Kubondera stock exchange Iko kudonha kwakatetepa kwemisika yemari munguva yenguva isina kureba zvakanyanya uye iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa nenyaya yekuti ikozvino kutengesa kuri kuiswa nekujekesa kukuru kumutengi. Kusvika padanho rekuti mutengo wechengetedzo unodzikira kusvika pamiganhu iyo vashoma vashoma mari vanogona kufunga. Neraki, idzi mhando dzekufamba hadzina kujairika uye dzinoitika nguva nenguva. Kuve, mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu, kumwe kwekutya kuri kunonoka mumisika yemari.
Chaizvoizvo panguva ino, mazwi evamwe vaongorori vezvemari akasimudzwa - kwete mazhinji panguva ino - vanofanotaura kuti isu tingave pamucheto peimwe yeaya mafambiro isingatombodiwi nevashambadzi vadiki nepakati. Pamusoro pazvose, nekuda kwechikwereti chikuru chiripo munyika uye bubble iyo iri kugadzirwa zvine chekuita nechikwereti cheveruzhinji. Ehe, maaramu ari kuvhiringidza asi izvi hazvireve hazvo kuti isu takatarisana nenjodzi senge iri muna 1929 kana zvimwe zvakafanana.
Chero zvazvingaitika, zvichave zvakakosha kuti uongorore kufamba kwese kweaya maitiro akatangira papasi kubvira 1929. Saka kuti nenzira iyi, isu tinogona kutarisira yavo zvinokanganisa mhedzisiro, kwete pane zveupfumi hwenyika dzese asi pachikamu chikuru chevanhu. Mune chimiro chekuderera kwehupfumi, kushaya mabasa, kuputsika kwemusika wemasheya, kushanduka kwemari, nezvimwe. Muchidimbu, ndechimwe chezviitiko zvakaipisisa izvo chero hupfumi hungatambura panguva ino.
Yekutanga kuputsika kwemusika wemasheya munhoroondo
1929 richava gore richazozivikanwa munhoroondo nekuve nekukudziridza imwe yenzira dzinokuvadza zvakanyanya kwehupfumi hwenyika munhoroondo yayo yese. Sevaverengi vanogona kufungidzira isu tiri kutaura nezve kuparara kunozivikanwa pasi rese kwe29. Asi chii chaive chiitiko ichi chakatemera shanduko yenhoroondo muchikamu chikuru chenyika dzepasi? Zvakanaka, zvakanyanya kuparara kwe29 ?? Yakanga iri yekuparadza kwakanyanya pamusika wemari munhoroondo ye Misika yemasheya muUnited States.
Asi kana ichizivikanwa nechimwe chinhu mazuva ano, imhaka yekuti inotyisa mabviro einozivikanwa saLa Kushungurudzika Kukuru uye kuti yakabata zvese nyika dzakabatana neEuropean. Uko kushaikwa kwemabasa nehurombo zvakagadziriswa mune yakanaka chikamu chehukama hwayo uye kuti pakupedzisira zvakazopera nekuuya kwehutongi hurumende muEurope uye gare gare nekuvandudzwa kweChipiri Hondo Yenyika yakaitika pakati pa1941 na1944 nemhedzisiro yevose vanozivikanwa .
Kuparara kwechitoro muma30s
Ehezve, yakakosha mhedzisiro yetsaona ye29 yakaitika mumisika yemasheya isina kumboonekwa ichidonha mumitengo yemakambani akanyorwa mumari inoshanduka. Nekuda kwekuita kwakaipisisa mumisika yemari, mhuri zhinji dzakarasikirwa neupenyu hwavo. Iyo hurombo munharaunda yakava inopfuura patent uye yakaendeswa kune mamwe matanho enharaunda. Hazvishamise kuti mutengo wemasheya pamusika wekutengesa wanga usiri, kunyangwe chiitiko ichi chakanyanya kuoma kudzokorora kubva zvino zvichienda mberi.
Kune rimwe divi, isu hatigone kukanganwa kuti mushure mekufamba kwakadai kunouya mamiriro ekudzosa mune mikana mikuru yebhizinesi inoonekwa panogovana zvikamu mitengo kupfuura kusetsa. Apa ndipo panopinda maoko akasimba emusika, achitora mukana weichi chinoshamisa asi chakakosha mamiriro ekufungidzira nekuita purofiti yakaisvonaka. Nepo chikamu chakanaka chevagari chakarasikirwa nechinhu chose.
Kumwe kuparara kuburikidza nenhoroondo
Chero zvazvingaitika, chingave chikanganiso chakakomba kufunga kuti tsaona ye29 yaive chiitiko chakazvimiririra munhoroondo. Ehezve kwave kune mamwe akawanda zvikamu zveichi chimiro kunyangwe havana kunge vakaita mhirizhonga zvakanyanya mukufumura kusimba kwayo. Tichaita ongororo pfupi yezviitiko izvi zvakaitika mukati medzana ramakore rapfuura. Pakave pasina kuve nezvakawanda, asi zvakakosha kuti tinzwisise zvishoma zvinomiririrwa nemisika yemasheya nhasi. Iko pamwe iwe pachako wakakwanisa kupaza chikamu chakakosha kwazvo chemuzinda unowanikwa mukudyara.
