Kumwe kwekutya kune chikamu chevashambadziri vadiki nepakati pari zvino ndechekuti chikwereti cheveruzhinji chakanyanya uye chinogona kuyera shanduko yemisika yemari maererano nematanho epamusoro enyika. Iyi ndeimwe yenyaya idzo mumwedzi yadarika yakatungamira kune iyo kutenga nekutengesa masheya nevatengesi. Neichi chikonzero, zviri kuwedzera zvakajairika kutora ruzivo pane chaiyo mamiriro echikwereti cheveruzhinji munyika medu. Kwete zvisina maturo, neimwe nzira ichave inokonzeresa kushanduka kwemisika yemasheya.
Chekutanga pane zvese, inofanirwa kutsanangudzwa kuti chikwereti cheveruzhinji kana zvakangojeka chikwereti chakasungirwa chakaumbwa pamusoro pezvose mune seti yezvikwereti izvo nyika inochengetedza kune vanhu kana dzimwe nyika. Ndokunge, iwo iwo mari yemari iyo yavanokweretesa kune vechitatu mapato uye izvo zvinogona kana zvisingaite izvo hupfumi hwenyika kana nzvimbo yehupfumi. Hazvishamise kuti hazvigone kukanganwika kuti nzira yekuwana zviwanikwa zvemari inogadzirwa nehurumende kana chero simba pachena inowanzo kuvezwa kuburikidza nekuburitswa kwemasevha kana zvisungo.
Mupfungwa iyi, zvine chekuita neSpain, Zvita wapera wa2018 chikwereti cheruzhinji chakakura nema 8.248 mamirioni euros zvichienzaniswa naGumiguru, zvekuti chakabva pamamiriyoni 1.160.976 kusvika pamamiriyoni 1.169.224. Nekudaro, chikwereti cheveruzhinji panguva ino yakaongororwa yaive 96,96% yeGDP uye pamunhu chikwereti, icho chakadzikira mwedzi uno, chaive makumi maviri nemakumi masere nemaviri euros. Kana tikazvienzanisa neiyo yaNovember 24.882, tinoona kuti mugore rekupedzisira, chikwereti chakura mutoni kusvika ku2017 euros pamugari.
Chikwereti cheveruzhinji muSpain
Kune rimwe divi, chikwereti cheveruzhinji munyika medu yakakura mukota yechitatu ye2018 pamamiriyoni e11.736 emamirioni uye yakamira pa1.175.704, 98,3 mamirioni euros. Iyi nhamba inoreva kuti chikwereti chakasvika 2018% yeGross Domestic Product (GDP) kuSpain, nepo mukota yapfuura, chikamu chechipiri cha98,1, yaive 2018%. Naizvozvo, kana tichienzanisa chikwereti kuSpain mukota yechitatu ya2017 neiyo imwecheteyo yegore ra42.327, tinoona kuti chikwereti chegore chakawedzera nemamirioni makumi mana nemakumi mana nemaviri emamiriyoni.
Zvese izvi zvakakosha zvinoongororwa zvakadzama nevashambadziri kuti vaone kana iri nguva yakakodzera kwazvo yekupinda mumisika yemari yenyika. Zviri paramende yakavimbika kwazvo izvo zvinogona kukubatsira iwe kuita sarudzo yakanakisa mune chero eanosangana mamiriro muhupfumi hweSpain. Kusvikira padanho ratinovimba naro kuti riumbe nzira inotsanangurwa-yakanaka yekudyara mukubudirira kutengeserana mumisika yemari.
Nzira yekududzira sei idzi data?
Zvinonakidza kwazvo kuongorora iyi paramende yehupfumi kuti utore zano rekuvandudza upfumi. Mupfungwa iyi, zvichabatsira zvikuru kutarisa izwi rairi kuenda inotungamirwa kudyara uye guta guru rinogona kudyarwa gore rino. Nechikonzero ichi, zvinokurudzirwa kuti muzvinabhizimusi mudiki apfuure neimwe nhungamiro yakapusa uye inobatsira kuitira kuti kudyara kwavo kukure nenzira inogutsa kune zvavanofarira.
Kwenguva pfupi, fungidziro dzakatemwa dzinofanirwa kusarudzwa uye idzo dzine mwero wakanyanya wekuchinja. Ndokunge, ngavadaro yakanyanyisa kugadzikana pakati pemutengo wepamusoro uye wepasi wechikamu. Iri zano harikurudzirwi kwegore rekusava nechokwadi senge iro rinogona kuitika mugore rino remari uye iro rinotarisirwa kuti rimwe gore rinonyanya kunakira zvido zvemisika yemari ichasvika.
Nguva refu yekugara
Kune iyo yepakati kana yakareba, makambani ane yakanaka manejimendi ratios anofanirwa kusarudzwa, uye izvo kazhinji zvavo stock stock oscillation haina kunyanya kukwirira. Ivo zvakare vane iro rekuwedzera mukana wekuti ivo vanopa mugove iye nekubhadharwa kwezvikamu zvegore. Inenge iri sarudzo yakanakisa yekutaurirana neyakaenzana gore rino, nekuda kweiyo njodzi-yekudzoka reshiyo. Iine avhareji purofiti panguva ino neSpanish stock market iri padyo ne5%. Uye zvakare, ndiyo chaiyo nzira yekutanga yekuumba portfolio yemari yakatarwa mukati meiyo kusiana. Ehe, zvisinei nekuti masheya akanyorwa sei pamisika yemari.
