Imwe yekusavimbika paunenge uchizosaina mogeji ndeyekusarudza iyo yakatarwa nguva kana kupokana iyo inoshanduka. Icho chisarudzo chaunogona kuvimba nacho kubhadhara mari yakawanda kana shoma kwenguva yakareba kwazvo nekuda kwehupenyu hweichi chigadzirwa chemari. Iyi sarudzo inofanirwa kuitwa zvichibva pane akateedzana misiyano, kunyangwe chimwe chezvinhu zvinotarisisa chichava icho chine chekuita nekushanduka kwemitero yemari mumisika yemari. Kusvika padanho rekuti iyi data ichakupa zvinopfuura imwechete chiratidzo chekusarudza imwe kana imwe modhi yemari.
Chero zvazvingaitika, mutengo wemari unenge wakakosha kuti iwe ubatanidze mogeji yako pane imwe kana imwe mhando yekufarira. Panguva ino, sarudzo yeEuropean Central Bank (ECB) ku dzikisa mutengo wemari Izvo zvaita kuti kondirakiti yeanoshanduka-temu mamogeji zvive zvakanyanya kubatsira kupfuura pakutanga. Nekuti zvinoenderana neiri zano rezvemari, chengetedzo iwe yauchange unayo muzvikamu zvemwedzi nemwedzi zvichave zvakanyanya. Mupfungwa iyi, haugone kukanganwa kuti mwero wekufarira munzvimbo yeuro iri pamatanho epasi. Chinhu chinokubatsira kusarudza iyi sarudzo yembairo.
Mutengo wemari munyika dzeyurozone iri pa 0%. Izvi mukuita zvinoreva kuti mari yacho haina basa uye nekudaro inogara ichigutsa zvakanyanya kune zvaunofarira kuti ubhadhare kusiyanisa mwero wechikwereti pane wakatarwa. Nekudaro, ichi chiitiko chisingagare nguva dzese uye chero nguva chingatendeuka chikubata iwe mune yakachinja nhanho. Naiyo, iyo inogona kuburitsa nhevedzano yenjodzi mukati nepakati uye kwenguva refu yaunofanirwa kufunga nezvayo kana uchigadzira ichi chigadzirwa chemari. Nekuti mari zhinji iri panjodzi mumhando iyi yemabasa akakosha kwazvo.
Mamogeji: akanyanya kubatwa?
Zvinoenderana neazvino dhata yakapihwa neNational Institute of Statistics (INE), zviri pachena kuti misiyano ndiyo mizhinji pakati pevashandisi veSpanish. Pakawanikwa mumushumo wayo kuti muzvikwereti zvakagadzirwa mudzimba, avhareji yemutero ndeye 2,73% (13,5% yakaderera kupfuura Zvita 2016) uye avhareji temu yemakore makumi maviri nematatu. Ipo 23% yezvikwereti zvemumba zviri pamwero wakasiyana uye 37,5% pachiyero chakatarwa. Chimwe chikamu chakakosha chedata kubva kuongororo iyi ndechekuti yakatarwa-mwero mari yechikwereti yakawana huwandu hwegore kuwedzera kwe4,9%.
Chirevo chemwedzi nemwedzi cheINE chinosimbisawo kuti avhareji yemutero pakutanga ndeye 2,54% yezvikwereti zvemumba pamitengo yemitengo inowirirana (ine kuderera kwe18,6%) uye 3,13% yezinga rakatarwa (3,5% pasi). Nezve huwandu hwakazara hwezvikwereti zvine shanduko mumamiriro avo akanyoreswa mumazita ezvivakwa zviri 5.519, 24,4% pasi pegore rapfuura. Nezve dzimba, huwandu hwezvikwereti izvo gadzirisa mamiriro avo inoderera 17,6%.
Nemhando ipi yaunobhadhara zvishoma?
Mumwe wemibvunzo inomuka ndeyekuti ndeupi rudzi rwechiyero chemari iyo vanozopedzisira vabhadhara mari shoma yekumisikidza yavo mutero wechikwereti Zvakanaka, zvese zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu iyo mitengo yezvibereko iripo panguva imwe neimwe. Kune izvi, iwe unokwanisa kuponesa maeuro mashoma kuburikidza nezvikamu zvepamwedzi. Mune ino yazvino, chakanakira chinhu kusendamira kune chiyero chinoshanduka. Pakati pezvimwe zvikonzero, nekuti iwe unogona kuwana mune yazvino mogeji kupihwa inopararira kunyangwe pazasi pe1%.
Izvi zvine zvakawanda zvekuita nekushanduka kwe Chiratidzo cheEurope, iyo Euribor, kune iyo inopfuura 90% yemitero inoshanduka yemari munyika medu yakabatana, zvinoenderana nedata rakapihwa neNational Institute of Statistics. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nenyaya yekuti iyi sosi yekureva iri pazasi enhoroondo. Kunyanya, mushure memakore mazhinji inowanikwa munzvimbo isina kunaka, kunyanya pa -0,161. Uye izvi zvinobatsira kuburitsa kwako kuti chigadzirwa ichi chive chakaderera kupfuura pakutanga uye mune chero chiitiko chinobatsira kupfuura kana iwe ukasarudza chiyero chakamisikidzwa pane yako mogeji.