Nekuda kwekuswedera kwayo, kumwe kudonha kwakakosha kwakaitika mumakore apfuura ndiko kwa2008, iyo yakakonzerwa nedambudziko remari rinozivikanwa uye mhedzisiro yaro inogona kunzwika nechikamu chikuru chevagari. Kubva pane akajairika mamiriro, bhenji rekuyera remusika weSpanish wemusika, iyo Ibex 35, yakadonha neinenge 10%, pamwe nemisika mizhinji yepasi rese mushure mekubhuroka Lehman Hama uye kupararira kwedambudziko remari kubva kuUnited States. Musika uko kurasikirwa kwaive kwakatonyanya kukura, kuchiderera neanopfuura makumi maviri muzana mumaawa mashoma chete.
Brexit mhemberero
Iwo pachawo haigone kutariswa sekupunzika munzira chaiyo yeshoko, asi yanga iri imwe yenguva umo kugadziriswa mumusika wemasheya kwave kwakasimba kwazvo munhoroondo. Mupfungwa iyi, zvakaringana kurangarira kuti zuva rakatevera referendamu raive zuva rechitema kumisika yemasheya yeEurope, uyezve neIbex 35. Indekisi yeSpain yakatambura kupunzika kukuru munhoroondo yayo, nekuderera kwe zvishoma pane 13% uye inosvika mashoma mashoma padyo padyo kusvika mazana manomwe nemazana mashanu poindi. Iko kwaive nezviitiko zvekuvhunduka pakati pevashambadzi vadiki nepakati.
Nekudaro, munguva dzino dzakawandisa kune nzira dzakakura dzekudzivirira kupfuura nakare uye izvi zvakabatsira kudzivirira kusimba kwekudonha kubva pakadzika panguva idzodzo. Kwete pasina, kutengesa mirairo kwakaiswa nekristaro yakajeka pakutenga. Pamatanho asina kurangarirwa kwemakore mazhinji, uye zvinofadza sei kuti vatyairi vazhinji vakarasikirwa nemari yakawanda mukati memazuva iwayo akakosha mumisika huru yezvemari yenyika.
Muvhuro wakasviba mumabhegi
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, hatigone kukanganwa chiitiko ichi chakaitika muna 1987 uye icho chinodzikirawo munhoroondo seimwe yezvakaipa zvakanyanya mumisika yemari. Yakanga iri pamusoro pkuparara kwenhoroondo kana kuri kudonha kwezuva rimwe chete. Zvinokonzera madonhwe eakakosha caliber uye kuti mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika dzese dzakasvika kusvika ku40%. Zvikonzero zvekufamba kwechisimba izvi zvinowanikwa mukuwongorora kwemisika yemari, dambudziko rekushomeka, asi pamusoro pekutya kwepfungwa pakati pevatengesi pasi rese.
Makore matatu gare gare kwakave nekumwe kupunzika kwemini kwaive kwakanyanya kusimba uye kwakagadzirwa nekunyanyisa kuita kune iyo nhau kuti iyo yakakwenenzverwa kutora yakundikana kubata nekambani yemubereki ye United Airlines. Zvakare, zvikamu zvemusika zvemari zvakadzikira zvakanyanya zvekare, kunyangwe hazvo nguva yavo yaive yakaganhurirwa munguva, kupfuura zvimwe zvekufunga uye kunyangwe kubva pakakosha maonero. Chero zvazvingaitika, iri rimwe zuva iro rinofanirwa kuverengerwa munhoroondo yekudyidzana kwenyika dzese.
1997 Asia dambudziko remari
Yakanga iri yakanyanya kuganhurirwa equity kupunzika, asi imwe yakabata zviuru nezviuru zvevatyairi zvakadaro. Pane ino chiitiko, zvakatanga munyika ichibuda kubva kuAsia kuzopararira kune dzimwe nyika nekuda kwekutya kwekupararira kwemari kwaizotungamira kudonha. Paive zvakare neakanyanya kudonha kudonha, asi iwo akakosha mafambiro akambotaurwa. Iko pamusika wemari yaivewo imwe yeakanyanya kubatwa mukuitwa kwakaitwa.
Kana isu hatikwanise kukanganwa izvo zvinonzi Nhema chitatu mumisika yeEuropean stock uye kuti mune iyi kesi yakakonzerwa nesarudzo yehurumende yeUnited Kingdom kubvisa paundi kubva kuEuropean Exchange Rate Mechanism. Asi kana dambudziko iri richizivikanwa nechimwe chinhu, imhaka yekuti mariri muzvinashawo George Soros akaita bhiriyoni emadhora mubatsiro mumusika wekushambadzira kwekunze. Mune izvo zvinozivikanwa kuti paive nekubiridzira pachikamu chake achipesana nemari yeGreat Britain uye kwakabva hunhu uhwu hwakasimbiswa uye kunyanya nemamwe mamirioni mazhinji muaccount yake yazvino.
Pakupedzisira, zvakakodzera kusimbisa iyo russian dambudziko remari iyo yakaitika munaAugust 17, 1998. Kuderera kwakatarwa mumutengo wemafuta kwakave nemhedzisiro kuRussia uye nekuwedzera mimwe misika yemari pasi rose. Nemadonhwe akakosha mumusika wemasheya asi iyo yaive neyakaganhurirwa muhurefu hwayo zvichienzaniswa nekumwe kufamba kwekukosha kwakakosha. Uye ikozvino isu tinongofanirwa kumirira kuti tione kuti danho rinotevera richava rei mumisika yemari kubva zvino zvichienda mberi. Kana iwe uchikwanisa kukudziridza chimwe chiitiko cheaya maitiro.