Oiri inogadzira nyika

Oiri ndiyo yegoridhe dema repasi rose. Oiri inofambisa nyika: nayo peturu, plastiki, uye zvakawanda zvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa. Kunyangwe paine akawanda nyika dzinogadzira mafuta, Spain haisi nyika inogadzira mafuta, kana zvirinani kwete muhuwandu hwakawanda, uye inofanirwa kupa chikamu chakakura chebhajeti regore rega rega kutengwa kwayo, ichitambura nekushomeka kwemitengo yayo.

Semuenzaniso, makore maviri apfuura mitengo yemafuta yarova zvakanyanya zvichikonzera kuchengetedzwa kukuru kwekupinza nyika dzakaita seSpain ... asi dai dzaive dzawedzera, mitengo yaizowanda muketani, kutanga nepeturu uye zvichikonzera hupenyu hwenyika.

Iyo mutengo wemafuta wakaiswa sei

Mutengo wemafuta unogadzirirwa pagiramu, panzvimbo yemarita kana marita, uye sezvo mafuta chiri chakatsiga chakanaka, mutengo waro unogadzikwa zvichibva pakupa uye kudiwa.

Sangano iri rinodzora, zvichibva mukugadzirwa kwaro, huwandu hwemafuta munyika kuisa mutengo uye kwete kurega kusagadzikana kwayo kuchipengesa nyika, sezvakaitika muma70 nedambudziko remafuta muUnited States.

Kune rimwe divi, nyika dziri kunze kwesangano, senge Russia, dzinodzora kugadzirwa kwavo nemitengo unilaterally, kazhinji vachishandisa nyika dzavo dzevatengi sechombo chehupfumi, vachiita zvakafanana negasi. Tevere tichaona inova nyika dzinonyanya kukosha kugadzira mafutas.

Nyika huru dzinogadzira mafuta

Nyika huru dzemafuta Havasi ivo chaivo nhengo dzesangano rapfuura, asi zviripo ivo.

Rondedzero yenyika huru dzinogadzira oiri haina kufanana nguva dzese, kutaura zvazviri, munguva pfupi yapfuura Venezuela, imwe yenyika dziri mukati mevane gumi vepamusoro yakawira pagumi nematatu, iri nyaya yekukakavadzana kana chiri chikonzero kana chiratidzo cheiyo nyika. dambudziko Venzuelan.

Zvinoenderana neruzivo kubva kuCIA, tinopa iyo huru nyika dzinogadzira mafuta epasi. 

Kuweti

Ndiyo nyika yegumi pakukura kuburitsa oiri pasirese. Kugadzirwa kwayo kuri kutenderera mamirioni 2,7 emabhiramu emafuta, uye inomiririra nezve 3% yehuwandu hwenyika hwese. Yakatambura hondo nekuda kwe "kuferefeta" kwakaitwa nenyika naSaddam Hussein mu1990, iyo yakakurumbira hondo muPersian Gulf.

Matura ayo anofungidzirwa kuti ane chinguva chemakore zana, ichiva hwaro hwakasimba hwemari yenyika.

Mekisiko

Mekisiko ndiyo yegumi neimwe nyika inoburitsa pasi rose, uye inogadzira angangoita mamirioni 2,85 emabhiramu, netarisiro huru nekuda kwekushandurwa kuri kuitwa nyika uye kuwanikwa kwematsime emafuta ane matura makuru mune ramangwana.

Mari inowanikwa kunze kwemafuta ayo inomiririra gumi muzana yemari inowanikwa munyika.

Iran

Iran inogadzira mamirioni 3.4 emabhiramu, uye nekuda kwenzvimbo dzayo dzinochengeterwa uye matsime asina kushandiswa, inoonekwa senyika yeaya anonzi 'masimba masimba'.

Iwo mamirioni 3.4 emabhiramu anomiririra 5,1% yemafuta ese anofamba munyika zuva nezuva. Mari inogadzirwa kubva kunze kwenyika iyi inomiririra 60% yemari yose yeIran.

Uye izvo hazvitarisike kumatura ayo anovimbisa huwandu hwakawanda hwemari, kwete chete nemafuta, asi nemagetsi uye gasi. Iran ichapa zvakawanda zvekutaura nezvazvo.

United Arab Emirates

United Arab Emirates mubatanidzwa uri muArabia wakaumbwa neAud Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaima, Sarja uye Umm al-Qaywayn.

Pamwe chete ivo vanogadzira akakomberedza mamirioni 3.5 emabhiramu, anonyanya kugadzirwa naAud Dhabi, Dubai neSarja, nzvimbo huru dzekuburitsa mvura muUnited Arab Emirates.

Vane dura remabhirioni zana. Vane mari yakawanda kwazvo nekutenda kwazviri zvekuti vanozvibvumira kununurana.

Dubai, kunyangwe zvese, iri kugadzirira kuzvisunungura kubva kumafuta uye nekugadzirisa hupfumi hwayo zvishoma nezvishoma pamvura uye zvimwe pakushanya uye bhizinesi.

