Ino nguva yatichazotaura nezvayo Gini index Kuti tiite izvi, tichaita sumo pfupi nezve izvo a index ndiyo nhamba inomiririra yemisiyano iripo Nekuremekedza chinoshamisa cherudzi rwupi zvarwo zvinogona kunge zviri zvemhando ipi neipi, asi mhedzisiro yaro igirafu inotarisisa padhuze data rese, izvi nechinangwa chekuparadzira uye / kana kunzwisisa kweruzivo.
Chinyorwa chekusaenzana ndicho chiyero chinopfupisa nzira iyo musiyano unogoverwa, chero zvazvingava, pakati pechaunga chevanhu. Panyaya yekusaenzana kwehupfumi, muyero unoshanduka unowanzo kuve kushandisa kwemhuri, vanobatana pamwe chete kana vanhuwo zvavo. Iye weItaly statistician Paradzira Gini, Ini ndinogadzira chiratidzo chinoshandiswa nekuyera mwero wekusaenzana pakati pevagari varipo veimwe nharaunda. Kusiyana neindekisi, coefficient inoverengwa sechikamu cheuwandu hwenzvimbo dziri mumufananidzo weanozivikanwa "Lorenz munyonga"
Iko Gini coefficient inosanganisira nhamba pakati pe0 ne1, 0 ari iye anoenderana nekuenzana kwakakwana, uko munhu wese aine mari yakafanana, nepo huwandu hwenhamba 1 hwakaenzana nekusaenzana kwakakwana, uko munhu mumwechete ane mari uye mumwe nemumwe asina. Iyo Gini Index ndiyo Gini coefficient, asi yakaratidzwa mukureva kune yakakwira zana, kusiyana neyakaenzana iyo inoenderana nemadhesimendi manhamba ehunhu aripo chete pakati pe100 ne0, uku ndiko kukurumidza kunzwisiswa kwemagrafu, futi sekuparadzirwa kwemhedzisiro yakawanikwa.
Pakati pechikamu chekusaenzana pane matanho maviri akakura anoshandiswa mumabhuku, aya mapoka ndeaya: matanho akanaka, dzinoenderana neidzo dzisingataure nezvemagariro akanaka. Kunyange paine zvakare iyo zvimiro zvetsika, iyo, kusiyana nezvakanaka, zvinoenderana nebasa rakanangana nehutano. Zvichienderana nechiratidziro chakasarudzwa, iwo maratidziro kana ma parameter ayo akaenzaniswa ekugoverwa kwemari anotsanangurwa.
Chikamu chemidziyo yeiyo Gini index kana Gini coefficient ndeiyi:
- Kazhinji chinhu chakakosha chinoshandiswa kuona nzvimbo iri pakati pemutsara wekuenzana kwakaringana uye curve yeLorenz, iyi inoonekwa seyakanaka maitiro, zvisinei, kune mamwe makesi umo tsananguro yakajeka yeiyo curve yeLorenz isingazivikanwe, Naizvozvo, dzimwe nzira anoshandiswa, senge mafomula akasiyana siyana ane huwandu hwakazara hwekuwedzera, maitiro uye mafomula anosiyana zvinoenderana nekufungisisa kwenyaya iyi.
- Kunyangwe mhedzisiro yaidiwa igirafu iyo inoratidza kusaenzana indices nenzira yakapusa uye inoshanda, haina kukurudzirwa zvakanyanya kuti kuongororwa kunoonekwa kuitwe kana zvasvika pamakona maviri eLorenz, nekuti ongororo iyi inogona kukanganisa, inokurudzirwa kuenzanisa kusaenzana iyo yega inomiririra zvakasiyana, kuverenga maGini indices anoenderana nechero curve.
- Chero curve yeLorenz kana kuti; ese maLorenz curves anopfuura nepakakombama kana mutsetse unobatanidza iwo mapoinzi pazviratidziro zvinotevera: (0, 0) uye (1, 1)
- Iyo coefficient yemusiyano tafura ine zvivakwa zvakaenzana neizvo zveiyo Gini index.
Iko Lorenz curve.
Iko Lorenz curve ndiyo graphical inomiririra inoshandiswa kumiririra kuganhurirwa kuenzanirana kwekusiyana mukati meimwe dura Kazhinji, iyo domain inoonekwa ino curve inomiririra seti yezvinhu kana masevhisi mudunhu, izvi nekushandisa iyo Lorenz curve pamwe neiyo Gini index kana Gini coefficient. Iko kunyora kweiyi curve kuri Max O Lorenz mugore 1905.
Hukama pakati peiyo Lorenz curve uye iyo Gini coefficient.
Tese pamwe neLorenz Curve tinogona kuverenga iyo Gini index, tichingoparadzanisa nzvimbo yasara pakati penzvimbo uye "equality" mutsetse, iyi nenzvimbo yakazara inosara iri pasi pegungu. Nenzira iyi tinowana coefficient kana kuti kuwedzeredza mhedzisiro ne100, isu tinowana iyo muzana.
Ose mairi Gini index uye iyo Lorenz Curve zvakagadzirwa senzira dzekuziva kusaenzana pakati pevagari venharaunda (nyika, nyika, nzvimbo, nezvimwewo), vachinzwisisa kuti huwandu hwakawanda huripo pakati pevagari, iko kuwedzera kwekukomberedza rwonzi rwakakwana, nepo rwakatarisana, kusaenzana kukuru pakati pevagari venharaunda, munyonga unowedzera kuoneka.
