Kuzvimiririra kunoitika kana munhu mumwechete kana kambani ine yakawanda kana yese kutonga pane sevhisi kana chigadzirwa. Izvo zvinorambidzwa muEuropean Union yose, uye saka tinofanira kutanga nekutaura kuti hakuna monopolies muSpain. Asi ndozvazvinoita? Chokwadi ndechekuti kwete.
Zvadaro tichajekesa chii chinonzi monopolies, vane nhoroondo ipi uye tichakupa mimwe mienzaniso kuitira kuti zvinhu zvose zvive pachena kwamuri. Enda nazvo?
Chii chinonzi monopolies muSpain
Kana tikatarisa muRAE tsananguro yemonopoly inotiudza zvinotevera:
Concession inopihwa neane masimba kukambani kuitira kuti ingotora mukana weimwe indasitiri kana kutengeserana. Mamiriro emusika umo kupihwa kwechigadzirwa kunoderedzwa kune mumwe chete mutengesi.
Mune mamwe mazwi, Monopolies muSpain inogona kufungidzirwa semamiriro ekuti kambani kana munhu akasarudzika mumusika wechigadzirwa kana sevhisi.
Somuenzaniso, funga nezvechikamu chakadai setsvimbo dzokuredza. Kune mamwe makambani asi iyo inonyatso tengesa, inoshanda, nezvimwe. Ndiyo imwe chete, iyo ndiyo ine 90% yemusika. Tinogona kudaidza kuti monopoly.
Iri izwi rinoumbwa nemazwi maviri echiGiriki anoti mono, zvinoreva rimwechete kana kuti chete, uye polio, zvinoreva kutengesa. Naizvozvo, munhu anodzora chete musika wese (kana musika niche) anozotsanangurwa.
Ko monopolies muSpain zvinorevei?
Kuenderera mberi nezvatakakuudza kare, munhu anodzora musika, kana kuti niche yawo, zvinoreva kuti iye pachake (kana kambani) anogona kugadzira mamiriro ezvinhu anoshungurudza. Iwe unogona kugadzirisa mitengo, kuita kuti vakwikwidzi vasave nemukana wekuita kuti vazivikanwe, nezvimwe.
Saka inopiwa pchinzvimbo mune mukana wakajeka, sezvo iri iyo inodzora musika iwoyo, ndiyo inosarudza kuti itengeserwe marii, kunaani, kuti zvoitwa sei, uye kuvanza vanogona kuvharidzira.
Uye waizova nechinzvimbo ichocho rini? Zvinonzi rinhi kambani ine pakati pe50 ne70% yehuwandu hwemusika, kana kuti ndiyo yega inopa chimwe chigadzirwa kana sevhisi, pasina chinotsiviwa nacho, isu taizove monopoly kare.
Mhando dze monopolies muSpain
Ikozvino, hapangori mumwechete chete, asi kune akati wandei marudzi emonopolies muSpain. Kunyanya kune mana akasiyana ayo ari:
pure monopoly
Ndiyo inoitika kana kambani ine 100% yehuwandu hwemugove wemusika wemusika. Ndiko kuti, haina makwikwi uye inogona "kutengwa" chete kubva mairi.
Izvi kashoma kuona zvakare.
kungozvimiririra chete
Zvinoitika kana iri kambani iyo inowana kudiwa kweinodarika 50% yemugove wemusika.
Izvi zvinogona kunge zviri nekuti kambani iyi inoita zvinhu zvirinani, nekuti inopa mamwe mabhenefiti kana pane chimwe chinhu chainoita nemazvo kupfuura mamwe makambani mumakwikwi ayo.
Zvemutemo kana zvekugadzira monopolies
Ndivo vanomuka nekuti kusikwa kwemakambani matsva mumusika kunorambidzwa. Unozviita sei izvozvo? Kuburikidza neruzhinji mafranchise, marezinesi ehurumende, patents...
mutero monopoly
Zvinoitika kana iri Hurumende inoona kuti kambani ndiyo inotengesa kana kugadzira chigadzirwa kana sevhisi. Zvechokwadi, chinangwa chikuru cheizvi hachisi chimwe kunze kwekuunganidza mitero.
Nhoroondo ye monopolies muSpain
Nhoroondo ye monopolies muSpain haisi itsva. Kutaura idi, dzakavapo apo Hurumende yakapindira mune mamwe masekete oupfumi (zvatingati mafiscal monopolies). Mienzaniso yacho ndeyekutaurirana, simba, mvura, gasi, kutakura...
While the chinangwa chikuru chaiva chokuunganidza mitero, hapana mubvunzo kuti kambani yakapiwa simba rakakwana. Mutengi hapana chaaigona kuita kunze kwekukanda mapfumo pasi nezvaakapihwa kana kusave nechaigona kuva chinhu chakakosha chakanaka.
Nekusvika kwekushanda kutsva kweNational Commission of Markets and Competition, inonzi CNMC, muna 2013, mamonopolies akatanga kunyangarika, sezvo Chibvumirano cheKushanda kweEuropean Union, muchinyorwa chayo 102, chakavarambidza (pamwe chete ne zvakaitika muMutemo weDziviriro yeMakwikwi).
Panguva ino, avo vasara ndezvimwe zvehutungamiri hwekare hweHurumende asi chinangwa ndechekuti izvi zvinyangarike munguva pfupi.
Mienzaniso ye monopolies muSpain
Kana iwe uchirangarira zvatakaisa pakutanga, monopolies inorambidzwa muEuropean Union, neSpain haina kusunungurwa kubva pakurambidzwa uku.
Nekudaro, ivo varipo, uye waona mhando dziripo, unogona kuwana zano rezvavari.
Pano tinotaura nezvezvishoma zvacho:
Renfe
Renfe inozivikanwa sekambani yekutakura njanji. Uye kusvika makore mashoma apfuura taigona kutaura kuti yaive monopoly sezvo ari iye aidzora kushandiswa kwezvivakwa zvaidiwa kutenderera.
Muna Chivabvu 2021, SNCF yakapinda mumusika, mushandisi wechiFrench anopa, ane chivakwa chitsva, sevhisi yakafanana neRenfe, iyo yavachagovana nayo musika. Zvinoreva here kuti mumwe nemumwe achava ne50%? Izvo zvinoenderana nezvinoitika.
Aena
Mumwe muenzaniso watinogona kukuudza nezve monopolies muSpain ndiAena, iyo kambani inobhadharisa nhandare dzendege padzinoshandisa mamwe masevhisi.
Parizvino ndiyo yega inoshanda mukutungamira kwenhandare dzendege dzeSpain uye ine 51% yehuwandu hwemusika, pasina mumwe munhu.
apuro
Sei usina kuzvifunga nenzira iyi? Uye zvakadaro chokwadi chekuti maPhones neMacs anogona kutengwa chete kubva kuApple anoratidza kuti takatarisana nechigadzirwa monopoly.
Ehe, kungofanana neApple tinogona kutaura zvimwe zvigadzirwa. Asi mune iyi kesi, Apple haina chete zvigadzirwa zvega, asiwo ine zvirongwa zvayo, yakasarudzika maficha, nezvimwe. kuti hapana zvimwe zvinopihwa.
Sezvauri kuona, kutonga muSpain chikamu chenhoroondo yenyika asi zvinoita sekunge zvishoma nezvishoma zviri kunyangarika. Zvakajeka kwamuri here? Tibvunzei mumashoko kana mune mibvunzo.