Kumwe kwekutyisa kukuru kune chikamu chevashambadzi ndechekuti zvikamu zvemakambani zvichadzikiswa kana kungomiswa nekuda kwekudonha kukuru uko misika yemakambani yakave nako denda rinonzi coronavirus. Kusvika padanho rekuti mazuva mazhinji haana kumbofanira kupfuura kuti makambani aite danho, mune imwe pfungwa kana imwe. Asi izvo zviri pachena ndezvekuti maonero ezvikwereti haazove akafanana nezvakaitika kusvika zvino. Kunyanya, mune mamwe akanyanya kukanganisika zvikamu zvemusika wemasheya, senge kubhengi kana kushanya.
Uku kufamba mukugovaniswa kwezvikamu mumasheya kune imwe nhanho zvine musoro sezvo pangave nemamiriro ezvinhu ekuti purofiti yavo yaive yakatenderedza 15%. Nekuda kwekudonha kwayo mukukosha kwayo pamusika wemasheya. Nemazita akadai Santander kana iyo ndege yeAIG ayo akatengesa pazasi peiri euro uye nekudaro aifanira kukwidza chikamu chavo kumatanho ayo makambani asingakwanise kutsigira. Kuve vamwe veavo vakatamisa tebhu mumazuva ano kune mhirizhonga kumisika yemari. Nematanho enhoroondo ayo pakupedzisira akagadziriswa nematare ayo ekutonga.
Mupfungwa iyi, zvinofanirwa kusimbiswa kuti pakutanga kwevhiki makambani makuru matatu akanyorwa pamusika wemasheya weSpain saBanco Santander, Amadeus neAirbus vakanzura kubhadharwa kwezvikwereti zvavo nekuda kwekukanganisa kungave nekona maakaunzi. Izvi zvinoteverwa nevamwe vakasarudza kumagumo kwe kuderedza zvimwe zvezvikamu zvako nevamwe nekuvamisa. Kunyangwe pasina kana mamiriro ezvinhu chimiro cheunifomu mukati memakambani akanyorwa mukati meinosarudzwa equity index, iyo Ibex 35. Chero zvazvingaitika, mashandiro emubhadharo uyu kune wekugovana achaderedzwa kubva zvino zvichienda mberi.
Mhedzisiro yakaderedzwa: Inditex
Kambani yemachira ndiyo yakatanga chirongwa ichi mumabhadhariro emusika wemasheya nekuzivisa kuti bhodhi rayo revatungamiriri richadzidza kugona kwekugovewa kwemubairo waro gore rino. Mushure mekuzivisa kuti yaizokuwedzera ne6% zvichienzaniswa ne2019.Maminetsi mashoma gare gare, yaive Banco Santander iyo yakasarudza kutevedzera chiito ichi mumisika yemari. Kana ichitaurirana kuburikidza neNational Securities Market Commission (CNMV) kuti bhodhi revatungamiriri vafunga kuongorora mutemo wayo wemubhadharo wevashandi, kuitira kuti vawane zviwanikwa zvekutsigira makambani akanganisa pamwe nemakasitoma akazvimirira padenda re coronavirus.
Nenzira iyi, kurairwa kwe Banco Santander yakafunga kubatanidza chikamu chimwe chete chekupedzisira, chinozoendeswa kumvumo yemusangano mukuru wevagovani muna 2021, inozotara mari yekupedzisira inobhadharwa kana yaziva kukanganiswa kwedenda. Naizvozvo, munaNovember 2020, hapana chenguva chidimbu chemubhadharo chichaitwa uye nekudaro vagovani vayo havazove nekugutsikana kwaitarisirwa nemufaro mukuru kupa mari kune yavo account yekuchengetedza. Gore rakapera ayo avhareji purofiti yaive yakatenderedza 5,5%, imwe yepamusoro-soro muchikamu chayo.
Amadeus neAirbus hazviregi
Iwo ndiwo makambani maviri akaenderera mune ino maitiro mune ayo madiki uye epakati varimi vanobuda sevakuru varasikirwa. Kunyanya, uye zvingave zvishoma sei, Amadeus yave iri kambani yakasarudza kudzima kubhadharwa kwadzo chikamu. Kunyange zvakadaro, airbuss yakasarudza kubvisa kuvandudzwa kwegoho rayo rezvikamu nemutengo wakakwana wemamiriyoni gumi nemazana mana emadhora uye fungidziro yekutengesa uye purofiti ye1.400. Hazvishamise kuti, ndeimwe yevakakundikana zvakanyanya kudonha kwemakambani akabatana nebasa revashanyi. Nekuda kwekukosha kwayo kwakanyanya mumisika yemari mumavhiki matatu apfuura ekutengesa.
Zvinotarisirwa zvakare kuti kubva zvino zvichienda mberi, kukosha kwemasheya anotevera iyi mienzaniso kuchasiyana. Nekupararira kwezviziviso mushure mekuburitswa kwebhizimusi rako mhedzisiro ichagadziriswa mumavhiki anotevera. Nesimba rakapetwa kaviri nekuti mune zvimwe zviitiko mamwe madhora anoderedzwa uye mune mamwe anomiswa. Mupfungwa iyi, vese vashoma uye vepakati varimari vanofanirwa kugadzirira zvakaipisisa uye kuti mune ino nyaya inoreva kusatora mari yakakosha iyi kubva kumugovani Uye izvo zvinogona kukonzeresa shanduko muhomwe yekudyara muchikamu chikuru cheava vashandisi kubva panguva ino zvichienda mberi.
Yakasimbiswa mibairo
Kunyangwe pane izvo zvinopesana, pachave nemamwe makambani anozosimbisa iyi kubhadhara kune iye investor uye kutaura chokwadi vamwe vavo vakazvisimbisa mumazuva ano akaoma kune vashoma nepakati varimi. Mupfungwa iyi, kune hwakawanda runyorwa rwemakambani akasimbisa kuti vachabhadhara yavo inotevera chikamu. Bankinter Ndiyo yakatungamira chirongwa chebhizinesi ichi uye yakazivisa kuti gore rino ichatevera kubhadharwa kwemari uku. Kunyangwe paine chokwadi chekuti ichagara pamwe chete mune yekushomeka kwakanyanya uye kudzikira mumisika yemasheya.
Kune rimwe divi, vashandisi havafanirwe kunge vaine imwe sarudzo asi kuti vazive kwazvo mazuva ano kuti vazive sarudzo dzichaitwa nemakambani akanyorwa. Kuti uzive kuti chinzvimbo chavo chichava chii kana vakafanira kuenda kune mamwe machengetedzo kuti vagamuchire muripo wemuripo uyu. Iko isingakwanise kukanganikwa kuti migove irimo mune chikamu chinozivikanwa ne yakaderera bond goho uye yakaderera mitengo. Uye izvo saka, vatengesi vanosarudza iyo purofiti yemadividhi ekuvandudza yavo kudhara yakapihwa goho rakaderera iro zvigadzirwa zvemari zvine panguva ino. Zvakadai se, semuenzaniso, yakatarwa-temu bhangi dhipoziti, akakwira-mari maakaundi kana zvigadzirwa zveyakagadziriswa mari mukati. Asi ikozvino zano iri rinogona kusiyana nekuda kweshanduko yemafungiro pachikamu chemakambani akanyorwa pamusika wenyika unoenderera.
Kune rimwe divi, hatigone kukanganwa panguva ino kuti makambani anopa mugove mubhadharo nemubhadharo uyu makambani eimwe solvency, iyo inogovanisa purofiti yavo pakati pevashandi uye inenge isingambove yekuchengetedzwa kwekufungidzira, uko kudzoserwa kwemitengo yavo inogona kuwanikwa nekukurumidza. Mune mamwe mazwi, iwo makambani akanakisa munyika medu uye anogona kuburitsa tariro isina tariro pakati pevamiriri vese vezvemari. Kusvika padanho rekuti inogona kuwedzera manzwiro ekuvimba pane chikamu chevatengi zvakazara. Uye zvakare, inzira yekudzivirira kusunganidzwa pane kukosha, nekuve nemari yakatarwa gore rega. Sekudzoka kwakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura izvo zvinopihwa nemadhipoziti, manotsi ekuvimbisa, chikwereti cheveruzhinji, nezvimwe. Iine vateveri vazhinji pakati pevashoma nepakati varimi
Senzira yevatengesi
Imwe yenzira dzinochengetwa nevanoisa mari pamberi pavo kuti vazvidzivirire kubva pakurasikirwa kunowanikwa nevekudyara kwavo mumari kuburikidza nekuchengetedzeka kunogovera zvikamu pakati pevachagovana navo uye zvinopa avhareji purofiti ye4,50% (pakati pe1,00% uye 9%), yakakwira kupfuura iyo inopihwa neyechigadzirwa mari yekuchengetedza, kunyangwe mune dzakawanda zviitiko iwe unofanirwa kumirira makore mashoma kusvikira avo vakaremara vanyangarika kubva kune yako portfolio.
Asi ivo vanobhadhara riini uye pazuva ripi zviyero zvinobhadharwa nemakambani akanyorwa? Zvakanaka, mupfungwa iyi hapana mutemo wakajairika wekubhadhara izvi, zvese zvinoenderana nezano rebhizinesi rekambani rakanyorwa pamusika wemasheya, kunyangwe zvakajairika kuti makambani abhadhare vagovana vavo negove regore rakakamurwa kuita mbiri nguva, Yekutanga iri paakaundi uye vazhinji vanoibhadhara muna Ndira, nepo imwe yacho, inonzi yekuwedzera, inoitwa mwedzi mitanhatu mushure mekutanga. Zvakajairika kumakambani anobhadhara chikamu chimwe chete pagore, kazhinji kota yekutanga kana semester yegore, uye nekudaro inogamuchirwa izere, isina kupatsanurwa mukubhadhara kwayo.
Asi mune mamwe matunhu ezvehupfumi (kunyanya kubhengi nemagetsi) zvinowanzoitika kuzviita kana pagore, ndiko kuti, makota matatu, kuitira kuti mugove wegore rose uiswe munhoroondo yemugovani wazvino muzvikwereti zvina. Chero zvazvingaitika, kambani yega yega inopa chikamu chakamisikidzwa chakatemwa kare nekambani pachayo uye kuti izive huwandu hwayo inogona kusimbiswa mukambani pachayo kana mune yakasarudzika midhiya. Izvo zvinodawo kujekesa kuti izvo izvo muridzi wemari achagamuchira muaccount yake ichave iyo mambure huwandu, mushure mekubviswa kwakaitwa pane chakakomba chikamu. Mune mamwe mazwi, kambani inogovera mugove pachikamu che € 0,06 zvinoreva kuti iye mugovani achagamuchira € 0,05 pamugove paakaundi, mushure mekurambidzwa kwakakodzera.