Chii chiri basa reiyo Gini Index?
Mukati mekudzidza kwekusaenzana, pane kupihwa nzira dzakasiyana uye dzakasiyana dzekutsanangura nzira iyo mari inogovaniswa pakati pemapoka akasiyana evanhu munharaunda kana boka revanhu munharaunda, dzimwe dzenzira idzi dzakadai se: kurongeka kwemashoko, izvo zvisina kuenzana zviratidzo uye nemadhirowa ekuparadzira.
Ichokwadi chekujekesa dhayagiramu yekuona kwekugoverwa kwemari ibasa chairo rinobatsira pakuongorora kweiyo kusaenzana, nekuti zvinotibvumidza kuti tizive maficha echimiro chekuparadzira icho nedzimwe nzira chingadai chisingaite kana zvirinani chingave basa rakaoma.
Iko kunyorera kweiyo Gini index.
Iko kune chiyero chekusaenzana kwehupfumi mune imwe nharaunda uye shanduko yenzanga iyi nekufamba kwenguva inova musoro wezvekuda kune vazhinji vezvehupfumi pamwe neruzhinji maonero mukati. Pane ongororo dzakasiyana dzinoitwa maererano nekuongororwa kwehuremu hwekusaenzana huripo munharaunda. Munguva yenhoroondo yekuongororwa kwehupfumi, zviratidzo zvakasiyana siyana zvakatove zvakarongedzwa kune inozivikanwa inozivikanwa yekusaenzana; Izvi, zvisinei, hazvina kuve nemhedzisiro ine zvibereko seiyi inozivikanwa nenyanzvi dzenyaya se "Gini Concentration Coefficient". Sezvo rondedzero iyi iri yakapusa kududzira, inogara ichishandiswa senge chirevo chekupokana nezvekushanda kwekusaenzana pamwe nezvazvinoita pahunhu hwevanhu hwekugara mudunhu.
Pakati pemabasa ekutanga kana kuti asi iro rekutanga basa iro rakakurudzira kushandiswa kwemagariro ehupfumi mabasa kuyera kusaenzana mazuva kubva pagore 1920, Yakagadzirwa na DaltonMunguva yekuferefeta uku, Dalton, yakarongedzwa kuverenga uye kucherechedza kurasikirwa kwehupenyu hwakanaka kunokonzerwa nekuenzana kugoverwa kwemari pakati pevanhu. Achishandisa chakaparadzaniswa, chakaenzana, chinowedzera, uye chinogadzirisa mashandiro ekushandisa emari, Dalton akatsanangura zvaizozozivikanwa seDalton Index.
Kufunga nezve iyo Gini index.
- Mukati merondedzero, dzimwe nzira ina dzinofungidzirwa kuburitsa madhairekisheni, zvisinei neizvo, izvo zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya nekudzokorora kuzhinji ndezve "frequency distributions" uye "Lorenz curve", yakanyanya kushandiswa, asi ichiri kushanda zvakanyanya. ndiwo "madhirowa ekuratidzira" uye "logarithmic shanduko."
- Ndeupi musiyano unoratidzwa kuyera kusaenzana? Mukati mebasa rezvekuita, pane gakava pamusoro pechinoshanduka chinganzi "chakakodzera" pakuwongorora kuwanda kwemari. Pane misiyano miviri mikuru inotonga makakatanwa munhaurwa iyi; pamunhu mari yaanowana kana the mari yose yemhuri. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti misiyano miviri iri pachokwadi, zvese zvinoenderana nekudikanwa kwekuvharwa zvine chekuita neongororo ichaitwa. Neichi chikonzero, zvakafanira kusimudza mune yekutanga chiitiko chii chiri chinangwa chekuyerwa kuyerwa? Kuti uenderere mberi kana kuenderera kusarudzo yemusiyano inoenderana nenyaya iyi.
- Funga nezve kusiyaniswa kweiyo Gini index. Mukati mekuongororwa kwekusaenzana, kuora chinhu chakakomberedza, nekuti isu tinofanirwa kuziva mabviro ekusaenzana kukuru kunokanganisa kuenzana padanho rakakosha seimba.
- Kunyangwe paine mukurumbira uye nyore nzira yekuverenga, iyo Gini index haina kutevedzera chivakwa che "yekuwedzera kuwora". Neizvi tinoreva kuti kuverenga kwakaitwa kune rimwe boka kana zvikwata hazvingagare zvichipindirana nekukosha kweikoefficient yekuraira huwandu hwevanhu nezviyero zvemari.
- Ndeapi manyuko e data ekuyera kusaenzana? Mune dzidziso, mabhuku uye akawanda zvinyorwa zvekuyera kusaenzana funga uye nekutsanangura mafomula anofungidzira kuti data remari rinoshandiswa muenzaniso wakasarudzika. Izvi zvakasiyana pabasa rekunyora, nekuti mukuita iyo data inounganidzwa kubva kuongororo dzinoitwa mudzimba, umo kuzivikanwa kwezvikamu zvekutarisa kunoitwa kuburikidza nekamwe kana kupfuura nhanho dzesarudzo uye mune yakawanda mikana dzimba dzinosarudzwa dzisina kuenzana zvichida. Izvi zvinoreva kuti coefficient iri mukuita kungofungidzira.