Muchikamu chenhoroondo chinozivikanwa seMiddle Ages, vatenzi vebato vaiwanzo haya vanhu kuti vashande mumashopu avo. Izvi zvinozivikanwa mumutauro wechiFrench saJorurée, zvinobva pazwi reFrench iro mazwi azvino anotorwa: vashandi vezuva nehusiku, izvo zvinogona kutaurwa nenzira yakapusa kuti ndivo vanhu avo vanoshandira mubhadharo wezuva.
Chii chinonzi mubairo?
Izwi rekuti wage Inogona kunzwisiswa semubhadharo unogashirwa nemushandi mukutsinhana kwezuva rezviitiko kana basa; kana zvisina kudaro inogona zvakare kududzirwa sebasa rinoitwa neanoshanda kwezuva rega rega.
Naizvozvo, tinogona kutaura izvozvo mubairo ndeimwe yemafomu aripo emubhadharo webasa yemunhu wakabhadharwa, zvisinei, izwi iri rakatamisirwa nemimwe mitauro yekushandisa zvakanyanya senge: muhoro, muhoro, muripo, wakabhadharwa mvumo, stipend, kana fizi, pakati pevamwe.
El mubhadharo unowedzera zvakanyanya kusagadzikana kunoratidzwa nemubhadharo, Sezvo ichinyima mushandi chero chinomutsidzira chinoita kuti aedze kuvandudza basa rake, zvinodawo kungwarira, izvo zvinofanirwa kunge zvichiramba zvichienderera, saka zvinodhura uye zvinotouya kuzopa mashoma mhedzisiro, uyezve zvinoita Kana vashandi vari kushanda nenzira yakajairika, ndiko kuti, akati wandei vane mabasa akafanana, iko kuedza kuchadzorwa neizvo zvevashandi vasina kushingairira pabasa ravo, izvi zvinoreva husimbe, hunhu hwakaipa, hunhu husina kunaka, mune zvimwe zvinhu; Izvi zvinodaro nekuti mubhadharo webasa rakaitwa uchave wakaenzana kune wese munhu, saka hapana kurudziro yekuita basa nenzira iri nani, asi zvichibva pane zvishoma zvinodikanwa ndezvekuti mabasa akapiwa vashandi achaitwa. Izvo nekuda kweizvi izvo zvinonzi chidimbu (inova mamiriro aripo ekuhaya ayo mushandi anobhadharisa zvichibva nepfungwa yebasa rinoitwa, kwete zvichibva panguva yakashandiswa), Icho chinotsiva icho chine mukana wakawanda kuzuva muzviitiko zvakawanda.
Iye zvino ngatienderere mberi kutsanangura mushandi wezuva, rimwe izwi rinogona kushandiswa sezwi rakafanana nderekuti pawnNdiye munhu akamboshandirwa uyo anoshandira mukutsinhana nemubhadharo kana zvakafanana, mubhadharo wenguva yebasa rezuva; zvakare inowanzo shandiswa zvakanyanya sezwi rinoshandiswa kune vashandi vekurima vasina minda.
Zvino, nekuwedzera izvo zvinorehwa neshoko iri mushandi, Iyo inogona zvakare kunyorera kune vashandi vari munharaunda yekurima vasina muridzi wevhu, ndiko kuti, ivo havashande chinhu chiri chavo. Zvinomirirwa nemufananidzo uyu wevashandi wezuva unosanganisirwa zvakanyanya nenzvimbo hombe dziri kumaodzanyemba kweSpain, uye kunyanya mune dzeAndalusia. Mune mamwe matunhu eAndalusia, vashandi vezuva vaibhadharwa panguva yekudyara kana mwaka wegañanía vanonzi magañanes.
