Iimali zotyalo-mali sesinye sezixhobo ezikhethiweyo kubatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi. Njengenye indlela yokwenyani kwinzuzo ephantsi eboniswe ziimveliso zebhanki kwaye ziziphi ezimalunga noko amanqanaba asezantsi ukusukela iminyaka emininzi. Ngale ndlela, kwanele ukukhumbula ukuba ezona mveliso ziphambili zebhanki (iidipozithi zexesha elimisiweyo, iibhondi okanye iiakhawunti ezinengeniso ephezulu) zigqithile kumanqanaba ee-0,5%. Ngenxa yexabiso eliphantsi lemali kwaye oko kukhokelele ekubeni inzuzo yayo ibe sezantsi kwimbali iminyaka eliqela ngoku.
Kodwa kuyo nayiphi na imeko, izigqibo zihlala zijolise kwiimali zotyalo-mali eziguqukayo kunye nezisisigxina. Ziyaziwa kakhulu kwaye ziphi ukuhamba kwemali labasebenzisi, ukwenzakalisa abanye. Kodwa kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba kukho ubomi obungaphaya kwezi modeli zotyalo-mali ngaphakathi kwezi mali ngokwazo. Ukuze uzivulele amathuba amatsha eshishini, siza kukuveza kwelinye udidi lweemali zotyalo-mali onokuthi uzirhumele ukusukela ngoku. Ayothusi into yokuba banokukunceda uphume ngaphezulu kwengxaki enye kwiinyanga ezizayo.
Uninzi lwezi mali zixabisekileyo ziyindabuko ngokwenene, kodwa ezinye kunjalo baya kukumangalisa ngokuvela kwabo Nokuba ii-asethi eziyimali zibandakanya kwipotifoliyo yazo. Kungenxa yokuba into emalunga nokuba unokwenza ukonga okunenzuzo ngaphezulu kwembuyekezo enikezelwa ziimveliso zebhanki. Ngayiphi na imeko, inye into ekufuneka ucace gca ukusukela ngoku kwaye yile mveliso yokonga ayiqinisekisiyo nakuphi na ukubuya okungaguqukiyo. Ukuba akunjalo, ngokuchaseneyo, kuya kuxhomekeka kwindaleko yeemarike zezemali.
Ukuhanjiswa kweeasethi zemali
Malunga nepotifoliyo yakho yotyalo-mali, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ilifa lemveli ngokweendidi Ii-IICs kwihlabathi liphela ekupheleni kuka-2018 zisasazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ii-akhawunti zengeniso eziguquguqukayo ezingama-45,4%, ingeniso esisigxina engama-20,5%, ixutywe nge-12,5%, imali eyi-11,9, i-1,6%, iarhente yokuthengiswa kwezindlu kunye ne-8,0% kunye ne-4,4% eseleyo. I-Equity etyalwe kwii-ETFs kwilizwe liphela inyukile kwakhona kwaye yema kwi-2018 yezigidi zeerandi ngo-Septemba ngo-3,87 ukusuka kwi-80 ngo-Disemba wonyaka ophelileyo. Kwezi, iipesenti ezingama-16 yingeniso eyahlukileyo kunye ne-XNUMX% yengeniso esisigxina.
Malunga ne imirhumo Kude kube ngo-2018 bangama-791.308 ezigidi zeerandi (i-153.401 yezigidi zeerandi kwikota yesithathu), ngaphantsi kwe-1,81 yezigidigidi ze-euro kwangelo xesha linye lika-2017. Kwimali ebhalisiweyo kwi-CIS eqokelelwe kude kube ngu-Septemba 2018, i-36,7, i-276.477% ihambelana nee-IICs zaseYurophu. Ngelizwe, kufanelekile ukuqaqambisa izigidi ezingama-34,9 zezigidi zokunyusa ingxowa-mali ye-UCITS eUnited States (i-XNUMX% yetotali iyonke ngonyaka), ikakhulu ijolise kwiNgeniso eSisigxina kunye neNgeniso eyaHlukeneyo ye-UCITS
Iimali zotyalo-mali: imali
Le yenye yeemodeli zesiko ngokugqwesa kwimeko yotyalo-mali, nangona inengxaki yokuba inzuzo yayo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku incinci kakhulu. Ngemida yokulamla yabambalwa kuphela zimbalwa izishumi zepesenti kwimeko elungileyo. Oku kubhekisa kwingxowa mali yotyalo-mali esekwe kwi-euro, eyeyona mveliso izinzileyo kwaye ikude neentshukumo zokungazinzi kwaye mhlawumbi nangokungazinzi okuqhelekile kwiingxowa mali zotyalo mali.
