Macroeconomic akasiyana

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive neakasiyana macroeconomic akasiyana, kuziva zvavari uye kuti vanotikurudzira sei sevagari.

Neichi chikonzero, pazasi isu tichaenda kukuudza zvese zvine chekuita nemacroeconomic variables uye mari.

Macroeconomic misiyano, ndezvipi izvi?

La Chinangwa che macroeconomic variables, tarisa pakutsvaga rudzii rwezviitiko zvehupfumi munyika uye zvakare sehwaro tenda kuti zvichashanduka pamusoro pemwedzi munzvimbo imwechete iyoyo. Kuti uite izvi zviverengero, chii chinoitwa funga nezvezvimwe zviratidzo nenzira iyo yatichaziva nayo mamiriro ehupfumi hwenyika, ndeapi danho ravo remakwikwi epasirese uye nyika iri kunanga kupi.

Mushure mekuitisa chidzidzo ichi unogona kuziva makambani api anonyanya kuita mukati menyika uye zvakare, kuzivisa kuti ndeapi makambani anowanikwa zviri mukati menyika iyoyo.

Ndezvipi macroeconomic zvidzidzo zvinogona kushandiswa

Izvo zvidzidzo zve macroeconomic variables zvinogona kushandiswa kutenga imwe kana akawanda makambani mukati menyika. Macroeconomics yakakosha nekuti ndiyo iyo iyo kuburikidza nematanho uye kurudziro yezvematongerwo enyika zvakanyanya mari semari.

Kuburikidza ne macroeconomic akasiyana iwe unogona kuziva kudzikama kwemutengo wezvinhu mukati menyika pamusika wepachena. Zvinonzwisisika kuti nyika yakagadzikana kana mitengo isingakwire kana kudonha chero nguva.

Iyo yezvematongerwo enyika nharaunda uye macroeconomic akasiyana

Ongororo dzinoitwa kuti dzive macroeconomic akasiyana, ivo vanofanirwa kugara vachiitiswa kuti vakwanise kuona chero mhando yengozi yezvematongerwo enyika pane hupfumi hwazvino kana hupfumi hweramangwana.

Kana mari kubva kunze kwenyika dzikagamuchirwa, njodzi iyi yakapetwa kaviri sezvo hurumende inotengesa inogona kuvharidzira mashandiro kana kutora midziyo yemakambani.

Ndedzipi nzira dzinoshandiswa

Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nekugadzirisa inotarisirwa mari inopinda mukati me projekiti. Iwe unogona zvakare kuzviita uchishandisa iyo mitengo yemitero inochinjiswa kune njodzi yeiyo yakazara bhajeti yenyika.

Nzira chaiyo yekuzviita ndeye kugadzirisa kuyerera kwemari pane mamwe mapurojekiti izvo zvinoshandisa kuiswa kwepasirese kwemapurojekiti akasiyana.

Chii chinoitika kana iwe ukaisa mari kunze kwenyika

Iwo anotambirwa riini mari dzekune dzimwe nyika, njodzi iyi yakapetwa kaviri sezvo hurumende inotengesa inogona kuvharidzira mashandiro kana kunyange kutora zvinhu zvemakambani.

Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nekugadzirisa inotarisirwa mari inopinda mukati me projekiti. Iwe unogona zvakare kuzviita uchishandisa iyo dhisikaundi mitengo izvo zvakagadziriswa kune njodzi yeiyo yakazara bhajeti yenyika.

Nzira chaiyo yekuita izvi ndeyekugadzirisa kuyerera kwemari pamapurojekiti ega ega ayo anoshandisa shanduko yepasirese yemapurojekiti akasiyana.

Ndeapi anonyanya kukosha macroeconomic akasiyana

Tevere isu tichazotarisisa iyo inonyanya kukosha macroeconomic misiyano:

Hupfu hwechigadzirwa

Mukati me macroeconomic variables, imwe yezvinhu zvekutanga kutariswa ndeye GDP. Uku ndiko kukosha kwemasevhisi uye nhumbi dzenyika dzinogadzirwa nemakambani. Vanhu vanoshanda mukati menzvimbo panguva yakati yenguva vanoverengwawo. Iwo mativi ehupfumi aripo mune iyi kesi ndeepuraimari, sekondari uye epamusoro.

Kuti uve ne chaiyo macroeconomic kusiana, zvinhu zvese zvakagadzirwa munyika iyoyo zvinofanirwa kutarisirwa, zvisinei nekuti zvatengeswa here kana kuti kwete. Huwandu hwezvese zvakare hunosanganisira makambani epasi rese. Semuenzaniso, kana isu tiri kutsvaga kusiyanisa kweSpain, makambani ekunze anozotarisirwawo.