Mubairo uye iwo mashoma ekudyidzana muhoro
Munharaunda yeSpain, iyo yekudyidzana mashoma mubairo (SMI) Ndiwo mubairo mudiki nerutsigiro rwepamutemo urwo mushandi anogona kutora, zvisinei nehunyanzvi hwekuzvipira kwemunhu. Iyi SMI inogona kuratidzwa nenzira dzakasiyana, zvese zvichibva pamari dzemari; kungave pazuva, pamwedzi kana pagore rebasa. Iyi SMI inoburitswa gore rega rega muBOE.
Kuti usimbise iwo mubairo mudiki unoenderana negore rega rega, Iyo Consumer Mutengo Index (CPI) inofanirwa kutariswa pamwe chete, pamwe neizvo zvinoenderana neavhareji yenyika kugadzirwa, pamwe nekuwedzera kwekutora chikamu kwevashandi zvine chekuita nemari yenyika uye inofanirawo kufungwa nezvayo kune hupfumi mamiriro akaongororwa nenzira yakajairika. Iyi shoma mubairo inogona kushandurwa semi-gore mune zviitiko apo pane misiyano pabhajeti yakapihwa kumutengi wemutengo index (CPI).
Izvi zvinotevera mienzaniso yehunhu mibairo mumakore apfuura. Yegore 2013 rakagadzwa neRoyal Decree 1717/2012, riine musi waDecember 28 pa21,51 euros zuva rega rega uye 645,30 euros pamwedzi wega wega, mukuwedzera kusanganisira maviri asina kujairika kubhadhara. Kana izvi zvikwereti zvikakamurwa kuita gumi nembiri kubhadhara, imwe neimwe inoenderana nemwedzi mumwe chete wegore, pasina zvinowedzerwa, iyo yakazoguma yakaderera pamwedzi mubhadharo unosvika kukosha kwe2 euros. Mari iyi yakaverengwa inoreva mubhadharo wakakomba, unoenderana neuyo unonzi wenguva yakazara basa (iro, muSpain, mune ruzhinji rwezviitwa zvebasa zvinoreva maawa makumi mana ekushanda pasvondo, kana izvi zvakakamurwa kuitira kusiya chirongwa umo mazuva ese ekushanda evhiki ane huwandu hwakaenzana hwemaawa akapihwa, anoenderana nemaawa masere pazuva). Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kana paine chero chikonzero chakaitwa zuva rakapfupika, mubhadharo kana chikamu chakaringana chinoenderana nenguva yakashanda chichagamuchirwa.
Maererano ne mushandi wevashandi chikamu, pamwe nezvibvumirano zvebhizinesi zvinoitwa, huwandu hwacho hunogona kuwedzerwa kana kuti hungaderedzwawo mumamiriro ezvinhu apo mushandi ari mune mamwe mamiriro ekudzidzira. Hukama hwevashandi uyezve ruzivo rwunoratidzwa muiyo Workers 'Statute
Muna Zvita 2011 chimwe chinhu chisina kujairika chakaitika, Hurumende yaMariano Rajoy yakaomesa Minimum Wage, izvi zvakakosha kujekesa nekuti kekutanga kubva pakaunzwa mubairo mudiki izvi zvakaitika. Na2012, iyo Popular Party bato yakaita zvimwe chete, ichinyepa zvakare chando mashoma mubairo. Muna 2014 mamiriro mamwe chete aya akaonekwazve, achisiya iwo mubairo mudiki wakaomeswa nechando pa645,30 euros pamwedzi. Sezvambotaurwa, nechisungo, kondirakiti inofanirwa kunge iine maviri ekuwedzera kubhadhara, zviri nenzira iyi kuti, kana uchiwedzera kugoverwa kwemabhadharo anoenderana nechikamu chimwe pamwedzi, mambure eSpanish mashoma mubairo, kureva kuti, mushure memitero, kuve kwakatenderedza € 2 pamwedzi.
