezinqongopheleyo kwizinto ezinamandla amakhulu okubuya. Oko kunokuba kukuhlawula ityala, ukubuyela esikolweni, okanye ukulungisa ikhaya leentsapho ezimbini.
Ewe kunjalo, kunokuthetha ukuthenga amasheya kunye neebhondi, okanye ubuncinci iimali ezihlangeneyo okanye iimali ezithengiswayo.
Enkosi ngenkqubela phambili kwitekhnoloji, ungaqala utyalomali ngemali encinci njenge- $ 5 ngenyanga kunye ne-smartphone. Umsebenzi wethu ukukunceda ekucoceni ingxolo, ufunde iziseko, kwaye wenze izigqibo ezifanelekileyo zotyalo-mali kwangethuba.
Ngaphandle kwentlawulo kwiiakhawunti ezineebhalansi ezisezantsi kunye notyalo mali olulula oluzenzekelayo, amaMelika lolona khetho lwethu lubalaseleyo kwiakhawunti yotyalo mali ebanzi. Utyalomali lukuvumela ukuba uyonyuse kakhulu imali yakho ngokuhamba kwexesha enkosi kumandla wembuyekezo yekhompawundi.
Ikhompawundi ingabizwa ngokuba nguWesibhozo uMangaliso weHlabathi. Enkosi ngamandla okudibanisa, ipeni enye inokujika ibe zizigidi zeedola, inikwe ixesha elaneleyo. Usenokungaphili ixesha elide kangako, kodwa khawuqwalasele le mizekelo ilandelayo.
Masithi uqala ukutyala imali xa uneminyaka eli-16 ubudala ... Njengongenakwenzeka njengoko kubonakala ngathi uqala ukutyala imali umncinci kangaka, masithi ufumene ilifa elincinci kwaye uthathe isigqibo sokulityala: ukuba ubeka i $ 5.000 kwiakhawunti ngomdla. umyinge weepesenti ezisi-7 kwaye unikele ngeedola ezingama-200 ezongezelelweyo ngenyanga, emva kweminyaka engama-30 uyakuba nokuncinci ngaphezulu kwe- $ 284.000.
Uqala ngokubeka i $ 50 ngenyanga kwiakhawunti yakho yotyalo-mali, ngomdlalo weepesenti ezingama-50 ovela kwinkampani. Ukuba wonyusa imirhumo ngesixa esifanayo njengalo naluphi na ukonyuswa komvuzo, uya kuba ngaphezulu kwesigidi seedola kwiminyaka engama-65. Oko kuthetha ukuba ukonyuka konyaka nge-3,5 yepesenti kunye ne-8,5 yepesenti yokubuya kutyalo-mali.
Gcina ngengxowa
Zininzi izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe nangona-umzekelo olula onje ubonakalisa amandla okudibanisa ukuba konke kuhamba kakuhle. Ke ukuba ufuna ukuqala ngoku ukugcina imali, ungade ufumane umvuzo wonyaka wonke xa uneminyaka engama-30… Jonga kule theyibhile ingezantsi ukubona ukuba ungayenza njani.
Ukutshala imali kuvakala kunokoyikisa kunokuba kunjalo. Ewe, kuhlala kukho umngcipheko wokulahleka, kodwa kukho ukubakho okukhulu ngakumbi kwenzuzo enkulu. Ukwenza into okokuqala kunokothusa, ngakumbi xa kufikwa kwimali oyisebenzele nzima. Kodwa Nazi ezinye iingcebiso kubatyali mali bokuqala.
Tyala imali okokuqala
Ukutyala imali kufana nenkolo: abantu banezimvo ezithile kwaye banokuba kwelinye lamacandelo amaninzi okanye kwizikolo zokucinga. Nazi ezimbalwa eziza engqondweni:
I-Doomsday Preppers-aba bantu baqinisekile ukuba inkqubo yethu yezemali iya kuwa, ke babeke yonke imali yabo kwigolide nakwizindlu nomhlaba.
Abarhwebi boSuku loMdlalo-aba ngabantu abaqhele ukubonwa kwimiboniso bhanyabhanya, kunye needesika zabo okanye iindonga ezigqunywe zii-monitors kunye neethelevishini, bebukela umzuzwana ngamnye wosuku kwaye babukele utshintsho kwimarike yemasheya.
I-Indexers-aba ngabantu abatyala imali kuyo yonke into ukuze basebenzise ukonyuka okuthe chu kunye nokuzinzileyo kwixabiso elipheleleyo leemarike.
Iqela labalamli bezemali libonelela ngeeNkonzo zaBacebisi ezibonelela ngenkxaso yomntu ngamnye kwinkqubo yotyalo-mali. Baya kulungelelanisa isicwangciso sotyalo-mali ukuze sihambelane neemfuno zakho kwaye banokukunceda ufunde yonke into ofuna ukuyifumana malunga nokutyalomali kwiisitokisi, iibhondi, ii-ETF kunye namanye amathuba.
Ubuncinci botyalo-mali kule misebenzi
Ubuncinci botyalo-mali bokusebenzisa iNkonzo yoCebiso lwaBantu kula maziko emali yi- $ 50.000 kwaye umrhumo wonyaka uyi-0,3% kuphela (ke, $ 150 kuyo yonke i- $ 50.000 etyalwe imali).
