Imwe yematemu anonzwikwa zvakanyanya nezve nyika ndeiya yekushomeka kweruzhinji. Izvi hazvina kunaka kana zvanyanya, nekuti zvicharatidza kuti mari inodarika mari munyika, izvo zvine mhedzisiro yakaipa.
Asi, Chii chaizvo chiri kushaikwa kweruzhinji? Sezvo kuyerwa? Zvinotikanganisa sei? Kana iwe wakazvibvunza iwe zvese izvi, saka isu tichaenda kuzotarisa pane ichi chiratidzo chinobatsira kuziva kana nyika iri kuita zvakanaka kana kana paine matambudziko muhupfumi hwayo.
Chii chinonzi kushomeka kweruzhinji
Nzira iri nyore yekutsanangudza kushomeka kweruzhinji iri nemuenzaniso. Fungidzira kuti nyika inotanga kushandisa yakawanda kupfuura yainopinda. Semuenzaniso, kana iwe ukapinda 1 miriyoni euros, yako mari ari maviri mamirioni. Izvo kuwedzera mari zvinoreva kuti une zvikwereti, uye unofanirwa kubhadhara avo vane chikwereti chemari, saka shandisa maturusi ekuunganidza mari iyoyo, kungave nezvikwereti kana mamwe mafomula. Asi kana mari ikaramba yakakwira, haizombo kwanisa kupedzisa kushomeka kwayo uye, mukufamba kwenguva, nyika inova murombo uye zviri kuwedzera kuomera kuwana mari.
Izwi rinopesana rinenge riri reruzhinji rwevanhu, zvinoreva kuti mari iri pamusoro kupfuura mari, ndokuti, une mari yekushandisa kana kuisa mari. Ichokwadi ndechekuti hazvisi nyore kuwana mienzaniso yeizvi, asi kune nyika dzine hushoma hwevanhu.
Kukanganisa kweruzhinji muSpain
Panyaya yeSpain, kukanganisa kwevanhu kwakanyanya kwazvo. Maererano 2020 data, 10,97% yeGDP yakasvikwa, iyo, tichiienzanisa neyedzimwe nyika, mugore iro tiri panzvimbo 175 kunze kwenyika zana negumi neshanu.
Izvi zvinosanganisirei? Zvakanaka, isu tiri pakati pekupedzisira nzvimbo mune yakaoma mamiriro. Takabva pakuve nekushomeka kwemamiriyoni makumi matatu nemazana matatu nemakumi matatu neshanu kusvika mukushaikwa kwemamiriyoni gumi nemaviri nemakumi mairi nemaviri, izvo zvave kuwedzera kukuru, muchikamu chakawedzerwa nedambudziko redenda.
Kukanganisa kweruzhinji uye chikwereti cheveruzhinji
Vazhinji vakarasika mukufunga kuti kushomeka kweruzhinji uye chikwereti cheveruzhinji zvakafanana, apo zvazviri zvisiri. Musiyano mukuru pakati pematemu maviri ndewekuti kushomeka kweruzhinji kunoonekwa sekushanduka kwekuyerera, nepo chikwereti cheveruzhinji chingave chakasiyana stock.
Izvi zvinorevei? Zvakanaka, kushomeka kweruzhinji musiyano uripo pakati pemari nemari pazvinenge zvapihwa nguva; nepo chikwereti cheveruzhinji chingave icho mari yakaunganidzwa inoitwa yekutsigira kushomeka kweruzhinji. Mune mamwe mazwi, ndizvo zvakweretwa kune vamwe vakatikweretesa kuti tikwanise kusangana nemubhadharo wemimwe mari yavanayo.
Zvinoverengerwa sei
Kana uchiverenga kushomeka kweruzhinji, pane zviratidzo zvitatu zvakakosha kwazvo zvinokanganisa: mari yenyika, mari yeiyi, uye GDP. Dzese dzinofanirwa kusimbiswa kwenguva imwechete, inowanzo kuve gore rimwe chete.
Iyo fomula ichave inotevera:
Kukanganisa kweruzhinji = mari - mari.
