Eli lixesha lokunyuka kweemarike zezabelo kuba uninzi lweepotfoliyo zotyalo-mali zijonge olu phawu ukuze zenze izicwangciso zazo kwiimarike. Kodwa ngaba siyazi ngokwenene ukuba yintoni ebangela ukuba ixabiso liguqulwe? Ewe, i ukutyala ixabiso, okanye ukutyala imali kwixabiso, yindlela yotyalo mali ethi ivelise imbuyekezo entle kwixesha elide. Kuyathethwa ukuba ukhuseleko lixabiso xa lubhalwe apha ngezantsi, kwaye yinto eyenzekayo ngamanye amaxesha kwiinkampani ezidweliswe kwimarike yaseSpain.
Olunye lweempawu zokuqala zokuxabisa utyalo-mali olunegalelo, okanye utyalo-mali kwixabiso, linokubakho ekuphononongweni kwakhona. Iphakame kakhulu kunezinye izindululo zotyalo-mali. Ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba kwizihlandlo ezininzi bafikelela ixabiso lesaphulelo ngaphezulu kwe-20% okanye nangaphezulu kwemida yokungena. Esi sesinye sezona sizathu sibalulekileyo sokuba nomdla kakhulu kubatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi. Oko kukuthi, zibhejethi ezinenzuzo kakhulu kwaye nangona isenokungabi njalo okwethutyana, yonke into ibonisa ukuba baya kufikelela kumaxabiso abo okwenyani kwixesha eliphakathi kwaye ngakumbi ixesha elide.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukutyalomali kwexabiso, okanye utyalo-mali kwixabiso, yindlela ephucukileyo yokusondela kutyalo-mali kwimarike yemasheya. Ukusuka kwisicwangciso-qhinga esithe sanamhlanje esibekwe kwizikhundla ezininzi zotyalo-mali njengefomula yokudala ixabiso kwiimarike zezemali. Ukusuka kolu luvo, alithandabuzeki elokuba ixabiso lesabelo, ekuhambeni kwexesha, liya kuthi libonakalise elona xabiso lenkampani. Le nkqubo ye ukuhlangana phakathi kwexabiso nexabiso Yeyona ivelisa inzuzo esinethemba lokuba inokunikwa ngendlela efanelekileyo nefanelekileyo.
Ixabiso lexabiso: izibonelelo zalo
Enye yeenzuzo zokukhetha esi sicwangciso-mali sikhethekileyo kukuba ekugqibeleni inzuzo esinokuyifumana inokuba phezulu kakhulu kunokuba sikhetha enye inkqubo yokhetho. Akumangalisi ukuba zikhuselekile ezithi ngenxa yezizathu ezithile zidweliswe ngaphantsi kwexabiso lakho. Yinkqubo yokudibanisa ukuba nangaliphi na ixesha inokulungiswa kwaye ibonise imeko ephezulu eya kuthi ikwazi ukukala ukuphakama okanye amanqanaba aphezulu kakhulu kunangoku. Ngayiphi na imeko, okubonakala kucace gca kukuba abathambekanga kangako ekuphuhliseni ukwehla okunamandla.
Elinye lamaqhosha okuchongwa ngokuchanekileyo kukuba umtyali mali olona lwazi lukhulu kurhwebo kwimarike yemasheya kufuneka ahlule phakathi kokungafaniyo kwixabiso lokwenyani lenkampani kunye noko nokuhla kwamaxabiso. Kungenxa yokuba zizinto ezahlukeneyo ezinokuthi ngamanye amaxesha zigqwethe ubumbeko lwamaxabiso abo. Ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba kunokubakho iyantlukwano phakathi kwemodeli enye okanye enye yegalelo ye-20%, i-30% okanye i-50%, kuxhomekeke kwimeko. Ke ngoko, yeyona ndlela ikrelekrele kakhulu yokunyusa utyalomali kwiimarike ze-equity. Zombini ezangaphandle nezangaphandle kwemida yethu kwaye ezinokukunceda ukuhambisa imisebenzi yakho kwezi asethi zemali.