Ukungazinzi okukhoyo kwiimarike zezemali kwezi nyanga zidlulileyo kuye kwanefuthe elibi kwindaleko ye iiasethi zengxowa mali yotyalo mali ngenyanga kaNovemba. Ke, umthamo wee-asethi zokhuselo lotyalo-mali ubhalise ukwehla kwe-1.382 yezigidi ze-euro ngo-Novemba, emi kwi-265.140 yezigidi ze-euro, i-0,5% ngaphantsi kwe-Okthobha. Kwi-2018 iphelele kwaye ngaphandle kokusebenza gwenxa kweemarike kwi-2018, iiasethi zengxowa mali zotyalo-mali zifumene ukukhula nge-2.017 yezigidi zeerandi, i-0,8% ngaphezulu kunasekupheleni kuka-2017.
Iimali eziqinisekisiweyo
Ngaphakathi kweli klasi leemveliso yenzelwe olona tyalo-mali ludala Akunakulityalwa ukuba imali eqinisekisiweyo idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekufuneni abatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi. Ngesizathu esilula kakhulu kwaye kukuba ngabo kuphela abaqinisekisa ukusebenza okungagungqiyo minyaka le. Kwelinye icala, ayinakulityalwa ukuba iimali eziqinisekisiweyo zikhokelele kubume bemirhumo yenyanga kaNovemba nge-252 yezigidi zeerandi kwaye yaqokelela i-266 yezigidi zeerandi ngonyaka.
Olu didi lweemali zotyalo mali lubonelela ngokhuseleko olukhulu kubatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi, phakathi kwezinye izizathu kuba ulondolozo lweemali ezinkulu ezityaliwe ngaphezulu kwezinye izinto eziqwalaselweyo. Umzekelo, ukwanda kwengeniso kule klasi yemveliso enokuthambeka okukhulu phakathi kwabasebenzisi kwilizwe lethu. Nokuba kunjalo, kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ukusukela ngoku ukuya phambili ukuba olu didi lweemali zotyalo-mali lubonakaliswe ngokusisiseko kukungazinzi okukhoyo.
Iimali ezinoxanduva kwezentlalo
Zezinye zezona zingaziwayo ngabatyali mali xa zinokuba yinzuzo efanayo njengabanye. Kodwa ngumahluko obonakalayo kwaye leyo kukuba le modality ye-atypical isekwe kukhetho lwezinye iikhrayitheriya zokwenza iphothifoliyo yabo. Oko kukuthi, kuxhomekeke Inkqubo yokusingqongileyo, ulawulo lwentlalo kunye noluntu, phakathi kwezinye iindlela zokukhetha imodeli yotyalo-mali. Igalelo elikhulu lolu didi lweemveliso kukuba bavumela abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba bahambisane nendlela yabo yokucinga okanye baqonde nje ubomi.
Kwelinye icala, imali ebizwa ngokuba luxanduva kwezentlalo zithengiswa rhoqo phakathi kwabaphathi bengxowa-mali. Omnye wale mizekelo uboniswa yi-BBVA Sustainable fund ejolise kubatyali mali abavela iprofayili yolondolozo, zilawulwa ngeekhrayitheriya ze-SRI ezigqibezela uluhlu lweemali ezinoxanduva kwezentlalo. Olunye ukhetho liKamva eliZinzileyo, eliyimali eyabelwe iiasethi kwilizwe jikelele etyale ityala lomntu, ikhredithi kunye nokulingana kusetyenziswa iikhrayitheriya ze-ESG koorhulumente nakwiinkampani.