Zvino, nei GDP ichifanira kutarisirwa? Nekuti iwe unogona kuita mutemo wevatatu. Kana zana muzana raizove GDP, kukanganisa kwevanhu kwaizove x% yeGDP. Semuenzaniso, fungidzira kuti une chiuru cheGDP, uye kuti kushomeka kweruzhinji kwave kuri zviuru zana.
Nemutemo uyu wevatatu, kushomeka kweruzhinji kungave 10% yeGDP.
Maitiro ekuiwana mari
Nyika ine nzira dzekutsigira paruzhinji kushomeka. Pakati pavo pane:
- Kukwidza mitero. Chinangwa chako ndechekuunganidza imwe mari kuti ubhadhare zvaunoshandisa. Dambudziko nderekuti izvi zvinowira zvakananga kune vagari venyika, izvo zvinoreva kuti vanorasikirwa nemari yakawanda uye hupenyu hwavo hunotambura. Neichi chikonzero, vazhinji vanofunga kusiya nyika.
- Bvisa imwe mari. Izvi hazvisi zvakajairwa nekuti zvinogona kureva kuti pane kudzikira kwemari, uye haina kunaka, asi inzira inoshandiswa munyika dzisina kusimukira.
- Bvisa chikwereti cheveruzhinji. Ndicho chinoitwa zvakanyanya. Izvo ndezvekuisa zvisungo zvehurumende uye zvikwereti zvehurumende pamusika kuti vatengesi vazvitenge uye, nekudaro, vawane mari yekubhadhara zvikwereti zvavo. Dambudziko nderekuti, kana ikakura nekukura, pakupedzisira hazvigone kubhadhara mari iyo "yakweretwa".
Chero dzedzidziso idzi dzinogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakaipa kuzvikamu zvehupfumi; Neichi chikonzero, sarudzo inofanirwa kutorwa nenzira yakadzidzwa kuitira kuti isazokuvadza zvakanyanya.
Kukanganisa kweruzhinji kunotibata sei
Kuti unzwisise kushomeka kweruzhinji hapana zvirinani kupfuura semuenzaniso. Fungidzira kuti une muhoro wemwedzi wega we1000 euros. Uye imwe mari ye2000 euros. Izvi zvinoreva kuti une chikwereti 1000 euros, chausina, kune inishuwarenzi, chikafu, nezvimwe. Saka zvaunoita kubvunza shamwari, hama, iwo ma1000 euros.
Mwedzi unotevera, dzokera kuchinhu chimwe chete, uye unobvunza munhu iyeye mamwe ma1000 euros. Izvi zvinoreva kuti watove nechikwereti naye zviuru zviviri, asi ko kana painewo kufarira? Zvingave zvakanyanya. Kana izvi zvikaramba zvichiitika, pakupedzisira unozove nechikwereti kwaari chakakura mari chausingazokwanise kubhadhara nekuti, kana ukaramba uchiita zvakafanana, hauzodzikise mari, uye kana ukasatsvaga imwe mari, iwe haife yakapedza kubhadhara chikwereti.
Zvingasanganisirei? Zvakanaka, panogona kuve nenguva apo munhu iyeye asingazokubhadhare iwe yakawanda. Iwe haugone kubhadhara chero munhu futi, iwe uchafanirwa kushandura mararamiro ako kuti urarame, kune akaipisisa, kwenguva pfupi.
Zvakanaka Zvimwe chetezvo ndozvinoitika munyika apo kushomeka kwavo kuruzhinji kwakanyanya; hunhu hwehupenyu hwevanhu hunokanganiswa uye nyika inowedzera kukwereta, ichisvika panguva iyo isingakwanise kuenderera, uye ndipo pavano fanirwa kuinunura (kana kuti irege ife).
Kunyangwe paine zvakawanda zvimwe zvinhu uye zvese hazvisi zvakanyanya, iwe une chekutanga fungidziro yezviri kushomeka kweruzhinji uye zvazvinoreva kuti nyika ive nazvo zvakanyanya kwazvo. Naizvozvo, chimwe chezvinangwa zveHurumende chinofanirwa kunge chiri chekudzikisa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, uye nekukurumidza sezvazvinogona, kudzivirira matambudziko nemhedzisiro huru iyo isingazove yakanaka mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu.