Inflation, deflation, hyperinflation uye stagflation: zvavanoreva

Euro mari

Mukupindura inflation uye mamwe maitiro anoenderana nemutengo shanduko

Kukwira kwemitengo ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha mukushanduka kwehupfumi. Uye inotora danho, kwete chete kuti hurumende dzigadzirise marongero azvo ezvehupfumi, asi zvakare kuyera mutengi kushandisa. Hazvishamise kuti, zvichienderana neshanduko iyi, ivo vanozokwanisa kuve nekuwedzera mubairo, kubhadhara mari yakawanda kana vachigadzira bhasikiti rekutenga, kana kungoti panguva yekuongorora kondirakiti yekurenda imba yavo.

Takatarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu aya, hazvishamise kuti vese vatongi nevagari vanogara vachiziva nezve shanduko yaro. Izwi rehupfumi iro rinoyera shanduko idzi mune zvehupfumi zvinodaidzwa kuti inflation. Uye chii chaizvo chiri iyo kuwedzera kwakawanda mumitengo yezvinhu nemasevhisi munyika. Naizvozvo ndezvekuti mumwe nemumwe wavo ane indekisi iyo kuyerwa kwemitengo. Uye izvo mune yakatarwa kesi yeSpain inomiririrwa neConsumer Price Index, inonyatso kuzivikanwa nechidimbu chayo, CPI.

Kumisa inflation, chimwe chinhu icho nyika dzine huremu hwakanyanya pasi rose dzinotya, mabhanga epakati anowanzo kukwidza mwero wechimbadzo pachikwereti cheveruzhinji. Uye semhedzisiro yacho, zvido zvemanyuko makuru emari zvinowedzerwa (kiredhiti, mogeji, nezvimwewo), uye mhedzisiro yacho ndeyekuti kushandiswa kwadzoserwa. Kunyangwe iyo yakanaka mamiriro, iyo zvakare iinayo, ndeyekuti iwo mabhengi mamodheru ekuchengetedza (nguva yekuisa, mabhengi ekuvimbisa manotsi ...) vanopa kukwikwidza kuita kune avo vanonyorera. Vachitora mukana wezvavanofarira, vanovhima kana vangotengwa.

Mitemo yakabatana nekushanduka kwemitengo

Kuderera kwemutengo mumisika

Pamwe hapana munhu akashaya zvarinoreva, kunyangwe iwe. Hazvishamisi kuti iro izwi rinowoneka richienderera mberi mune yekudyidzana midhiya enhau, kunyanya mune ruzivo rwemari. Asi zvinhu zvinowedzera kuomarara, apo pese paunonzwa mamwe mazwi anobva mukuwedzera kana kudzikira kwemitengo. Uye kuti haugone kujairira kune zvarinoreva, uye nei mafambiro emari aya achiitika.

Tiri kureva mazwi pari zvino zvakanyanya muvogue yeanenge munhu wese, senge deflation, hyperinflation uye stagflation. Isu tinonyatsoziva zvavanoreva here? Yekutanga yavo yazvino kwazvo, nekuti iri danho rezvehupfumi iro, kune rakakura kana shoma, riri kukanganisa hupfumi hweSpain. Uye izvo zvekuti uchave uchizviona semutengi zvauri. Kwete pasina, deflation inoonekwa pese panodonha mitengo, uye iyo inoendeswa kune yakashata shanduko mune yega yega maindices ayo anoyera shanduko yemitengo.

Kunyangwe pakutanga, ichiita senge chakanakira mamiriro kuvagari, haina kunaka kudaro. Zvakare, zvikwata zvehupfumi zvehurumende zvinotya kuoneka kweichi chiitiko mukuumbwa kwemitengo. Icho chikonzero hachisi chimwe kunze kwekukanganisa kwaro kumahombekombe ekutengesa emakambani. Uye semhedzisiro yemaitiro aya, kushomeka kwemabasa kunowedzera, pamwe nekuderera kukuru mukushandisa.

Kuti ujekese zvakajeka mamiriro aya, ane njodzi mukuona kwevanoona nezvehupfumi, mumwe chete anofanira kutarisa shanduko yehupfumi hweSpain mumakore matatu apfuura. Kufungisisa nekumwe kushushikana kuti kuita kwekududzira kuri kuita sei. Iine CPI munharaunda isina kunaka, kunyangwe isina kunyanyisa kusimba.

Stagflation: kuderera uye inflation

Gakava pane stagflation

Icho chiitiko chinoputika zvakanyanya uye chakapamhamha kupfuura chekare, uye chinokuvadza zvakanyanya kune ese magariro nehupfumi zvikamu. Kwete pasina, inogadzirwa kana mitengo ichiwedzera uye paine kudzikira kwehupfumi. Mupfungwa iyi, iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti kuitira mamiriro ekupedzisira kuitika, Gross Domestic Chigadzirwa (GDP) inofanirwa kurekodha kanokwana maviri akateedzana makota nekudonha mune yayo hupfumi chiitiko.

Ehezve, ndiyo imwe yemamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa ayo chero nyika mupasi inogona kupfuura nayo. Inobata hurumende, vashandirwi nevashandi, muzvikamu zvakaenzana. Uye izvo zvinogona kugadzirwa neicho chaicho chiitiko, senge kukwira mumutengo wemafuta. Imwe yezviridzwa zvine stagflation iri kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana dzemari, kusanganisira kudzikisira kwemari dzakakanganiswa.

