Zvikamu zvinotengeswa pane yakatarwa stock exchange (exchanges) senge National Stock Exchange (NSE) uye Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) kana zviri zvemakambani anotengeswa neruzhinji. Zvikamu zvinogona zvakare kuve zvemakambani asina kunyorwa uye zvinogona kutengeswa zvakavanzika kuburikidza nekutengesa-kunze kwemusika.
Iko kushanda kwese kwekambani, pamwe nekuenzanisa kwayo kwekuenzanirana nevezera rayo, kunokanganisa mutengo wayo wemugove, kungave kwakanaka kana kushata. Ndichiri investor kukwanisa kutenga nemutengo wakaderera uye kutengesa nemutengo wakakwirira, masheya anogona kuburitsa purofiti, kana zvakapesana zvikaitika, kurasikirwa kunowanikwa.
Kunyangwe izvo zvingangodzoka zvakakwirira kune equity investments zvichienzaniswa nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvekudyara, njodzi dzinowanzo kuve dzakanyanya. Masheya emakambani ane akakwira-kukosha midziyo anonzi makuru-cap makambani. Makambani madiki ane yakaderera capitalization kukosha anosarudzwa sediki uye epakati-cap makambani.
Kutengesa masheya pamusika wekutengesa
Kuisa mari mumatokisi ndeimwe nzira huru yekuwedzera hupfumi. Kune varairidzi venguva refu, masheya imari yakanaka yekudyara kunyangwe panguva dzekushomeka kwemusika - kuputsika kwemusika wemasheya senge iwo atakaona kusvika zvino gore rino zvinongoreva kuti akawanda emasheya ari kutengeswa.
Asi iwe unotanga sei kutanga? Tora nhanho dzinotevera kuti udzidze maitiro ekudyara mumusika wemasheya.
Sarudza maitiro aunoda kuisa mari mumatanda
Kune nzira dzinoverengeka dzekusvika pakuisa mari mumatokisi. Sarudza sarudzo pazasi inonyatsomiririra nzira yaunoda kuisa mari, uye kuti ingani danda raungade kuva naro mukusarudza matura aunodyara mairi.
"Ndini rudzi rwekuzviitira uye ndiri kufarira kuzvisarudzira masheya pamwe nemari yemastock." Ramba uchiverenga; Ichi chinyorwa chinoputsa zvinhu zvinoshanda vatengesi vanofanirwa kuziva. Kana, kana iwe uchitoziva mutambo wekutenga masheya uye uchingoda mumwe broker, tarisa kutenderera kwedu kweakanakisa online broker.
"Ndinoziva masheya anogona kunge ari mari yakanaka, asi ndinoda mumwe munhu kuti andibate." Iwe unogona kuve mukwikwidzi akanaka weiyo robo-chipangamazano, sevhisi iyo inopa yakaderera-mutengo wekudyara manejimendi. Anenge mafemu makuru ese ekukweretesa anopa aya masevhisi, kuisa mari yako kwauri zvichibva pazvinangwa zvako. Ona edu makuru robo-chipangamazano sarudzo.
Paunenge uchinge uine chaunoda mupfungwa, wagadzirira kutenga account.
Vhura account yekudyara
Kazhinji, kuisa mari mumatanda, unoda account yekudyara. Kune iwo anoshanda marudzi, izvi zvinowanzoreva account ye brokerage. Kune avo vanoda rubatsiro diki, kuvhura account kuburikidza neano robo-chipangamazano isarudzo inonzwisisika. Isu tinoputsa zvese zviri zviviri maitiro pazasi.
Pfungwa yakakosha: Vaviri vatengesi uye maRobo-vanopa mazano vanokutendera iwe kuvhura account nemari shoma kwazvo - pazasi tinonyora vanoverengeka vanopa ine yakaderera kana isina account shoma.
Vhura account
Iyo yepamhepo brokerage account inogona kupa inokurumidza uye isingadhuri nzira yekutenga masheya, mari, uye dzakasiyana siyana dzimwe mari. Uine broker, iwe unogona kuvhura account yemumwe munhu yekurega basa, inozivikanwawo seIRA - heano edu epamusoro maIRA account sarudzo - kana iwe unogona kuvhura accountable mutero brokerage account kana iwe uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge wakaringana kuti ubve pamudyandigere kumwe kunhu.
Tine gwara rekuvhura account ye brokerage kana iwe uchida kudzika kwakadzika. Iwe uchazoda kuongorora vatengesi zvichibva pazvinhu zvakaita semitengo (mari dzekutengesa, mari yeaccount), sarudzo yekudyara (tsvaga sarudzo yakanaka yeECF-yemahara ETFs kana uchifarira mari), uye investor investor uye maturusi.