Iye zvino ngatitaurei zvavanosanganisira mibairo inoenderana neye accounting. Mukati mekupatsanurwa kwemubhadharo wakasarudzika, pane mhando ina dzemubhadharo: yekutanga mubhadharo wekutengesa, wechipiri unoenderana nemari yemarisiti mubairo, wechitatu mhando yemubhadharo inoreva mubhadharo wekutenga, uye wekupedzisira mubhadharo wemubhadharo. yakakosha mubhadharo wezuva nezuva wemari. Iwo makambani anoshandisa imwe kana yakawanda yeiyi mibairo anoburitsa zviitiko. Mune zviitiko izvo apo mubairo hausi wemhando ipi neipi dzemana dzemubairo wakakosha, lIzvo zvekutengesa zvichaburitswa mune yakajairwa jenareta, nekuti iri ruzhinji runyorwa runogona kuchinjiswa kune chero chero rudzi rwechiitiko. Kupatsanurana kuriko nekuti yakasarudzika nzira inogadziriswa yemhando dzakasiyana dzezviyero zvirimo.
Pane imwe neimwe yenguva iyo kambani inobhadhara mari, kuichengeta, rekodhi yechiitiko ichi inoburitswa mumagazini inoenderana nemari inobhadharwa. Muizvi mubairo unosanganisirwa mumabhadharo ese anoitwa kuburikidza nekushandisa macheki, mari inobhadharwa uye mhando dzakasiyana dzekubhadharwa kwemagetsi umo mari inopfuura nekukurumidza kune mushandi. Mukuverenga, pese paunobhadhara mumari unokosheswa neakaundi keshi. Chikonzero zvinoita izvi ndezvekuti "mari" iakafa account, uye ese maakaunzi easset ane zvakajairwa dhititi. Bhalansi iyi inomiririra mari inove nekambani nekukasika, izvi zvinoreva kuti zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita semabhadharo asara kana maakaundi anobhadharwa haana kuiswa munhamba idzi.
Kuti iyo kudzora mibairo kunoitwa nenzira iri nani, zvese zviitiko zvinoitwa mukati memwedzi zvinonyorwa, ipapo makoramu emubairo anowedzerwa. Mushure mekuita izvo zvataurwa pamusoro, huwandu hwezvikwereti zvekambani uye zvikwereti zvinofanirwa kunge zvakaenzana kune mumwe nemumwe Kana izvi zvikasaitika, humbowo kuti kukanganisa kana kukanganisa kwakaitika panguva yekuita. Gare gare, kana totari dzese dzave kukwana uye dzimwe dzichiongororwa, yega yega inoenderana nekoramu inopinda mune yakajairwa ledger, iri rekodhi inochengetwa yemaakaunzi ese uye zviyero zvine kambani. Matanho ese anoitwa kuitira kuti kambani igone kuve yakanyatsoronga maakaundi ezvainazvo, zvine chekuita nekubhadharwa kwemubhadharo.
Mafomu ekubhadhara ayo makambani anogona kusarudza
Makambani anogona kusarudza kudonongodza vashandi vavo nenzira dzakasiyana. Uye zvakare, vamwe vacho vane yavo mutero mabhenefiti kune vese mushandi nekambani. Inofanirwa kutariswa kuti nyika yega yega inogona kubhadhara nenzira dzakasiyana, uye kunyange hazvo mubairo wepasi wakambokurukurwa muSpain, kune nyika dzisina mubhadharo uyu. Sezvo nyika yega yega ichitongwa zvakazvimiririra, mhando dzakasiyana dzebhizinesi dzinomuka, pamwe nekodzero dzakasiyana kune vashandi vayo. Kunze kwemabasa anogona kupihwa nemushandi kukambani yaanoshandira, kambani yega yega zvichienderana nechikamu, maitiro ainoita basa rayo, uye nyika kwairi, inogona kubhadhara mibairo yavo zvakasiyana.
Kuti tiite izvi, tichaona dzimwe dzenzira dzakasiyana dzinogona kubhadharwa mari iyi.