Ukuba sele ungowenye yezi nkalo zikhankanyiweyo, awunakufumana zibonelelo zotyalo-mali ezingaphantsi kweminyaka engama-30 ziluncedo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unengqondo evulekileyo kwaye unomdla wokufunda iindlela ezilula zokutyala imali ngempumelelo ebomini bakho bonke - ngaphandle kwazo naziphi na izinto ezihlekisayo - emva koko funda.
Ukuba awuchazwanga malunga nokuba uza kutyala nini kwaye nini, qiniseka ukuba usebenzisa inzala eqinisekisiweyo. Iiakhawunti zoLondolozo oluPhezulu kwi-Intanethi okwangoku zibonelela ngaphezulu kwe-2% nge-inshurensi ye-FDIC (oko kuthetha ukuba imali yakho iqinisekisiwe ngurhulumente womanyano).
Bahlala behlawulisa inzala eninzi kwii-akhawunti zabo zedipozithi kwaye okwangoku bane-APY ye-1,55% kuyo yonke imali eseleyo kwi-akhawunti yabo yokonga kwi-Intanethi. Ukuba uyavuma ukugcina imali yakho kwikota ye-CD, banazo ii-APYs kuluhlu lweepesenti ezi-2 kangangeminyaka emine neyesihlanu.
Umngcipheko vs umvuzo
Kuyinyani: ukutyala imali kubandakanya umngcipheko. Sonke siwevile amabali abatyali mali abalahlekelwe sisiqingatha selifa labo kuxinzelelo olukhulu okanye ngoku kutsha nje kwiRest Recession. Sivile ngoBernie Madoffs wehlabathi kunye nabatyali mali abaphulukene nayo yonke into ngobuqhetseba. Nangona ungekhe uwususe umngcipheko ngokupheleleyo, ungawunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko ngokutyala ngobulumko.
Into elungileyo malunga nokutyala imali kulutsha kukuba mhlawumbi utyala imali kutyalo-mali lwexesha elide, njengeakhawunti yakho yomhlalaphantsi. Olu tyalo-mali lunobungozi obuncinci kunentengiso ekhawulezayo yesitokhwe yabantu abangayiqondiyo into abayenzayo.
Nangona ukutyalomali kunokuba yingozi, kungcono ukujongana naloo mngcipheko, kuba ukungatyali kunokukuhlawula imali eninzi kunokulahlekelwa yimali encinci kutyalo-mali olubi.
Sithethe ngenzala edityanisiweyo ngasentla, kunye nomgaqo ophambili wesithupha kukuba: kwasekuqaleni uqala ukugcina, kokukhona imali yakho izakufumana ixesha elingaphezulu. Jonga apha ukubona umahluko omkhulu phakathi komntu oqale ukutyala imali kuma-25 nama-35. Unokuphulukana namakhulu amawaka eedola ukuba uqala ukugcina kamva.
Gcina utyalo-mali lulula
Yenza ulwahlulo olubanzi ngokudibanisa kweendleko eziphantsi kunye ne-ETFs, ngelixa ugcina ulonwabo ngokugcina isitokhwe ngasinye ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezili-10 zeeasethi zakho. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ekubeni ngumtyalomali ophumeleleyo ayizizo izitokhwe kunye nemali oyikhethayo. Impumelelo yotyalo-mali ixhomekeke:
Ukukhetha ulwabiwo lweasethi eyiyo- Umxube ngokubanzi weebhondi, isitokhwe kunye nemali onayo kwipotifoliyo yakho.
Phuhlisa kwaye ulandele isicwangciso sokutyala esizenzekelayo, ngale ndlela uyakuphepha ukwenza izigqibo ezimbi kunye neemvakalelo, ezinje ngokuthengisa ngasemva kwengozi yentengiso.
Ulwazi malunga notyalomali kwimali engaphantsi kwama-30 alukrunqabanga umphezulu wolwazi lonke lotyalo-mali, kodwa kulungile. Asizami ukuqeqesha udidi olulandelayo lwe-hedge fund izizukulwana, kodwa kunoko ukunika umntu ophakathi ulwazi olwaneleyo kunye nokuzithemba ukuba aqale ukwenza utyalo-mali ngokwakhe.
Iimali zotyalo-mali
Ingxowa mali mutual luhlobo olulawulwa ngobungcali lotyalo mali oluhambelana nemali yakho nabanye abatyali mali. Abaphathi bengxowa-mali basebenzisa imali eqokelelweyo ukuthenga ukhuseleko kwiqela.
Kukulungele ukuqala ukutyalomali kwiingxowa-mali kunye okanye ukutshintshiselana ngemali kunokuba kwisitokisi ngasinye kunye neebhondi de iinyawo zakho zimanzi. Ezi ntlobo zeemali zikuvumela ukuba utyale imali kwipotifoliyo ebanzi yesitokhwe kunye neebhondi kwintengiselwano enye kunokuba uzithengisele ngokwakho.