Robo-chipangamazano anopa mabhenefiti ekudyara mumatokisi, asi haadi muridzi wayo kuti aite basa remunda rinodiwa kuti asarudze hupfumi hwomunhu. Robo-chipangamazano masevhisi anopa yakakwana yekudyara manejimendi: Aya makambani anozobvunza iwe nezve ako ekudyara zvinangwa panguva yekukwira bhodhi uye wozovaka portfolio yakagadzirirwa kuzadzisa izvo zvinangwa.
Izvi zvinogona kunzwika zvichidhura, asi mari dzehutariri pano kazhinji kacho chidimbu chemutengo wezvaizobhadharwa nemaneja wekudyara kwevanhu: Vazhinji varobo-varairidzi vanobhadharisa nezve 0,25% yeakaundi yako account. Uye hongu - iwe unogona zvakare kuwana IRA kubva kune robo-chipangamazano kana uchida.
Dzimwe sarudzo dzekudyara
Ziva musiyano uripo pakati pemasheya uye stock mutual mari. Enda munzira ye DIY? Usanetseke. Kuisa mari mumatokisi hakufanirwe kunge kwakaomarara. Kune vanhu vazhinji, kuisa mari mumusika wemari zvinoreva kusarudza pakati pemhando mbiri idzi dzekudyara:
- Sangano rekudyidzana mari kana kuchinjanisa-akatengesa mari. Mari idzi dzekudyidzana dzinokutendera iwe kuti utenge zvidimbu zvidiki zvezvakawanda zvakasiyana mumatengesi mumwe. Index mari uye ETFs rudzi rwe mutual fund iyo inoteedzera index; Semuenzaniso, iyo Standard & Varombo's mazana mashanu emari inodzokorora iyo index nekutenga zvikamu zvemakambani ayo emakambani. Paunodyara muhomwe, iwe zvakare une zvikamu zvidiki zveimwe yeayo makambani. Iwe unogona kudhiza yakawanda mari kuti ugadzire akasiyana diodfolio. Ziva kuti stock mutual mari zvakare dzimwe nguva inonzi kuenzana mutual mari.
- Zviito zvega. Kana iwe uchitsvaga yakatarwa kambani, unogona kutenga imwechete share kana mashoma masheya senzira yekunyudza chigunwe chako mumvura yekutengesa masheya. Izvo zvinokwanisika kugadzira iyo yakasiyanasiyana portfolio kubva kune akawanda emunhu masheya, asi zvinotora yakakosha kudyara.
Iko kunakirwa kwesheya mutual mari ndeyekuti ivo vane zvakasikwa zvakasiyana, izvo zvinoderedza njodzi. Kune vazhinji varairidzi - kunyanya avo vari kuisa mari yavo pamudyandigere - chikwereti chakagadzirwa kazhinji nemari dzekudyidzana isarudzo yakajeka.
Asi mari yemubatanidzwa haigone kuungana sezvingaitwa nemamwe masheya. Iyo sirivheri lining yemasokisi emunhu ndeyekuti sarudzo yakangwara inogona kubhadhara, asi mikana yekuti imwe stock inokuita iwe mupfumi ishoma.
Gadza bhajeti
Vatsva varimari vanowanzove nemibvunzo miviri padanho iri rehurongwa:
- Marii yandinoda kutanga kuisa mari mumatokisi? Huwandu hwemari iwe yaunoda kutenga wega mugove zvinoenderana nekuti anodhura sei masheya. (Mitengo yemasheya inogona kubva pamadhora mashoma kusvika kuzviuru zvishoma zvemadhora.) Kana iwe uchida mari yemubatanidzwa uye uine bhajeti diki, mari yekutsinhana-yakatengeswa (ETF) inogona kunge iri sarudzo yako yepamusoro. Mari dzekudyidzana dzinowanzove nemazana ezviuru zvemadhora kana kupfuura, asi ETFs dzinotengesa sechikamu, zvinoreva kuti unozvitenga pamutengo wechikamu chimwe - mune zvimwe zviitiko, pasi pe $ 1.000.)
- Marii yandinofanira kuisa mari mumatanda? Kana iwe uri kuisa mari kuburikidza nemari - isu takataura here kuti izvi ndizvo zvatinofarira? - iwe unogona kugovera chikamu chakakura kwazvo chepodfolio yako kuenda kuequity mari, kunyanya kana uine nguva yakareba yakatarisa. Ane makore makumi matatu ekudyara mari pamudyandigere anogona kunge aine makumi masere muzana eportfolio yake mumasheya emari; yasara inenge iri mumabond funds.