Kupa zvikamu zvekambani pachayo
Itsika zvakajairika muAnglo-Saxon nyika, asi kuSpain ichiri chimwe chinhu chidiki kwazvo. Iyi nzira yemubhadharo inoteedzera zvinangwa zvakasiyana. Kune rimwe divi, kana migove ikapihwa mahara kana nemutengo wakaderera pane iwo musika, mushandi anogona kurega kubhadhara mutero chero bedzi kukosha kwese kusingazopfuuri kudarika € 12.000 pagore.
Imwe mukana weiyi nzira yekubhadhara vashandi ndeyekuenzanisa zvido zvavo neavo vekambani. Pfungwa iyi iri muchokwadi chekuti iko kushanda kuri nani kambani, ndipo panotonyanya kugoverwa zvikamu, nekuti varidzi ndivo vatambi vekambani vari kuita zvakanaka.
Kubhadhara matikiti eresitorendi
Iyi nzira yekubhadhara yatove yakapararira muSpain yese. Ivo rudzi rwekubhadhara kadhi kana makuponi ayo anogona kushandiswa muzvitoro zvevaenzi nemaresitorendi anozvigamuchira (kazhinji kazhinji atove akawanda).
Kune mushandi, yekutanga € 11 pazuva izvo zvinogamuchirwa, pamazuva ebhizinesi, Ivo vanoregererwa pamutero wemunhu wega wekutambira. Kubatsira kwekambani ndeyekuti haina kubvisirwa kubhadhara mutero wekambani.
Nekambani zvirongwa zvepenjeni
Iyi mipiro inoitwa nemakambani kuzvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza vanhu, uye chimwe chazvo zvirongwa zvepenjeni. Ivo vanonakidzwa nekaviri mutero mukana. Kune makambani, mipiro iyi inobviswa pamutero wekambani. Kana vari vashandi inogona kubvisirwa mutero Mipiro yese kumapurani epenjeni inosvika pamakumi masere eEurus nemuganhu we8.000% yemari yako.
Kutakura
Iyo inzira iyo iyo kambani inogona kubhadhara kutama kwevashandi vayo uye ivo vanobatsirwa nekusafanira kuibhadhara. Mushandi haafanire kubhadhara mutero kwavari kusvika pamwero unosvika € 1.500 pagore uye € 136'36 pamwedzi.
Tinogona zvakare kuisa pano kuti kambani inopa mota yekambani, mune izvi zvingangove isingabhadharwe kubhadhara makumi maviri muzana ezvekukosha kwemotokari nyowani.
Inishuwarenzi yehutano
Iyi tsika yakajairika pakati pemakambani makuru. Vashandi vese uye vanozvishandira yekutanga € 500 pagore inogona kuderedzwa kana ukatora inishuwarenzi yehutano. Sechakanakira, inishuwarenzi yemutero yevagari vevashandi kana inishuwarenzi yenjodzi yebasa haibhadhariswe mutero.
Kuchengeta masikati
Imwe yesarudzo dzaunofarira kune avo vane vana. Macheki anotarisa anoshandiswa kubhadhara mari yevana vari pakati pemakore matatu ne0 ekuberekwa vanoenda kunzvimbo dzinochengeterwa vana uye nzvimbo dzevana. Sezvo nematikiti eresitorendi, izvi ndizvo kuregererwa kubhadhara mutero wemari uye sekubatsira hakuna pamwedzi kana pagore muganhu wemacheki aya.
Makosi uye kudzidziswa
La zvakapetwa kaviri Kuti kubhadharwa kwemakosi uye kurovedzwa kune kune mushandi uye kwekambani kuri mukuda kweumwe neumwe. Kune rimwe divi, zvichave zvemahara kuti mushandi agamuchire rovedzo iyi zvakare iri mundima yaanoshandira. Kune rimwe divi, kuti kambani ikwanise kuve nevashandi vakarovedzwa zviri nani munzvimbo dzawo.