I-GDP kwilizwe

Zininzi izalathi zentsebenzo yezoqoqosho lwamazwe. Kuzo zonke, i ezona zikhombisi zifumanekayo zixhomekeke kwimveliso yonyaka yeempahla kunye neenkonzo Lelizwe kunye neenkonzo zezoqoqosho okanye, njengoko abanye bayibiza njalo, yeyayo imveliso eyongeziweyo.

Oku kulinganiswa nge imveliso iyonke yelizwe (GDP) okanye Ixabiso lilonke lentengiso yazo zonke iimpahla zokugqibela kunye neenkonzo eziveliswayo elizweni enyakeni. I-GDP ibandakanya iimpahla kunye neenkonzo eziveliswa ngaphakathi kwemida yelizwe, ngezixhobo ezibonelelwa ngabemi bayo.

Yiyo loo nto i-GDP yaseSpain ingabandakanyi ixabiso lazo zonke iimoto zeSeat eziveliswe kumzi-mveliso waseMartorell, kodwa nakwiifektri zeRenault, nokuba uphawu lolwaseFrance naseSpanish ngokwahlukeneyo.

El I-GDP ilinganisa ixabiso lentengiso yemveliso yonyakaOko kukuthi, ngokwemilinganiselo yayo yemali. Oku kufanele ukuba kube njalo ukuba sifuna ukuthelekisa iiseti zeempahla kunye neenkonzo eziveliswa kwiminyaka eyahlukeneyo kwaye sinoluvo lwexabiso labo elinxulumene nentsingiselo yabo bonke.

Ukuba ilizwe livelisa iisofa ezintathu kunye neekhompyuter ezimbini ngonyaka we-1, kunye neeorenji ezimbini kunye nama-apile amathathu ngonyaka wesi-2. Yeyiphi iminyaka emibini kwaba nemveliso ngakumbi? Kuyimfuneko ukubeka ixabiso eliqhelekileyo kwimveliso nganye kwaye uthelekise ixabiso lemveliso lonyaka ngamnye ukuze wazi ukuba i-GDP yehlile okanye yakhula ngonyaka wesi-2. Oku siza kuyibona kamva.

Isidingo sokuphepha ukubalwa kwemali kwi-GDP yamazwe

Ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo I-GDP yamazwe, kufuneka kubalwe kube kanye kuphela zonke iimpahla kunye neenkonzo kunyaka othile.

Uninzi lweemveliso luhamba ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo emveliso ngaphambi kokufika kwintengiso. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, ezinye iziqwenga zinokuba sele zinokhenketho, kwaye ubuncinci ithuba elinye sele lithengisiwe. Ukuthintela ukuphindaphindwa kokubalwa kweempahla kunye neenkonzo, i-GDP ibala kuphela iimpahla zokugqibela kwaye ishiye iimpahla eziphakathi.

Los Izinto zokugqibela ziimpahla kunye neenkonzo ezifunyanwa ngumthengi ukuze azisebenzise ekugqibeleni hayi ukuyithengisa okanye ukuyifaka kwinkqubo eyongezelelweyo yokwenza okanye yokuvelisa. Zizinto ezithengiwe ukuba zisetyenziswe.

Izinto ezingena ngaphakathi zizimpahla kunye neenkonzo ezifunyanwa ngumthengi ukuze azibeke kwinkqubo yemveliso okanye ukuphinda athengiswe.

El Ixabiso lezinto zokugqibela zezo zibalwa njenge-GDPNgelixa iimpahla eziphakathi zingabandakanywa kubalo lwe-GDP yelizwe. Ngoba? Kungenxa yokuba amaxabiso ezinto eziphakathi sele ebandakanyiwe kwixabiso lokugqibela lokulungileyo. Ukuba bebengafakwanga ngaphandle, bekungabalwa inani elingapheliyo lamaxesha, inyusa ixabiso le-GDP, kwaye ukwenza ukubalwa kwayo kube lilize kwaye kungachaneki.

Obu buso bubini be-GDP yamazwe: inkcitho kunye nengeniso

Makhe sibone ngoku ukuba Ixabiso lentengiso yemveliso iyonke, okanye ngenjongo yethu, iyunithi enye yemveliso. Masikhumbule umzekelo kwimihlathi embalwa edlulileyo: ulilinganisa njani ixabiso lekhompyuter?