Tanga kuisa mari
Kuisa mari mumatanda izere nemaitiro akaomarara uye nzira, asi vamwe vevatengesi vanobudirira vakaita zvishoma pane kungoomerera kune zvekutanga. Izvi zvinowanzoreva kushandisa mari yehuwandu hwenhoroondo yako - Warren Buffett akataura zvine mutsindo kuti yakachipa-inodhura S & P 500 index fund ndiyo yakanyanya kudyara inowanzoitwa nevazhinji veAmerica - uye kusarudza masheya ega kana iwe uchitenda mukukura kwenguva refu. kugona kwekambani.
Kana wega masheya achikumbira kwauri, kudzidza kutsvagisa masheya anobhadhara. Kana iwe uchironga kunyatso chengeta iyo mari, chinangwa chako chinofanirwa kunge chiri chekuvaka nyore portfolio yemitengo yakaderera, yakafara-yakavakirwa sarudzo.
Ese aya matipi ari pamusoro ekudyara mumatura anoitirwa vatyairi vatsva. Asi kana isu taifanirwa kusarudza chinhu chimwe chete kuti titi kune wega wekutanga investor, chingave ichi: Kuisa mari hakuna kuoma - kana kuomarara - sezvazvinonzwika.
Imwe sarudzo, sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, ndeye-robo-chipangamazano, uyo anozovaka nekugadzirisa chikwereti chako chemari shoma. Pazasi mutsara: Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekudyara kwevatangi, hapana ruzivo rwemberi runodiwa.
Invest kana ndisina mari yakawanda
Pane zvipingaidzo zviviri zvekudyara zvidiki zvemari. Nhau dzakanaka? Ose ari nyore kukunda. Dambudziko rekutanga nderekuti mari zhinji dzinoda hushoma. Chechipiri ndechekuti zvinonetsa kusiyanisa zvidiki zvemari. Kusiyanisa, nemasikirwo, kunosanganisira kuparadzira mari. Mari shoma yauinayo, yakanyanya kuoma kuigovera.
Mhinduro yezvose zviri zviviri ndeyekudyara muquity index mari uye ETFs. Kunyange mari yemubatanidzwa ingangoda hushoma hwemadhora chiuru kana kupfuura, index fund minimums inowanzove yakaderera (uye ETFs dzinotengwa nemutengo wemugove unogona kunge wakadzikira). Ma broker maviri, Fidelity naCharles Schwab, vanopa indekisi yemari isina mashoma.
Index mari inogadzirisawo dambudziko rekusiyana-siyana nekuti vanobata masheya mazhinji mukati mehomwe imwe chete. Chinhu chekupedzisira chatichataura nezve izvi: Kuisa mari mutambo wenguva refu, saka haufanire kuisa mari yaungangoda munguva pfupi. Izvi zvinosanganisira kosi yemari yezve emergency.
Mari yakanaka yevatangi
Hongu, muchokwadi, munhu wese - anotanga kusanganisira - anofanirwa kuisa mari mumatokisi, sekureba sekunge vanonzwa vakasununguka kusiya mari yavo yavakasimudzira kweanenge makore mashanu. Sei makore mashanu? Nekuti hazviwanzo kuitika pamusika wemasheya kuti awane donhwe rinogara kwenguva yakareba kudarika iro.
Asi pachinzvimbo chekutengesa wega masheya, tarisa pamasheya mutual mari. Nemari yekudyidzana, unogona kutenga hombe sarudzo yemasheya muhomwe.
Izvo zvinokwanisika kugadzira iyo yakasiyanasiyana portfolio kubva kune yega masheya? Chokwadi. Asi kuita izvi kunotora nguva yakareba - zvinotora yakawanda kutsvagisa uye ruzivo rwekutarisira chikwereti. Stock mutual mari, kusanganisira index mari uye ETFs, ita iro basa kwauri.
Ndeapi masheya andinofanira kuisa mari mairi?
Kurudziro yedu ndeyekuisa mari mumatura mazhinji kuburikidza nesheya mutual fund, index index, kana ETF - semuenzaniso, S&P 500 index fund iyo ine zvese masheya eS & P 500. Zvisinei, kana iwe uri kutsvaga kunakidzwa kwe kusarudza masheya, angangodaro asingashande. Iwe unogona kukwenya iyo itch uye chengetedza hembe yako nekuzvipira gumi muzana kana mashoma eportfolio yako kune yega masheya. Ndezvipi? Yedu yakazara runyorwa rweakanakisisa masheya, akavakirwa pari kuita, ane mamwe mazano
Nepo masheya ari akanaka kune vatangi vekutanga, iyo "yekutengesa" chikamu cheichi chirevo zvimwe hachisi. Tingave takatonzwisisa poindi iyi, asi kudzokorora: Tinokurudzira zvikuru kutenga uye kubata nzira tichishandisa masheya mutual mari.
Izvo chaizvo zvakapesana nekutengesa masheya, uko kunosanganisira kuzvipira uye kutsvagurudza kwakawanda. Vatengesi vemasheya vanoedza kupa nguva musika wemikana yekutenga yakaderera uye kutengesa yakakwira. Kungova pachena: Chinangwa chemumwe muridzi wemari ndechekutenga zvakaderera uye kutengesa zvakakwirira. Asi nhoroondo inotitaurira kuti iwe ungangodaro uchidaro kana ukaramba uine mari dzakasiyana - senge mutual fund - kwenguva refu. Kushanda kwekutaurirana hakudiwe.
Misika yemasheya
Varidzi vezvikamu zvakajairika kazhinji vane mvumo yekushandisa kodzero dzavo dzekuvhota zvine chekuita nekambani yebhodhi revatungamiriri uye nedzimwe sarudzo dzakakosha dzekambani. Ivo vanogona kana kuti varege kuwana zvakajairwa zvakajairwa. Bhodhi rinosarudza zvirinani gore rega kuti ribhadhare here uye kuti imarii yekubhadhara zvinoenderana nemari yazvino yekambani.
Zvivimbiso zvakavimbiswa
Varidzi vezvikamu zvavanoda kazhinji havana mvumo yekuvhota. Nekudaro, migove inosarudzika inopihwa nemubhadharo wakavimbiswa nguva dzese dzezvikamu zvakakura pane izvo zvakagamuchirwa nevakagovanawo zvavo. Masheya akasarudzika haadi kukwira kana kudzika mumutengo zvakanyanyisa sezvakajairwa masheya nekufamba kwenguva. Vashandi vanokoshesa ivo pamigove yavo, kwete kukura kwavo kugona.
Izvo zvinoita masokisi akasarudzika chimwe chinhu chehybrids pakati pechitoro uye chisungo. Mugove wakasarudzika dzimwe nguva unoshandurwa kuita zvikamu zvakajairika pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu.
Iko kutora chikamu mune guta guru revaya vanogovana vagovana kunotora pekutanga pane kweavo vakajairika vagovana muchiitiko iyo kambani inopinda mukumiswa.
Investments mune share capital uye kwete kugovera capital
Zvishandiso zvakagadziriswa zvekudzosa, sekureva kwezita, zvinopa varimi mari yakatemerwa (yakatarwa) chiyero chekudzoka kwehupenyu hwekudyara. Sezvo zvakagadziriswa goho zviridzwa zvichionekwa zvakachengeteka, zvinowanzo sarudzwa nevashambadzi vane yakaderera njodzi kudya.
Kune rimwe divi, mune mamiriro ekudyara kwakabatana-nemusika, senge mari dzekudyara, kudzoka hakuna kugadziriswa kana kuvimbiswa, asi zvinoenderana nekuita kweiyo yepasi nhumbi. Midziyo inosanganisirwa nemusika inogona kugoverwazve muzvikamu zviviri zvikuru: mari dzekudyidzana uye mari dzisiri dzekuyera. Panyaya yekudyara muzvikamu, huwandu hwacho hunonyanya kuiswa muzvikamu uye zvigadzirwa zvezvikamu zvemakambani zvakanyorwa uye zvisina kunyorwa pamusika wemasheya.
Chikamu chakakosha chemari hachina hukama nemari yemari inoendeswa muzvisungo (hurumende kana makambani), pamwe nehurongwa hwezviridzwa zvemusika zvemari, zvakadai seMari yemari, zviiti zvekuisa, magwaro ezvekutengesa, zvibvumirano zvekutengazve, nezvimwe.
Sezvo kufamba kwemusika kuchiita basa rakakosha mukuita kweinvestment investment uye isiri-equity investments, aya masimendi anoratidza chakakosha njodzi. Izvi zvinotevera zvikamu zvichaongorora zvakasiyana siyana zvekudyara mumatokisi zvakadzama.
Mhando dzekudyara mumatokisi
Sezvakataurwa muchikamu chakapfuura, mari dzekudyara dzinosanganisira tswanda yesarudzo dzekudyara. Yese sarudzo ine yakasarudzika seti yenjodzi uye mibairo. Heano mamwe emhando huru dzemhando dzemari dzekudyara dzinowanikwa kune vanoita mari.