Kazhinji patinotaura nezvechikwereti tinoreva veruzhinji. Muchikamu chechitatu chegore kuSpain, chikwereti cheSpain chakamira pa 1,17 trillion euros, 98,30% yeGDP. Pane icho chikwereti, mamirioni 961.998 akaenzana neHurumende uye mamwe ese kune mamwe manejimendi. Kune rimwe divi, makambani anopindawo muzvikwereti kunze kwemiganhu yedu. Pachikwereti chambotaurwa cheSpain State, 44,76% yaive mumaoko evatorwa, mamirioni 430.573. Asi ichi chikwereti chekunze handicho choga, makambani anokweretawo kubva kunze kwenyika.
Sekureva kweBhangi reSpain, kana isu tichifunga nezve iyo chikwereti chose chekunze izvi zvinosvika ku 2,004 trillion euros, 167% yeGDP. Asi sezvo makambani eSpain achidyara kunze kwenyika, mambure akasara echikwereti ichi (izvo zvatinokwereta zvishoma pane izvo zvavanotikwereta) zvinosvika mazana emamiriyoni mazana masere ezviuru zvemadhora, 965.000% yeGDP.
Ita mashandiro anobatsira
Panguva iyo mari inowanikwa inotanga kuoneka pane mari yakaitwa, zvakajairika kuti masaver vafunge kana iri nguva chaiyo yekutengesa kana zvinopesana zviri nani kumirira kuti mabhenefiti awedzere kukura. Nechikonzero ichi, zvakafanirwa kuti vagadzire marongero umo zvinangwa zvemusimari zvakatemerwa. Ivo vanozonongedzerwa zvichibva paprofile yavo, iwo akatarwa nguva dzakatarwa uye iyo mari yakapihwa, inova iyo inosarudza pakupedzisira kana muzvinashawo mudiki nepakati akasarudza pane imwe kana imwe nzira yemusika wemari.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekukwira kumusoro, chinhu chinonzwisisika kubata mari kusvikira wawana mitengo iri nani muchikamu chayo. Kana pane zvinopesana, kusvikira zviratidzo zvaonekwa zvichiratidza kupera kweichi chiitiko. Kunyangwe ichifanira kucherechedzwa kuti pane njodzi ye kuwira mumamiriro ezvinhu anoshamisa izvo zvinogona kuita kuti kukosha kuwire zvakanyanya nemhedzisiro yekurasikirwa mune yako mari chirevo. Izvo zvinodikanwa kujekesa kwazvo nezve zvinangwa zvinoteedzerwa mune yega yehupfumi hwakaitwa kubva zvino zvichienda mberi.
Ongorora njodzi dzekuvhiya
Kune rimwe divi, zvinokurudzirwa zvikuru kusarudza fomura inosanganisa iyo equation pakati pekuchengetedza nenjodzi senzira yekuchengetedza huwandu hwapihwa. Kunyanya mune iyo bearish nguva uko kuri nyore kupfuura iyo diki capital inowana yakawanikwa ikava kurasikirwa mushure memasangano mashoma ekutengesa. Ndokureva, nekudzoka kune dzvuku nhamba kune iye investor, nedambudziko zvino rekuti kutengesa nehurema here kana kuenda zvakadzika mukati mawo. Iyo ndeimwe yemamiriro akaomesesa mutengesi wekutengesa anogona kupfuura. Kunze kwekumwe kufunga kwehunyanzvi uye kunyangwe kubva pakuona kwezvakakosha.
Izvo zviri pane zvinopesana, zvakare kuburitswa kwemashoko akanaka pachikwereti cheveruzhinji chenyika kunogona kushanda kutora chinzvimbo mumisika yequity nenzira ine hukasha zvakanyanya kupfuura zvakajairwa. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti inogona kuve chiratidzo chakanakisa chepakati nepakati refu mumusika wemasheya. Nekuti inoratidza pamusoro pezvose kugadzikana kwehupfumi yenyika kana nzvimbo yehupfumi. Kune rimwe divi, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti idhata iro rinopa vatengesi kuvimba kwakanyanya kukudziridza hupfumi hwavo netarisiro yakasarudzika.
Chenjerera kudzoka
Chero zvazviri, iwe uchagara uchifanirwa kunyatsoteerera kune marambidziro anogona kukura. Nekuti pakupera kwezuva vanogona kuve a bearish musungo izvo zvinogona kukubhadharira zvakanyanya kubva panguva chaidzo idzi.
Iko hakuna kuvimba uye maoko akasimba yemisika yemari haina kuda kuisa mari zvakare. Iyo inzvimbo yakanaka yekuti rebound iitwe. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kutsvaga zvikonzero zvetariro kwakaoma uye zvinonetsa kuti mari iende ku parquet misika yemasheya. Vashandi vanoshaya simba, kutengesa kunoramba kuripo, uye kunzwa kwekusununguka kudonha kunotonga. Iyo yakawedzeredzwa ine yakakwira kwazvo muzana, mune dzimwe nguva kunze kweyakajairika.
Ndipo parinoshamisika, kufamba kwechinguvana kumusoro kunotanga kunobata neshanduko dzakawandisa vasinga pukuse vasina chivimbo ne equities nekuti vanotenda kuti mitengo yemasecurity ichawira zvakanyanya muzvirongwa zvinotevera. Zvakaitika mukushanduka kwemisika yemasheya inoratidza kuti iwo kukwira hakuna muganho kana kudonha kusingaperi.
Ivo vanozotarisirwa zvinoenderana neprofile yavo, iwo akatarwa nguva dzakatarwa uye iyo mari yakapihwa, inova ndiyo inosarudza pakupedzisira kana muzvinashawo mudiki nepakati akasarudza pane imwe kana imwe nzira yekutsinhana kwemasheya, izvi imhaka yekuti inogona kuve chiratidzo chakanakisa cheiyo yepakati nepakati yakareba mumusika wemasheya-