Ayilulo kuphela utyalo-mali olukhuselekileyo (kuba ahlukile), kodwa kuhlala kubiza kakhulu ukutyala ngale ndlela. Uya kuhlawula ikhomishini enye yorhwebo okanye ungahlawuli nto (ukuba uthe uthenga ingxowa-mali ethe ngqo kwinkampani yeengxowa-mali), endaweni yokuhlawula iikhomishini zorhwebo ukuze uthenge ishumi elinambini okanye nangaphezulu.
Nangona iimali ezihlangeneyo zinokuthengwa kuyo nayiphi na iakhawunti yomrhwebi, uya konga imali kwiirhafu zokurhweba ngokuthenga iimali ngokuthe ngqo kwinkampani yeengxowa mali ezinje nge-E * TRADE okanye Utyala imali. Ezi ntlobo zeemali zikuvumela ukuba utyale imali kwipotifoliyo enkulu yesitokhwe kunye neebhondi kwintengiselwano enye kunokuba uzithengisele ngokwakho.
Iibhondi zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo
Nokuba ngumdibaniselwano, umasipala, okanye unondyebo, iibhondi ziyindlela elungileyo yokunyusa utyalomali lwakho ngokuchasene nempumelelo yamanye amaziko. Iibhondi lukhuseleko lwetyala oluphakamisa ukulingana kwabanye. Baxhasa ngemali iinkampani ezintsha, iiprojekthi zasekhaya, kunye noRhulumente wase-United States. Ngelixa kungekho mali-mali ingenabungozi, iibhondi zikarhulumente (i-T-Bonds) zezona zisondeleyo onokuzifumana.
Iibhonasi ezifanelekileyo. Unokujonga nokutyala imali kwiibhondi ezifanelekileyo. Iibhonasi ezifanelekileyo zii-10 zeedola inye, kwaye zinikezela ngexabiso elimiselweyo lokubuya kwe-5%. Ibhondi nganye inesithuba seenyanga ezingama-36 kwaye inzala ihlawulwa ngeveki. Qokelela ibhonasi nanini na ufuna (nangaphambi kokuba iphelelwe) kwaye awusoze uhlawule isohlwayo.
Imali oyityala kwiibhondi ezifanelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukuxhasa amashishini aseMelika, kwaye kufanelekile kukhethwa kakhulu ngamashishini abolekisa ngawo. Batyale imali kuphela kwiinkampani ezineeasethi ezingamanzi ezigqithileyo kwimali mboleko, zehlisa umngcipheko wokubuyela okumangalisayo nge-5%.
Abatyalomali abagunyazisiweyo kunye nabangamkelekanga bayamkeleka kwaye banokuthenga ii-bond ezili-10 zeedola ngendlela abathanda ngayo.
Abacebisi beRobo
Ukuba uzama ukuqala njengomtyali mali wokuqala, enye indlela kukuhamba kwindlela yabacebisi ngerobo. Eyona ndlela ilula yokuqonda amandongomane kunye neebholiti zabacebisi ngee-robo kukuba ngabacebisi ngezezimali abasebenzisa izilungiso ukubonelela ngeyona ngcebiso ilungileyo kutyalo mali.
Abacebisi ngeRobo baziwa kakhulu okwangoku kuba benza ukuba utyalomali lufikeleleke kuwo wonke umntu. Eziapps zisebenziseka ngokulula zilunge ngakumbi, ziyafikeleleka, kwaye zinobuncinci botyalo-mali obuncinci kunabacebisi abaqhelekileyo bemali.
Kwakhona, akukho broker yotyalo mali kwaye iindleko ziphantsi xa kuthelekiswa neenkampani zolawulo lwemveli. Kukho itoni yabacebisi abakhulu be robo phaya, kodwa njengoko kunjalo ngayo yonke into, ayingabo bonke abacebisi nge robo abafanelekileyo kubo bonke abatyali mali.
Ukubheja kwimarike yaseSpain
Ukusukela ngoku ukuya phambili, abatyali mali banokuzibeka kwiinkampani ezineengxelo zengeniso ezigqwesileyo kwaye ezifumene isohlwayo esingekho sikweni kunyaka ophelileyo, kunye nokubheja kwezinye iimarike ezinje ngeJamani okanye isiFrentshi, kwaye bakhethe enye yeUnited States. eguquguqukayo evumela ukuba umtyali mali alindele ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo.
Ukuthatha izikhundla kwii-equities zaseYurophu eziphambili okanye abarhwebi Bakhetha iinkampani ezihamba phambili kumacandelo abo: iBayer, iNestlé okanye iAllianz, kodwa bakhetha ukuthengwa okuthe ngqo kumacandelo onxibelelwano ngocingo kunye neetekhnoloji ezintsha, ngomngcipheko omkhulu kutyalo mali, njengeVodafone okanye iNokia. I-Acciona, i-BBVA, i-BME, i-Endesa, i-Enagas, iGrifols, i-Iberdrola, i-Red Eléctrica, iTecnicas Reunidas kunye neTelefonica zezinye zezokhuseleko ezithandwa ngabantu abaninzi xa belungiselela ipotifoliyo yokhuseleko ngonyaka ka-2020.