Muhurongwa hwehupfumi hwuriko nhasi, kune huwandu hwakawanda hwezviridzwa uye maturusi ekuita ese marudzi emabhizimusi uye mari pasi rese. Zvisinei, kusimudzira kubva kune bhizinesi diki, kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwekambani yakatosimbiswa, Izvo zvakakosha zvakanyanya kuti isu tidzidze kubata zvimwe zvezviridzwa izvi nenzira kwayo, kuti zvititendere isu kuona kushanda kwakanaka kwekambani yedu nebhizinesi.
Kune vanhu vanoziva nezvenyaya iyi, hapana anokundikana kukurudzira kuti isu titeerere zvakanyanya manejimendi echikwereti chikamu, ruzivo rwakakosha kuita chero bhizinesi rekutanga.
Chii chinonzi chikwereti?
Chikamu chechikwereti ndechimwe cheanonyanya kushandiswa mashandisirwo emari nhasi. Icho chikonzero ndechekuti ndicho chimwe chezviridzwa izvo zvinobvumidza kuwana kwakanyanya kukosha ruzivo kuyera uye kuenzanisa hutano hwemari yekambani. Chaizvoizvo, iyo chikwereti chikamu inotibvumidza kuyera hupfumi hwemari, ndiko kuti, huwandu hwakawanda hwechikwereti icho kambani yakapihwa inogona kubata. Mune imwe nzira, iro rezvemari ratio inoratidza iyo yekunze mari iyo iyo kambani inayo.
Kuve ne pfungwa yakanakisa yezvinoreva chikwereti, inofanirwa kutariswa kuti nepo chikwereti chikayerwa, sekutaura, kubva pakutsamira kwekambani kune vamwe mapato, chikamu chechikwereti chinoshandiswa kutsanangura kusvika padanho kana padanho iro kambani inotsamira pazvinhu zvakasiyana siyana zvemari, zvakadai mabhangi, mapoka ekugovana kana kunyange mamwe makambani.
Imwe nzira yekunzwisisa iyi yezvemari pfungwa iri kubva kunotevera tsananguro.
Kutanga iwe unofanirwa kufunga izvo zvinorehwa nemamwe mazano akakosha, senge: midziyo, zvikwereti, kana kuenzana.
Assets ndiyo huwandu hwakazara hwechero chinhu chekambani kana bhizimusi kudyidzana; Mune mamwe mazwi, ndiyo yakanyanya kukosha iyo iyo kambani inogona kuve nayo kuburikidza neakawanda mafaera nekodzero dzainazvo, izvo zvechokwadi zvinogona kushandurwa kuita mari kana imwe nzira yakaenzana, iyo inopa kutengeswa kwekambani. Zvikwereti, kune rumwe rutivi, zvinomiririra zvese zviwanikwa zvekunze zvinogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nezviitiko zvakasiyana, ndiko kuti, mari yavo.
Nenzira iyi, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti nepo zvikwereti zvichisanganisira midziyo yemari nekodzero, zvikwereti zvinoumbwa nezvisungo zvechikwereti, kureva zvikwereti uye kubhadhara kunofanirwa kuitwa, kungave kune zvikwereti zvakawanikwa nemasangano ekubhengi kana kutenga kwakaitwa pachikwereti. nevatengesi vakasiyana.
Muchidimbu, chikwereti chinomiririra zvese izvo kambani zvine chikwereti kune vechitatu mapato, senge mabhangi, mitero, mihoro, vanotengesa, nezvimwe. Pakupedzisira tine iyo mambure ekambani, kuti, sekureva kunoita zita rayo, zvese zviwanikwa zvemambure izvo kambani inazvo, kuisa parutivi mutengo wezvikwereti, ndiko kuti, ndiyo midziyo inobvisa kukosha kwezvikwereti zvese zvinofanirwa kubhadharwa, izvo zvinokosheswa nekambani nekubvisa zvikwereti kubva pazvinhu zvacho.. Semuenzaniso, kana kambani iine pfuma inosvika mamirioni gumi emaurosi, asi zvikwereti zvayo zvakaunganidzwa pamamirioni maviri emauro, ipapo zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti mambure ayo anokosha ari mamirioni masere euros.
Kana tangoziva dzimwe tsananguro dzakakomberedza iyo chikwereti, Gare gare, tinogona kutofunga nezvazvo kuti kazhinji, makambani mazhinji anobata mari yekunze, kureva kuti, vanoshandisa zvikwereti uye zvikwereti kana vari munguva yekukura kwakakura kana pavanobata kusiyaniswa kukuru kwemabhizinesi, semuenzaniso: kubhadhara mari yekudyara kana kubhadhara kubhadhara kune zvimwe zvazvino mari; chikonzero nei vachifanira kuvimba nezvikwereti nemasangano akasiyana emari, vanopa uye nemamwe makambani.
Nenzira iyi, chikamu chechikwereti chinogona kunzwisiswa semusiyano uripo pakati pezvekunze mari uye nekambani zviwanikwa, kuitira kuti zvizivikanwe kana chikwereti chakabvumiranwa nekambani chinogona kutsigirwa nenzira yezvinhu zvayinazvo. Kana zvikaonekwa kuti kambani haisisina nzira yekugadzirisa chimwe chikwereti, zvobva zvasarudzwa kusiya nzira yekutsigira mari kumashure, kudzivirira kunetseka nekubhadharwa mune ramangwana kunofanirwa kuitwa. Aya ndiwo marongero anoita chikwereti chingave chinhu chinobatsira kwazvo, icho kana chikashandiswa nenzira yakatarisika uye yakarangwa, chinoshanda kudzivirira njodzi dzemari dzinogona kukonzera kutsakatika kwese kwekambani kana bhizinesi.