Iraki

Iraq iri kurangwa zvakakomba kwazvo nematambudziko ayo ezvematongerwo enyika, nemakakatanwa emukati, Al-Qaeda, kurwisa kweDaesh kuchangobva kuitika, uye nyika inorangwa nekupindira kwemauto kunotora makore anopfuura gumi.

Pasinei neizvi, Iraq Ndiyo nyika ine yechishanu pakuchengeterwa mafuta pasi rose, ruzhinji rwuri muminda isina kugadzikana, uye kunyangwe izvi, inoburitsa mabhiriyoni mana emabhiramu emafuta, ayo anopa 4% yesimba renyika uye 94% yemari inowanikwa munyika.

Ramangwana rakanaka rinotarisirwa nyika kana yagadzirisa matambudziko ayo.

Kanadha

Imwe nyika yeNorth America pane iyo rondedzero yenyika dzinonyanya kukosha dzinogadzira oiri.

Canada ine chete 0,5% yevagari vepasirese, asi inoburitsa inopfuura 5% yemafuta anofamba pasi.

Iyo inogadzira yakatenderedza mamirioni e4,5 emabhiramu, uye kuti matura ayo anosvika mamirioni emamirioni mazana masere, iri nzvimbo yechitatu pakuchengeterwa mafuta pasi.

'Dambudziko' reCanada nderekuti zhinji dzayo matura ari mumatara, izvo zvinoomesa kuburitsa kwayo. Kamwe tekinoroji painogadzira tekinoroji yakachipa, Kugadzira zvisina kuchena kweCanada kuchakura.

China

Kugadzirwa kwemafuta eChinese kwakashata kwave kuwedzera zvakaringana kwemakore makumi mashanu apfuura, zvichitora kukura kusingatarisirwi uye kukuru mumakore gumi nemashanu apfuura, nekuda kwekuvhurwa kwehupfumi kunoitwa nehurumende.

Inogadzira angangoita mamirioni 4.6 emabhiramu emarara, asi sezvo mashandisiro ayo aine hutsinye, kunyangwe zvakadaro, inoramba ichiri nyika isina kuchena inopinza, kunyanya kubva kuRussia nedzimwe nyika dzeAsia neArabhu.

Nzvimbo dzayo dzakachengetedzwa zvine mwero, zvakanyanya kana zvishoma, mabhiriyoni makumi maviri emabhiramu, asi zvinotarisirwa kuti nekuda kwekutsemura (hydraulic fracturing) kugadzirwa kwayo uye matura ayo achakura zvakanyanya.

Russia

Russia ihofori mune zvese uye nemafuta isu tanga tisiri kuzowana yayo Achilles chitsitsinho.

Zvake 11 mamirioni emabhiramu emafuta anomiririra 13-14% yehuwandu yezvisina kuchena zvinofamba munyika.

Zvivigiro zvaro ndezvechitatu pakukura munyika, kusingaverengwa zvese zvisina kuchena zvakavigwa pasi pechando cheSiberia nekuchamhembe kweRussia, muArctic, zvakare pasi pechando gobvu uye rakasimba.

Ngatiyeukei kuti Russia inomiririra, mudunhu, chikamu chimwe chete muzvitanhatu chenharaunda yese yepasi, izvo zvinoita kuti tione kuti haina kunyatsoshandisa zvese zvairi kuisa.

Arabia saudí

Kusvikira nguva pfupi yadarika yaive mugadziri mukurusa wepasirose, iine mabhiriyoni emirioni emafuta. Nzvimbo dzayo dzisina kuchena, dzoga, inomiririra 5% yezvisina kuchena zviripo nhasi munyika, uye chikamu chakakura, chisati chashandiswa.

Nekuti kugadzirwa kwayo kwadzikira mukufarira mamwe marudzi esimba nemafuta, yakarasikirwa nenzvimbo yekutanga.

United States

Kutenda kukwikwidza uye nekuwedzera kushandiswa kweminda yayo yemafuta, nyika yechitatu muNorth America inotungamira pasi rese neinenge mabhiriyoni gumi nemana asina kuchena. Nekuda kwekudyara kukuru muhunyanzvi, ivo vakwanisa kushandisa nzira dzemazuva ano dzisina kucherwa, senge mumatanda etara uye shale.

Kunyangwe vari ivo mugadziri mukurusa wezvisina kuchena pasirese, vane dambudziko reChina: vanopinza huwandu hwakawanda hwezvisina kuchena kuMexico nekuCanada, dzimwe nyika mbiri dzakakura dzemafuta, sezvo kudiwa kwavo kuri kuramba kuchidarika kugona kwavo kugadzira.

Nyaya inoenderana:

Kuisa mari mumafuta: musika unonyanya kushanda mu2016

Nyika dzine zvigaro zvemafuta zvakakura kwazvo pasirese

Kwete hazvo kuva nyika inogadzira oiri inoita kuti uve nani, pamwe tinogona kuona nyika dzinogadzira oiri nemaonero akakura: ona kuti ndeapi ane, kuwedzera kugadzirwa kukuru, dura rinovavimbisa iwo chinzvimbo uye kugadzikana mune ramangwana.