Sinako ukuseka uhlawula malini umboleki okanye umsebenzisi. Okanye sinokongeza umvuzo: umvuzo, irente, inzala kunye neenzuzo eziveliswe ngexesha lokuveliswa kwekhompyuter.

Imveliso yokugqibela kunye neendlela zokongeza ixabiso zindlela ezimbini zokubona into enye. Okuchithiweyo kwimveliso kwamkelwa njengengeniso kwabo banegalelo kwimveliso yayo.

Umzekelo, ukuba i-350 yeerandi ichithwa kwikhompyuter, eso sixa se- € 350 sisambuku semali efunyenwe kwimveliso yaso. Ke, ukuba uzophula iinkampani ezibonelela ngamalungu kunye neenkonzo, kunye nomenzi, ziya kongeza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-350 euros.

Ngokucacileyo, ukuba ixabiso lokugqibela lekhompyuter liphezulu kuneendleko, kukho inzuzo, kwaye ukuba ixabiso lingaphantsi kweendleko zemveliso, kukho ilahleko. Kuyafana ne-GDP yamazwe: zimbini iindlela zokuyijonga.

Inye kukubona njenge isambuku sazo zonke iindleko zemveliso iyonke, Yintoni eyaziwa ngokuba 'yindlela yokuchitha'. Olunye uluvo lwe-GDP ngokwemali yengeniso efunyenweyo okanye evelisiweyo kwimveliso yeempahla kunye neenkonzo, eyaziwa ngokuba 'yindlela yomvuzo okanye yesibonelelo', okanye 'indlela yengeniso'.

Kulungile ke Singayilinganisela i-GDP yamazwe ngeendlela ezimbini: ukongeza yonke into esetyenziselwa ukuthenga ikhompyuter, okanye ukongeza yonke ingeniso efunyenwe ngumthengisi othenge kuye ikhompyuter, umzekelo.

Kodwa zombini ziyinxalenye yokulingana, oko kukuthi, into echithiweyo yingeniso kwabo bavelise imveliso, nokuba ngabasebenzi bakho, iarhente yokuthengiswa kwezindlu kunye notyalo mali.

Ukuthembeka kumlinganiso, amazwe afumana ulwazi oluninzi kwiiarhente zamanani zesizwe, eziqokelela, ziququzelele kwaye zilinganise yonke into ukusuka kwinani elikhulu lemithombo, emva koko benze ukubala ngokweekhrayitheriya zamanye amazwe.

Umgaqo wamazwe ngamazwe wokulinganisa i-GDP yamazwe akwiNkqubo yeeAkhawunti zeSizwe, ezilungiselelwe yiNgxowa-mali yeMali yeHlabathi, yiKhomishini yaseYurophu, kunye noMbutho weNtsebenziswano kwezoQoqosho noPhuhliso, uMbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo kunye neBhanki yeHlabathi.

E-Spain, ophethe umlinganiso we-GDP yokwenyani (inqaku elilandelayo), ngu IZiko leLizwe leNkcukacha-manani.

I-GDP yokwenyani yamazwe

Inye into abantu abafuna ukuyazi malunga noqoqosho lwabo kukwazi ukuba ngaba I-GDP yelizwe ikhule okanye yehlile. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba i-GDP ibalwa ngokwemigaqo, oko kukuthi, kwintengiso yangoku, amaxesha amabini akanakuthelekiswa ngaphandle kokulungisa ixesha ngalinye. Olu hlengahlengiso lwenziwa ngokunyuka kwamaxabiso.

ukuba ukubala "GDP" yokwenyaniIxabiso layo kufuneka lihlengahlengiswe kuthathelwa ingqalelo utshintsho lwamaxabiso ukuze kwaziwe ukuba ilizwe likhulile na okanye hayi, kwaye malini. Isixhobo esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi okanye ubuchule yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi 'price deflator', ukulungisa i Igama elibizwa ngokuba yi-GDP ngamaxabiso ahlala esenzeka.