Lindela ukuxabisa amaxabiso
Esinye isiphumo sokutyala imali kule klasi ikhethekileyo yezokhuseleko kukuba umtyali mali omncinci nophakathi ophakathi kunye nexesha elide unokuzuza kutyalo mali kwixabiso. Njani? Ewe, ngendlela elula nesebenzayo njengoko kunjalo ngokukhetha iinkampani ezilungileyo, ukuzuza ngexabiso elihle kwaye ngaphezu kwako konke, ukulinda ngenyameko ukuba ixabiso lidibane nexabiso langaphakathi lenkampani. Umonde sisixhobo esisisiseko ekufuneka siphuhlisiwe sisicwangciso sezi mpawu. Isitshixo kukujonga izitokhwe ezisemgangathweni ezithengisa ngaphantsi kwexabiso lazo lokwenyani. Kwaye le yinto eyenzeka ngamaxesha athile phakathi kwamaxabiso ezabelo zamazwe.
Ngelixa kwelinye icala, xabisa utyalo-mali, okanye utyalomali ngexabiso, kunqabile ukuba kuvelise iintshukumo zokuqikelela kobunzulu obukhulu ngakumbi ngexesha elide kakhulu. Siya kuba nokhuseleko oluphezulu lokuba kungekudala okanye kamva ixabiso elifanelekileyo liya kufikelelwa njengomvuzo wokuhlala kwethu ngokusisigxina kwixabiso lemarike yemasheya. Kwelinye icala, akufuneki ilibale ukuba ezokhuseleko, ngokubanzi, zezona zongxowa mali ziphezulu kwaye bahambisa izihloko ezininzi kuzo zonke iiseshoni zorhwebo. Ngobutyebi obuphezulu kwaye oko kusivumela ukuba singene kwaye sibaphume ngaphandle kobunzima obukhethekileyo.
Idityanisiwe kwingxowa mali
Enye into ekufuneka ivavanywe koku kukuba ukutyala ixabiso, okanye utyalomali ngexabiso, yinxalenye yeephothifoliyo ezininzi kwiingxowa mali. Ziyimali ezaziwa njengexabiso okanye ixabiso, sisinye isicwangciso esisebenzayo sokwenza ukonga kunenzuzo ngale mveliso yemali. Apho, i iilokhwe unamandla, kunye nemida ebanzi yokhuseleko, khusela abatyali zimali ngokwexabiso kokubini kukungazinzi kweemarike nakwiimpazamo zotyalomali ezinokwenzeka. Konke oku kunokwenzeka ngakumbi kwiimali ezihlangeneyo ezifuna ukuthenga nokuthengisa izabelo kwimarike yemasheya ngokukodwa.
Kwelinye icala, ngokusebenzisa imali yotyalo-mali yezi mpawu, iyantlukwano enkulu yotyalo-mali inokufikelelwa. Ngokusebenzisa izindululo ezivela kumacandelo ahlukeneyo, inqanaba lentengo enkulu kunye nendlela yokulawula ishishini lakho. Kusebenza kakhulu ukuthintela iimeko ze- ukwanda kokungazinzi kwiimarike zezabelo. Ngale ndlela, ngakumbi nangakumbi imali yotyalo-mali inexabiso kutyalo-mali, okanye utyalo-mali kwixabiso, umthombo wazo wesalathiso wokuphucula ipotifoliyo yotyalo-mali. Ngokusebenzisa amacebo otyalo-mali athi atyhalele iindlela eziqhelekileyo kwiimarike zezemali.