Yakagadziriswa mwero kuongororwa
Chero zvazvingaitika, shanduko yakaonekwa nevashandisi mumwedzi yapfuura. Tichifarira yakamisikidzwa-rate regeti pamusoro pezvakasiyana. Uku kusiyanisa kwehunyanzvi hwevatengi kunonyanya kukonzerwa neshanduko yemamiriro mu marongero emari. MuEuropean Union, mari yemubereko inotarisirwa kutanga kukwira mukupera kwegore rino, zvisinei zvishoma nezvishoma. Chinhu chakatotanga kukura muUnited States, uko kufarira mari kwakwira kusvika pamwero we1,50% uye 1,75%. Takatarisana neichi chiitiko chitsva, yakatarwa-rate regeji zvakare inonakidzwa nezvinodiwa nevavanonyorera.
Kushandisa zano iri kunogona kubatsira zvakanyanya pane zvaunofarira munguva yepakati nepakati. Icho chikonzero ndechekuti iwe uchafanirwa kuita a kuedza kukuru kwehupfumi, asi pamusoro pemakore anozoenzanirana semhedzisiro yemusiyano wezasi zvine chekuita nekusiyana-kwetemu regeji. Mupfungwa iyi, avhareji yemari yemubereko pakutanga kwekuvhiya ndeye 2,54% yezvikwereti zvemumba pamitero-inodzika dzimba uye 3,10% yemitero yakatarwa.
Nguva dzose nemari imwechete yemwedzi
Asi iwe zvakare uchave nebhenefiti iyo nguva dzose iwe uchabhadhara mari imwe chete yemwedzi. Chero chii chinoitika mumisika yemari. Saka kuti nenzira iyi, iwe uri mune iri nani mamiriro ekuronga yako wega kana yemhuri bhajeti. Nekuti hauzove nerudzi rwezvishamiso panguva yechibvumirano. Kusiyana nemhando dzakasiyana dzinoenderana nekuchinja kwemisika yemari. Mupfungwa iyi, kana chinangwa chako chiri chekuva nerunyararo rukuru rwepfungwa kubva zvino zvichienda mberi, zvakanakisa kugadzirisa imwe yemitero yemitero. Kunyangwe pakutanga iwe uchizobhadhara imwe mari, mushure mekuverengeka kwakawanda huwandu hweichi chigadzirwa chemari chinodzikiswa.
Kubva pane ino mamiriro, zvichave zvakare zvakareruka kuti iwe uzive kuti pamwero wakatarwa iyo makomisheni ari kuda zvakanyanya. Nekuti zvazviri, ivo vanoshandisa chimbadzo chinokanda pakati pe1% ne1,5% uye kune rimwe divi ivo vanowanzoisa mune dzimwe nguva komisheni yenjodzi yemutero. Ingozi yaunofanirwa kutora kuti usarudze iyi imwe mari. Mukutsinhana kwekusava nemisiyano mumari yekutenga imba. Ndiwo mwenje nemimvuri yemhando mbiri dzemari yekutenga imba.
Mamiriro ezvinhu muzvikwereti
Chero zvazvingaitika, kana chinangwa chako chiri chekunyorera chikwereti chemogeji panguva ino, pamwe sarudzo yakanakisa chiyero chinoshanduka nekuti ndiyo sarudzo inobatsira kwazvo. Nekuti kupararira kwavo kuri kudhura nekuda kwezvaunoda iwe pachako. Asi kana iwe ukatarisa zvakanyanya mune yepakati nepakati yakareba nekuti unenge usina nhau muhupenyu hwese hwechikwereti. Izvo hazvizokupe iwe zvakafanana, chii chinoitika mumisika yemari, kunyangwe kana chiitiko chekukwira kwezvibereko chemari chazadzikiswa. Ndokunge, pakutanga iwe uchabhadhara imwe mari, asizve ako maakaunzi ako achave akaenzana kana kuvandudzwa.
Panguva ino, yakatarwa-chiyero mamogeji ane chiyero chekufarira yakakwirira nehafu kana maviri muzana mapoinzi zvine chekuita nemutengo unoshanduka. Naizvozvo, chisarudzo chega chega chinogona kuchinja chero nguva uye zvinoenderana nemitemo yezvemari nebhangi reEuropean rinodzora. Kune rimwe divi, kune zvekare imwe sarudzo yemamakigege akasanganiswa, inova musanganiswa chaiwo wemhando mbiri idzi. Nezvakanakira nekuipira izvi mafomati emari.
Mitemo yekugara
Kubva ikozvino zvichienda mberi, iwe uchafanirwa chete kutora karukureta uye wotarisa kuti ndeipi yakanakira nzira yekubhadhara mashoma maeuro mukubhadhara kwako kwemwedzi pamwedzi panguva yekugara kwechigadzirwa chemari ichi. Mupfungwa iyi, iyo yekuwedzera nguva yekudzikisira yakadzikiswa ku Makumi mana kana makumi mashanu. Mushure memakore angangoita makumi mashanu dambudziko remari risati rasvika. Hazvishamisi kuti ndezvimwe zvezvinhu zvaunofanira kufunga nezvazvo kuti uzive kana zvichikunakira kuti utore yakatarwa reti mogeji kana, asi, zvakasiyana.
Kune rimwe divi, chimwe chinhu chekuwongorora makomisheni uye kuti mune ino mamiriro ari kuderedzwa. Izvo zvinonyanya kuwanda uye zvakanyanya kuti ivo vanoregererwa kubva kune idzi mari semhedzisiro yakadzika kwazvo chikamu chemari. Chero zvazvingaitika, vanomiririra kusvika ku2% yemari inodiwa mukushanda. Uye kuti ivo vanogona pakupedzisira kuita kuti yekupedzisira mutengo unodhura kune ayo maratidziro kubva zvino zvichienda mberi. Kune rimwe divi, kune zvekare imwe sarudzo yemamakigege akasanganiswa, inova musanganiswa chaiwo wemhando mbiri idzi. Nezvakanakira nekuipira izvi mafomati emari.