Chiyero chechikwereti chinodudzirwa sei?
Paunenge uchishandisa izvi chiridzwa chemari, isu tinofanirwa kuyeuka kuti izvi zvinotitaurira kuti mangani maeuro ekunze ekubhadhara mari iyo kambani ine yega euro yekuenzana iwe unofanirwa kusangana nezvako zvakasiyana zvemari zvisungo. Mune mamwe mazwi, inoratidza iyo chikamu cheuwandu hwehuwandu hwezvikwereti zvekambani, zvine chekuita nezviwanikwa zvainazvo zvekubhadhara zvikwereti zvadzo.
Nenzira iyi, kana isu tine chikamu chechikwereti che0.50, izvi zvinoratidza kuti zviwanikwa zvekunze, ndokuti, mari kuburikidza nezvikwereti uye zvikwereti zvinoumba makumi mashanu muzana ezviwanikwa zvekambani. Mune mamwe mazwi, kana chikamu chechikwereti chiri 0.50, zvinoreva kuti pamakumi mashanu ema euro emari yekunze, kambani ine angangoita zana euros yeayo zviwanikwa.
Mukuita, iwo akakosha akakosha echikwereti chikamu Ivo vanovimba zvakanyanya parudzi rwekambani, iyo yezvemari ideology iyo yainogadzirisa, saizi yayo uye izere zviwanikwa zvayainofanira kusangana nayo chero mhando yekupedzisira. Nekudaro, kazhinji kazhinji chinowanzo gamuchirwa cheyero yakakwana yechikwereti iri pakati pe0.40 na0.60. Nenzira iyi, inonyanya kukurudzirwa nenyanzvi dzemari ndeyekuti zvikwereti zvemakambani zvinomiririra pakati pe40% uye 60% yezvinomiririrwa neese zviwanikwa. Panyaya iyi, zvinofungidzirwa kuti chikwereti chakakura kupfuura 0.60 zvinoreva kuti kambani ine chikwereti chakawandisa, nepo iri pazasi pe0.40 ichireva kuti kambani ine zviwanikwa zvakawandisa izvo zvisiri kushandiswa zvakakwana kuti zvikwanise kuwedzera.
Chiyero chechikwereti chinowanikwa sei?
Chiyero chechikwereti chinogona kuverengerwa kubva pamari yezvikwereti zvese zvakatenderwa, zvese munguva pfupi uye munguva refu. Paunenge uchinge uine iyi data, iyo yakakamurwa nezvizere zvikwereti, izvo zvinowanikwa nekuwedzera iyo mambure akakosha pamwe nezvazvino uye zvisiri-zvazvino zvikwereti (inozivikanwawo seyeti). Shure kwaizvozvo, mhedzisiro yacho inofanirwa kuwedzerwa nezana, kuti uwane nenzira iyi muzana yezviyero zvekwereti zvine kambani. Nzira yekuita iyi kuverenga ndeiyi inotevera:
Ipfupi uye yakareba yakareba chikwereti chikamu
Chaizvoizvo, zviripo maviri makuru chikwereti chikamu mafomura, ayo anoshandiswa zvichienderana nenguva yechikwereti icho kambani inayo. Yekutanga ndeyeyekunze mari kana yechinguva-pfupi chikwereti (RECP). Imwe yacho ndeye yemari yekunze kana chikwereti chenguva refu (RELP).
Iyo RECP inzira inoitisa kuyera zvipfupi-zvenguva zvikwereti kana zvikwereti zvazvino, iyo yakakamurwa nemutengo unokosha. Kune rimwe divi, iyo yakareba-nguva chikwereti chikamu chinowanikwa nekukamura zvikwereti kana izvozvi zvikwereti zvakawanikwa mukufamba kwenguva, nemutengo unokosha.
Kazhinji, zano rinoshandiswa nemakambani mazhinji ndere rekubhadhara mari kwekunze kwenguva refu, nekuti maitiro aya anovatendera kusangana nechikwereti munguva yakareba, nekudaro, vanowedzera mazwi avanayo kuti vawane kugadzirwa kukuru uye kuzadzikisa pasina matambudziko nezvipikirwa zvehupfumi zvakawanikwa.
Mhedziso
Sezvataona muchinyorwa chino, chikamu chechikwereti chekambani chinoenderana nechinhu chakanakisa chemari, icho, kana uchichibata nemazvo uye zvine mutsigo, Inogona kumiririra chakanakira chishandiso chehupfumi manejimendi uye zvemari solvency yekambani nekufamba kwenguva. Izvo zvinotibvumidzawo isu kuwana zviwanikwa nenzira yechikwereti uye yenguva refu zvikwereti zvemari, kubva kumasangano akasiyana siyana emari, kukurumidza kukura iwo mabhizinesi ane mukana wakakwana, uye kugara tiine rugare rwepfungwa kuti kubhadhara uye zvikwereti zvezvikwereti zvataurwa zvinogona yakafukidzwa. pasina dambudziko, nekuti ndizvo chaizvo zvatiri kuti tiratidze huwandu hwechikwereti chine kambani yedu kana bhizinesi.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, iri nzira yekudzora zvikwereti, zvikwereti uye zvikwereti, se zviwanikwa zvinogona kugadziriswa mune imwe nguva, izvo zvinotibvumidza isu kuvandudza bhizinesi pasina chipingamupinyi chekushaikwa kwemari, uye kuva nechokwadi chekuti zvese zvisungo zvehupfumi zvakawanikwa zvinogona kuvharwa, pasina zvipingaidzo zvinogona kukanganisa kugadzikana kana mari hutano hwekambani.