Yinto, ke ngoko, enye indlela enokuba yinzuzo kakhulu ukukhusela umdla wethu kwiimarike zezabelo. Ngabalandeli abaninzi ababonakala kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo ngenxa yamathandabuzo avelayo okwenza ukuba imali yabo efumanekayo ibe nenzuzo. Ukuya kuthi ga kwixabiso lokutyala, okanye utyalo-mali kwixabiso unokuba ngu isisombululo kwiingxaki zethu ukususela ngoku ukuya phambili. Ngokukhetha okungapheliyo okuhlangabezana nazo zonke ezi mpawu sizithethile kweli nqaku. Ngenjongo ecace gca: ukwenza imali kwimarike yemasheya kwaye kokukhona kuya kudityaniswa. Ngale ndlela, zininzi ngakumbi nangakumbi iimali zotyalo-mali ezinexabiso lotyalo-mali, okanye zotyalo-mali kwixabiso
Umzekelo ocacileyo wexabiso: iSantander
Kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka, umda wenzala yayizi-17.636 yezigidi zeerandi, i-4% ngaphezulu kwelo xesha lonyaka ophelileyo, ngelixa imali mboleko kunye nomthengi Ikhule i-4% kunye ne-6%, ngokulandelelana, kwii-euro rhoqo (Oko kukuthi, ngaphandle kwempembelelo yamaxabiso otshintshiselwano). Kwikota yesibini, ibhanki inyuse inani labathengi ngesigidi esinye, ngoku iSantander ikhonza i-142 yezigidi, ngaphezulu kwayo nayiphi na enye ibhanki eYurophu naseMelika.
Ngelixa kwelinye icala, zonke iinkonzo zedijithali zihlelwe zayunithi entsha yeSandander Global Platform ukuqhuba iqhinga. Inkqubo ye- ukwamkelwa kwedijithali Iqhubekile nokukhula kwisemester kwaye sele kukho abathengi abangama-34,8 ezigidi abasebenzisa iinkonzo zedijithali zeSantander. Ngokomndilili, abathengi abangama-240 bangena kwelinye lamaqonga ebhanki ahambayo okanye edijithali qho ngomzuzwana, emele ukwanda kwe-28% kwiinyanga ezili-12 ezidlulileyo. Apho umgangatho wekhredithi uqhubekile nokuphucuka, ngokuncitshiswa kwenkohliso yamanqaku esiseko esi-11 kwikota, ukuya kwi-3,51%, ngelixa iindleko zekhredithi zihlala zizinzile kwi-0,98%.
Ngeendleko ezintsha zohlengahlengiso
Kwelinye icala, iziphumo zeshishini zeqela lezemali zibonisa ukuba Ubungakanani bemali ye-CET1 ngoku ikwi-11,30%Amanqaku angama-50 ngaphezulu konyaka ophelileyo, kwaye iSantander iseyeyona bhanki inenzuzo kwaye isebenzayo emhlabeni phakathi koontanga bayo, kunye nembuyekezo kwimali eqhelekileyo ebonakalayo (RoTE) ye-11,7%, kunye nomyinge wokusebenza kwe-47,4% . Ukulandela intsalela ye-108 yezigidi ebhengezwe kwikota yokuqala, ibhanki ibhukishe intlawulo entsha ye-706 yezigidi kwikota yesibini, ikakhulu iindleko ezilindelekileyo zohlengahlengiso eSpain nase-United Kingdom (626 yezigidi zeerandi), kunye nolungiselelo olongezelelweyo lokuhlawula i-inshurensi yokhuselo (PPI) eUnited Kingdom (€ 80 yezigidi).
Ngayiphi na imeko, ezi ntlawulo zibangele ukuhla kwinzuzo enokubakho kwikota yesibini ye-18% ngonyaka-ngonyaka, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.391 yezigidi zeerandi. Ngaphandle kwala matyala, ikota yesibini yenzuzo yesiqhelo ibingama-2.097 ezigidi zeerandi, i-5% ngaphezulu kwekota enye yonyaka ophelileyo: eyona nzuzo iphezulu yekota ukusukela ngo-2011, eqhutywa kukwanda okunamandla kwemali-mboleko eLatin America, ukuphucula ukuqhubeka kwenzuzo eMntla Melika njenge kunye neendleko ezincitshisiweyo eYurophu.