I-GDP yamazwe ibaluleke kakhulu, kuba isinika ulwazi malunga nobungakanani boqoqosho kunye nendlela eliziphatha ngayo. Izinga lokukhula kwe-GDP yokwenyani isetyenziswa rhoqo ukumisela impilo ngokubanzi kuqoqosho lwelizwe. Ngokubanzi, ukuba i-GDP iyakhula, itolikwa njengophawu lokuba uqoqosho lwelizwe luqhuba kakuhle.

Xa I-GDP ikhula ngamandla, ingqesho ingonyuka njengoko iinkampani zifunwa kakhulu, kufuneka zenze iifektri ezininzi kwaye abantu banemali eninzi kuba banemisebenzi.

Kwelinye icala, ukuba Izivumelwano ze-GDP, Ngokwesiqhelo ingqesho iyancipha kuba umzi mveliso welizwe kufuneka unciphise ukubonelelwa kwawo. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-GDP iyakhula, kodwa ayikhawulezi okanye iqinile ngokwaneleyo ukudala imisebenzi eyaneleyo yabantu abayifunayo, njengoko kunjalo kwilizwe lethu namhlanje.

Ezinye iingcali zezoqoqosho ziyaqinisekisa ukuba I-GDP yokwenyani ihamba ngemijikelezo ngokuhamba kwexesha: Uqoqosho ludibana namaxesha okunyuka, ngamanye amaxesha ukukhula kuyacotha, njenge "ukwehla kwezoqoqosho" okudumileyo e-United States emva kohlaselo lwe-Iraq, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha, ukudodobala kwezoqoqosho kuyenzeka, okwenzekayo xa i-GDP iwela kabini ngokulandelelana. semesters.

ISpain, umzekelo, ikhe yafumana amaxesha ohlukeneyo okwehla kwemali ukusukela kutshintsho:

1. Ukusuka kwikota yesibini ka-1992, ukuya kwikota yesithathu ka-1993, xa ikhule ngo-0,9
2. Ukusuka kwikota yokuqala ka-2008 ukuya kwikota yokuqala yowama-2010
3. Ukusuka kwikota yesibini ka-2011 ukuya kwikota yesithathu ka-2014, xa ikhule nge-0,1%. Eli lelona xesha lide lokudodobala kwedemokhrasi eSpain.

Oko i-GDP yamazwe ingasixeleliyo

Okokugqibela: kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba yintoni I-GDP yamazwe ayinakusixelela. I-GDP ayingomlinganiso womgangatho wokuphila okanye wentlalo-ntle yelizwe.

Nangona utshintsho kwifayile ye- ukuveliswa kwempahla kunye neenkonzo kumntu ngamnye (i-GDP ngomntu ngamnye) zihlala zisetyenziswa njengenyathelo lokuba ummi welizwe uphila ngcono okanye kakubi, ayizithathi izinto ezijongwa njengezibalulekileyo kwimpilo-ntle ngokubanzi

Umzekelo: ukwanda kwe-GDP kunokuthetha inani elikhulu lokungcola kunye nokonakaliswa kwendalo, okanye inqanaba lengxolo kwiintloko zamazwe, ukuncitshiswa kwexesha lokukhulula okanye ukungabikho kokudibanisa ubomi bobungcali kunye nosapho, ukudinwa kokunga- Imithombo yendalo enokuhlaziywa, njl.

Umgangatho wobomi uxhomekeke nasekuhanjisweni kweGDP phakathi kwabahlali belizwe, hayi kwinqanaba nje eliqhelekileyo.

Ukulungelelanisa ezi zinto, iZizwe eziManyeneyo zibala i-Index yoPhuhliso lwaBantu, eyahlula amazwe kungekuphela kwi-GDP, kodwa esekwe: kulindeleke ukuba baphile, kwinqanaba lokufunda, ukulingana phakathi kwamadoda nabasetyhini, ukuxhatshazwa kwabantwana, ukungalingani kwemivuzo, njl.

Kukho ii-indices ezingakumbi zokuhlengahlengisa konke oku kunye ne-GDP, kodwa khange kwenzeke ukuba kusekwe eyamkelweyo kwilizwe liphela njengenyathelo lomlinganiso.