Nyaya inoenderana:

GDP nenyika

Iyo yekutanga njodzi

Iyo ngozi yepamberi kana njodzi yenyika, ndicho chinhu chechipiri chinofanirwa kutarisirwa kana uchiverenga macroeconomic variants. Iyo pangozi premium ndiyo mari yekutanga iyo varimi vanopa pavanenge vachitenga chikwereti chenyika.

Iyi yekuwedzera mutengo inodikanwa nevose vanoita mari kuti vatenge mabondoni mune chero nyika. Vatengesi vanopihwa kudzoka kwepamusoro pavanotora njodzi mukutenga munyika kuti vawane kudzoka kwakanaka.

Nyaya inoenderana:

Mari yepanjodzi inokanganisa sei misika yemasheya?

Iyi premium inotarwa sei?

Nyika dzese dzinoburitsa zvisungo zvinotsinhanisirwa mukati misika yechipiri uye mune iyo chiyero chemubereko chakaiswa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa. Iyo premium inoverengwa kubva pamusiyano uripo pakati pemakore gumi-zvisungo izvo nyika iri muEuropean Union, kana ichienzaniswa neiyo yakaburitswa neGerman.

Inflation

Inflation ndeimwe yeiyo macroeconomic akasiyana zvinotonyanya kukosha, nekuti ndiyo iyo inonongedza zvakananga kuwedzera kwemitengo nenzira yakajairika.

Kazhinji, account yegore rimwe inogadzirwa uye izvi hazvingobatanidzi chete zvinhu zvemunyika, asiwo ese masevhisi.

Nyaya inoenderana:

Chii chinonzi inflation?

Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinoitika mukati me inflation

Mukati inflation pane zvinhu zvakawanda. Imwe yeakanyanya iwo ndeye kudiwa; Kana chinodikanwa chenyika chichiwedzera, asi nyika isati yagadzirira icho, pane kukwira kwemitengo.

Yechipiri ndeye the offer. Kana izvi zvikaitika imhaka yekuti mutengo wevarimi unotanga kuwedzera, uye ivo vanotanga kuwedzera mitengo kuitira kuchengetedza purofiti yavo.

Na hukama hunokonzera. Izvi zvinoitika mune chiitiko chekuti kuwedzera kwemitengo kunotarisirwa mune ramangwana, asi vateresi vanotanga kubhadharisa zvakanyanya zvinodhura pamberi penguva.

Nharaunda dzekufarira mukuchinja kwemacroeconomic

Icho chimwezve chinhu chinotorwa mukufunga kwemacroeconomic misiyano. Mukati menyika, mitengo yakakoshesesa yemubereko ndeiya yakaiswa nebhangi repakati. Mari iyi inokweretwa nehurumende kumabhanga uye mabhanga aya anozopa mamwe mabhanga kana vanhuwo zvavo.
Kana iyo mari ikweretwa, zvinoenderana nemitero yemubereko yebhangi iro uye iyo inofanirwa kudzoserwa pamwe nemari yese yasara.

The mwero wekutsinhana

Imwe pfungwa yakakosha mune iyo macroeconomic misiyano ndiyo mwero wekutsinhana. Chiyero chekutsinhana chinogara chichiyerwa pakati pemari mbiri huru uye izvi zvinofungidzirwawo neEuropean Central Bank. Chiyero chekuchinjana ndechimwe chemapoinzi akakosha kana zvasvika pakuziva kana mari yenyika yadzikiswa kana kukosheswa.

Balance yekubhadhara

Balance yekubhadhara Icho chinhu chinofanirwa kugara chichiiswa mupfungwa kana uchiedza kuziva macroeconomic akasiyana. Pano, izvo zvinoverengerwa ndiko kuyerera kwemari kune nyika mune imwe nguva, inowanzo kuve gore.

Mukati meyero yekubhadhara kune mhando dzinoverengeka dzekuverenga musiyano wehupfumi:

• Bhizinesi rekuyera Mari yekutengeserana ndiyo inoenderana nekutengeswa kwemhando yezvinhu, pamwe nemhando dzemari.
• Chiyero chezvinhu nemasevhisi. Pano chiyero chekutengeserana uye chiyero chebasa chinowedzerwa. Apa ndipo panopinda masevhisi ezvekufambisa, zvekutakura, zveinishuwarenzi uye zvekushanyirwa, ese marudzi emari uye rubatsiro rwehunyanzvi zvinouya.
• Ikozvino account account. Pano zvigadzirwa nemasevhisi zvinowedzerwa, kuwedzera kune mashandiro akaitwa nekuchinjisa. Bhalansi iyi inosanganisirawo kudzoserwa kunevatorwa vanosvika munyika, rubatsiro rwekunze rwunopihwa nyika zhinji kana zvipo zvinopihwa kumasangano epasi rose
• Chiyero chakakosha. Pano, isu tine huwandu hwenhoroondo yazvino pamwe nemisoro mirefu-yenguva.