Muenzaniso wekuenzanisira mamiriro aya muhupfumi hwenyika ichatisvitsa kuJapan muma90, muzana rapfuura. Iko kwamakore mazhinji kuderera uye inflation kwakagara mune imwe cocktail yakanyanya kukanganisa hupfumi hweJapan. Uye makore iwayo gare gare, vezvehupfumi vechimiro cheakakunda mubayiro weNobel, Paul Krugman, anofungidzira kuti iyi njodzi ine njodzi macroeconomic mamiriro angamuka zvakare.

Hyperinflation: kukwira padanho remutengo

Hyperinflation muzvitoro

Uye isu tinoenda kumagumo, maitiro ausingazomboona, zvirinani munguva pfupi nepakati, kana uchigara muEuropean Union. Icho hachisi chimwe kunze kwehyperinflation, iyo inokura kana kukwira kuenderera uye nekukurumidza kwemitengo kuchigadzirwa yenzvimbo yezvehupfumi kana nyika. Njodzi huru inomuka kubva pakusvika kwavo iko kuderera kwakasimba musimba rekutenga remari yemuno.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya indekisi yemutengo inogona kukwira kumusoro, zvisinei nekukura kwehupfumi hwayo, kusvika pamakumi matatu muzana, makumi mana muzana, kana kunyange zvimwe zvikamu zvinoputika.. Mienzaniso yekujekesa iyi mamiriro haisi kushomeka mune chero nhoroondo nhoroondo, uye zvishoma mune yazvino iyi. Chikamu chakanaka chenyika dzeLatin America (Argentina, Ecuador, Venezuela, nezvimwewo) famba pasi peichi chiitiko chinokanganisa. Uye uko vagari ndivo vanonyanya kubatwa

Mumaminetsi mashoma iwe wapfuura nemumatanho ese anogona kubva mukukwira kana kudzikira kwemitengo, asi zvakare yakabatana nehukuru hwekuita muhupfumi. Uye izvo mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu iwe unozokanganiswa nemhedzisiro yazvo. Kushaikwa kukuru kwemabasa, mitengo yezvinyorwa uye zvinhu zvekushandisa kuburikidza nedenga, uye kunyangwe dambudziko rekuzvipa mari chichava zvimwe zvacho. Kunyangwe, chero zvakadaro, kubva zvino zvichienda mberi havachazoenda vasina kucherechedzwa. Kwete pasina, iwe uchave uine zvishoma kujekesa izvo zvese zvinoitwa zvine chekuita nekushanduka kwemitengo zvinoreva. Uye izvo sekuona kwawakaita kunopfuura imwe.


Makomendi gumi, siya zvako

Siya yako yekutaura

Your kero e havazobvumirwi ichibudiswa. Raida minda anozivikanwa ne *

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  1. Inotarisira iyo data: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Chinangwa cheiyo data: Kudzora SPAM, manejimendi manejimendi.
  3. Legitimation: Kubvuma kwako
  4. Kutaurirana kwedata
  5. Dhata yekuchengetedza: Dhatabhesi inobatwa neOccentus Networks (EU)
  6. Kodzero: Panguva ipi neipi iwe unogona kudzora, kupora uye kudzima ruzivo rwako

  1.   inflation akadaro

    Inflation ndiko kuwanda uye kuenderera mberi kwekukwira kwemitengo yezvinhu, masevhisi uye nezvibereko zvinhu zvemunyika, izvo zvinoreva kudzikiswa kwesimba rekutenga remari.
    Deflation ndiko kuderera kwakawanda mumutengo wezvinhu nemasevhisi mune hupfumi. Mitengo inoderera semhedzisiro yekudonha kwekudiwa, kusvika padanho apo vatengesi vanofanira kutengesa zvigadzirwa zvavo kuti vabhadhare zvirinani mitengo yavo yakatarwa.
    Hyperinflation inoitika kana inflation ikadzora uye simba remunyika rarasikirwa nechitoro chayo chakakosha.
    Stagflation inguva iyo hupfumi hwenyika uye inflation inomira. Izvi hazviderere chero nguva uye kune jekiseni rinoputika pamwe nekuwedzera kwekushomeka kwemabasa uye kupinda mumatambudziko kana kuderera kwehupfumi (hupfumi hunoitika apo GDP inoderera kwemakota maviri akateedzana).

  2.   malvin abreu akadaro

    Hukama hunoitika kana inflation isisakwanise kudzora uye mari yenyika ikarasikirwa nechitoro chayo chakakosha.
    Kudzikira ndiyo nguva iyo hupfumi hwenyika uye inflation inomira. Izvi hazviderere chero nguva uye kune jekiseni rinoputika pamwe nekuwedzera kwekushomeka kwemabasa uye kupinda mumatambudziko kana kuderera kwehupfumi (hupfumi hunoitika apo GDP inoderera kwemakota maviri akateedzana).

  3.   Esther Lindauris weRoma akadaro

    Inflation: ndiko kuwedzera uye kuenderera mberi kwekuwedzera kwemitengo mumusika kwenguva yakati, kazhinji pagore. Kana huwandu hwakawanda hwemutengo hukwira, vashoma zvinhu uye masevhisi anotengwa neyese unit yemari. Mune mamwe mazwi, inflation inoratidza kuderera kwesimba rekutenga remari: kurasikirwa kweiyo chaiyo kukosha kweiyo yepakati sosi yekutsinhana uye yuniti yechiyero chehupfumi.
    Kukanganisa kana kukwira inflation: iko kuwanda uye kuwanda kwemitengo.
    Hyperinflation: Inokurumidza uye inoramba ichikwira mumutengo, izvo zvinoita kuti vanhu varege kuchengeta mari, nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwayinoita kukosha, uye vanosarudza kuchengeta zvigadzirwa.
    Stagflation: inozivikanwa nekumira kwehupfumi nepo kukwira kwemitengo nemubairo zvichiramba