Nyika dzine nzvimbo dzakakura kwazvo dzemafuta pasi rose

(nhamba dziri mumabhiriyoni)

1. Venezuela - 297,6
2. Saudi Arabia - 267,9
3. Canada - 173,1
4. Iran - 154,6
5. Iraq - 141,4
6. Kuwait - 104
7. United Arab Emirates - 97,8
8. Russia - makumi masere
9. Libya - 48
10. Nigeria - 37,2
11. Kazakhstan - makumi matatu
12. Qatar - 25,380
13. United States of America - 20,680
14. China - 17,300
15. Brazil - 13,150 XNUMX
16. Algeria - 12,200
17. Zimbabwe - 10,470
18. Mexico - 10,260 XNUMX
19. Ecuador - 8,240
20. Azerbaijan - 7

Vanotengesa mafuta kunze

Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti uzive izvo iyo nyika dzakasarudza kutumira kunze yakawanda, uye hwaro, zvirinani, hupfumi hwenyika pamafuta. Isu tinoona zviitiko zvakaita seIran, Mexico kana Venezuela umo kuderera, senge kwatakamboona mwedzi iyi, kunokanganisa zvikuru mabhajeti avo.

Nerwendo rwekupedzisira urwu iwe unozogona kuona zvirinani hutano hwenyika uye nderipi iro rinonyatsodzora mafuta avo.

• MuAfrica: Algeria, Angola, Libya neNigeria.
• KuMiddle East tine Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Iraq neKuwait.
• MuSouth America tine Ecuador neVenezuela.

Uye pakupedzisira, vagadziri vakuru uye vekunze, vasiri nhengo dzeOPEC, isu tine Canada, Sudan, Mexico, United Kingdom, Norway, Russia neOman.

Ko iyo rondedzero ye nyika dzinogadzira mafuta kupfuuridza nguva? Zvichida asi mazhinji atakaona ave kutora chati yekugadzira kwemakore kuitira kuti shanduko irege kuitika chero nguva munguva pfupi iri kutevera.

Main mafuta anopedza nyika

Kune rimwe divi rakatarisana nemari yesimbi, isu tine nyika dzinoshandisa akawanda emabharasi zuva nezuva. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, senge United States, kunyangwe iri pakati pevagadziri vemafuta hombe, ichiri kuda kuendesa mafuta akawanda kupfuura yaanogadzira. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kudiwa kwayo kuchiri kwakakura kupfuura iko kugadzirwa kwainogona kupa. Kuona zvishoma padhuze uye kuva nepfungwa yepasirese yechiitiko ichi, tinogona kuona mune inotevera runyorwa kudyiwa kwemazuva ese kwenyika imwe neimwe, pamwe neavhareji yekushandisa kwemafuta pachikamu chevagari.

Iine iyo data yakawanikwa mu2019, mu2018, aya aive emiti (muzviuru) anodyiwa pazuva yenyika yega yega:

1. Nyika dzakabatana: 20.456
2. China: 13.525
3. India: 5.156
4. Japan: 3.854
5. Saudi Arabia: 3.724
6. Russia: 3.228 XNUMX
7. Brazil: 3.081 XNUMX
8. Maodzanyemba Korea: 2.793
9. Canada: 2.447 XNUMX
10. Germany: 2.321
11. Iran: 1.879
12. Mexico: 1.812
13. Indonesia: 1.785
14. UK: 1.618
15. Furanzi: 1.607
16. Thailand: 1.478
17. Singapowo: 1.449
18. Spain: 1.335
19. Itari: 1.253
20. Australia: 1.094

Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinokanganisa iyi misiyano?

Kune rimwe divi iri huwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu uye pane rimwe racho huwandu hwehupfumi hwenyika yega yega. Pano taigona kuzvitsanangura nemari yega yega. Izvi zvinotsanangura kuti nei United States, isina kuve nyika ine vanhu vazhinji, yakadya oiri yakawanda (ingangoita makumi maviri nemaviri emabharanzi pazuva pazuva pamugari) Muchokwadi, huwandu hwayo hwaidya paavhareji zvakapetwa zvakapetwa zvakapetwa kaviri izvo munhu zvaaizoshandisa mukati Spain (ingangoita gumi mabharani pazuva pamugari). Uye ndosaka nyika dzine vanhu vakawanda kwazvo asi dziine mari yakadzikira pamunhu yakaita seChina ichidya mafuta mashoma kudarika United States.

Semuenzaniso, China neIndia zvine vanhu vakaenzana, India ine vanhu vashoma. Nekudaro, hupfumi hweChina hwakakwira, ndosaka kushandiswa kwemafuta kwaivewo kwakakwirira.

Bharari rega rega remafuta rinodhura paavhareji pachiyero chiripo chinosvika madhora makumi mashanu nemashanu, avhareji inogona kutakurwa kuenda kuna 55. Kunwiwa kwemabhiramu 2018, zvinova zvakadyiwa neSpain pazuva, kwaive nemutengo wezuva nezuva we $ 1.335.000.