Kushaya basa senge macroeconomic musiyano wenyika

Kushaya mabasa munyika ndiyo huwandu hwevasina mabasa uhwo nyika yakapihwa. Tsananguro yemunhu asingashande munhu anoda kushanda asi asingagoni kuwana basa uye kwete vanhu vese vari munyika vasiri kushanda panguva iyoyo.

Kuziva kushomeka kwehuwandu hwenyika, iyo chikamu chevanhu vasina mabasa vanofanirwa kutorwa pamusoro pehuwandu hwevanhu vanoshanda.
Kuti munhu anzi apinde mumabasa, anofanira kunge apfuura makore gumi nematanhatu ekuberekwa. Mukati meSpain, kune nzira mbiri umo chiyero chekushaikwa kwemabasa chinogona kuyerwa uye iwo ari ehurumende basa rebasa kana kuongororwa kwevashandi.

Kugovera uye zvinoda zviratidzo mu macroeconomic misiyano

Mune ino kesi, zvinongedzo zvekupa ndeavo anotiudza nezve hupfumi kupa nyika. Pakati pezviratidzo izvi indasitiri yekupa indasitiri, zviratidzo zvekuvaka uye zviratidzo zvebasa.
Nezve zvinoda zviratidzo, iwo mashandisiro ekushandisa, zviratidzo zvekudyara mari uye pakupedzisira izvo zvine chekuita nekutengeserana kwekunze.

Aggregate kudiwa uye kupa

Uyu muenzaniso edza kutsanangura hupfumi huripo kuongorora kugadzirwa kwenguva uye nemitengo iripo kuburikidza neyakaunganidzwa kupa uye kuda mabasa. Ndicho chishandiso chakakosha chekudzidza kushanduka kwakasiyana mukugadzirwa uye nemitengo nekutenda kune yemasvomhu modhi inogona kumiririrwa zvakajeka. Kutenda chishandiso ichi, zvinobatsira kunzwisisa mhedzisiro yemitemo yakasiyana yehupfumi uye semhedzisiro, kukwanisa kuongorora kukanganisa kune macroeconomic variables.

Izvo zvikamu zvekuita ongororo iyi ndezvekupa uye huwandu hwezvinodiwa.

• Aggregate kudiwa: Icho chiratidzo chemusika wezvinhu nemasevhisi. Iyo inoumbwa neyakazvimirira yekudyiwa, yakazvimiririra kudyara, mari yeruzhinji, uye mune mamiriro eakavhurika hupfumi hweanet kunze kwenyika (kunze kwenyika kubvisa kunze).
• Chipo chakawedzerwa: Ndiyo huwandu hwezvinhu nemasevhisi zvinopihwa pamitengo yakasiyana yepakati. Saka modhi iyi inoshandiswa kuongorora inflation, kukura, kushaikwa kwemabasa uye, muchidimbu, basa rinoitwa nemutemo wezvemari.

Microeconomic misiyano: chii izvo?

Ndiwo misiyano iyo hanya nezvehunhu hwehupfumi. Ivo vanogona kuve ese ari maviri makambani nevatengi, vatengesi, vashandi uye hukama hwavo nemisika. Izvo zvinhu zvinopinda mukutamba kuti zviongororwe zvinowanzova zvinhu, mitengo, misika uye akasiyana ehupfumi vamiririri.

Zvichienderana nekuti ndeupi mumiriri anodzidzwa, zvimwe zvidzidzo kana zvimwe zvinoshanda. Semuenzaniso muvatengi, dzidziso yemutengi inotorwa mukufungwa. Kubva pano, zvaunofarira, bhajeti, kubatsira kwezvigadzirwa uye mhando dzezvinhu, zvinokutendera iwe kuti uone kuti kunwa kuchaitika sei. Saizvozvowo, kumakambani, kune dzidziso yemugadziri sebasa rekugadzira, kuwedzera purofiti uye mutengo wemakona. Nezve misika, maumbirwo uye mamodheru emakwikwi akakwana uye asina kukwana anowanzo kuongororwa.