Ngokusekwe kuguquguquko
Kuyaziwa kubo bonke ukuba unyaka odlulileyo khange ube mhle kakhulu kwicandelo lengxowa-mali yotyalo-mali, oluye lwaphela lubi. Kuzo zonke iindlela, kokubini kwingeniso eguqukayo kunye nengatshintshiyo okanye nakwezinye iimodeli zotyalo-mali. Ukuba lo nyaka ubufana, isisombululo besinokuvela kwenye yeemali zotyalo mali ezingaziwa ngabatyali zimali abancinci nabaphakathi, ezinje ngezo zisekwe kukungazinzi. Ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba babe inzuzo kakhulu ngalo mzuzu wokudibana.
Ngale ndlela, okoko iimarike zamashishini ezingenanzala emisiweyo zibonisa ukungazinzi okukhulu, ezi mali zikhethekileyo zotyalo-mali ziya kuziphatha ngcono. Inxalenye encinci yemali yethu ekhoyo inokusetyenziselwa ukuvula izikhundla kwezi iimpahla zezimali Ikhetheke ngokukodwa kwaye uzame ukuphucula isitetimenti sengeniso ukusukela ngoku. Nangona kuyinyani ukuba imisebenzi yabo inomngcipheko omkhulu kwaye ayizukubakho enye indlela ngaphandle kokuyilawula ngokubeka esweni ukujonga izikhundla zabo. Nokuba kukho isidingo sokuyitshintshela kwenye indlela ngaphakathi kwengxowa mali.
Iimali ezithengisa izindlu nomhlaba
Kungalixesha lokutyala imali kwisitena kwakhona kwaye ufumane inzuzo eyinkunzi ngezi ntlobo zemisebenzi kwiimarike zemali. Ayothusi into yokuba le misebenzi ikhule nge-13% kunyaka ophelileyo, nangona kungakho umahluko omncinci ukusukela ngoku. Ngale ndlela, izifundo ezahlukeneyo kunye neengxelo ezivela kwicandelo zibonisa ukuba kuma-2019 amaxabiso ezindlu azakukhuphuka, asuka kwi-1.650 euros kwimitha yesikwere ngoku kuthengiswa ngayo malunga ne-1.800 euros kwimitha yesikwere.
Ngayiphi na imeko, kubonakala ngathi kunxaxha okungaphantsi kunoko kwaveliswa kwiminyaka edlulileyo. Ngoku into ekuya kufuneka ihlolwe kukuba ingaba lo nyaka uza kuvelisa indawo yokutshintsha ekuthengweni nasekuthengisweni kwamakhaya. Ngale ndlela, kukho inani elililo leemali zotyalo-mali ezikhethekileyo kweli candelo libalulekileyo loqoqosho lwaseSpain. Nangona banamakhomishini anamandla kunezinye iimodeli zotyalo-mali.
Kwelinye icala, kunokwenzeka ukudibanisa esi sicwangciso kunye nezinye iiasethi zemali, kokubini kwii-equities kunye nengeniso esisigxina. Njengefomyula yokwahlula utyalomali kwimeko apho ukungazinzi kufakwe ngokusisigxina kwiimarike zezemali. Ngale ndlela, akukho mathandabuzo ukuba uyakuba ukhusela imali oyigcinileyo ngendlela echanekileyo nesebenzayo. Ngaphaya kokunye ukuqwalaselwa kobuchwephesha kwaye mhlawumbi nakwindawo yokujonga izinto ezisisiseko. Ngayiphi na imeko, iya kuba yenye yeemodeli kwiingxowa-mali zotyalo-mali eziya kuthi zithathelwe ingqalelo kulo nyaka zinikwe amathandabuzo amaninzi.
Ngale ndlela, izifundo ezahlukeneyo kunye neengxelo ezivela kwicandelo zibonisa ukuba kuma-2019 amaxabiso ezindlu azakukhuphuka, asuka kwi-1.650 euros kwimitha yesikwere ngoku kuthengiswa ngayo malunga ne-1.800 euros kwimitha yesikwere.