Chii chinonzi IMF

FMI

IMF mufananidzo sosi: RT nhau

Chokwadi icho Wakambonzwa nezve IMF here, ingave paterevhizheni, mumapepanhau, paredhiyo ... Muviri wakakosha, asi chii chinonzi IMF?

Pazasi isu tichakuudza kuti ndeupi rudzi rwechinhu aya maacronyms anowirirana, basa rayo chii uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinojekesa zvakanyanya zvarinoita.

Chii chinonzi IMF

Chii chinonzi IMF

Kwakabva: Ministry of Economy, Planning and Development

Chekutanga unofanira kuziva izvozvo Acronym IMF inoreva International Monetary Fund. Iri isangano rinotariswa seaxis yeinternational monetary system. Nemamwe mashoko, tiri kutaura nezvesangano rakagadzirwa pasi peUnited Nations raitsvaga kudzikamisa nyika dzose mune zvemari.

Is inoumbwa nenyika dze184 dzine basa rekushandira kusimudzira kudyidzana kwemari pasi rose, kureva kuti nyika dzose dzinodyidzana kuitira kuti pave nekuenzanisa pakati pemari. Asi ibasa zvakare rekuona kugadzikana kwemari, kutengeserana nedzimwe nyika, kusimudzira mabasa pamwe nekusimudzira hupfumi.

Kuti zvose izvi zvibudirire, nyika pachadzo ndidzo dzinofanirwa kutevedzera gwara rakatarwa neIMF. Uye vanozviita sei? Kuburikidza nekuvandudzwa mukati memutemo wezvehupfumi.

Pakagadzirwa IMF

IMF, kana kuti International Monetary Fund Yakagadzirwa pakati pemakore ekuma40, kunyanya muna 1944, apo musangano weUnited Nations wakaitwa muUnited States. (naJohn Maynard Keynes naHarry Dexter White). Musangano unozivikanwa weBretton Woods zvibvumirano (kunova ndiko kwawakaitirwa), wakaronga chibvumirano chepasi rose umo nyika dzinopfuura makumi mana dzakaungana ipapo dzakasarudza kusaina, sezvo chaive rubatsiro kushandira pamwe mune zveupfumi pamwero wepasi rose nechinangwa. yekuderedza Migumisiro yeKuderera Kukuru.

Nekudaro, isu hatigone kutaura zviri pamutemo kuti IMF yakasikwa kusvika Zvita 1945, payakagadzwa zviri pamutemo, mune iyi nyaya ine makumi maviri nepfumbamwe nyika dzakasaina, idzo nguva pfupi yapfuura gumi neshanu dzakabatana, dzichiita huwandu hwenhengo makumi mana neina.

Saka, kuvepo kwemuviri uyu kwakazvarwa nekuti yaive yakarongedzerwa kuve sangano raizotonga pasi rose mari system, kwete chete kubhadhara kune dzimwe nyika, asiwo yekuchinjana kwemari yenyika. Nenzira iyi, vaive nechishandiso chekudzivisa matambudziko, sezvo vakayambira - nekuraira - nyika kuti dzitore matanho akasimba ehupfumi kudzivirira matambudziko kana matambudziko makuru.

Parizvino, uye kubvira 1948, IMF ine mwero wakafanana wekuzivikanwa semamwe masangano, akadai seWHO, UNESCO, FAO ...

IMF neWorld Bank zvakasiyana sei

Ziva kuti IMF neWorld Bank dzine mabviro akafanana. Vose vari vaviri vakaberekerwa kunze kweBretton Woods Conference muna 1944. Zvisinei, vanobata nemisoro yakasiyana.

Nguva World Bank ine chinangwa chekushanda nenyika dzichiri kusimukira uye kuedza kuderedza urombo Mavari, kuwedzera kubudirira, izvo zvinoitwa neIMF kudzikamisa hurongwa hwemari hwenyika.

Mune mamwe mazwi, World Bank ndiyo inoona nezvekupa mari, mazano uye rubatsiro rwehunyanzvi; Asi IMF ndiyo inoita zvikwereti uye inoongorora hupfumi.

Ndiani anoumba International Monetary Fund

Sezvatakambotaura, IMF inoumbwa nenyika zana nemakumi masere neina, uye imwe neimwe ine mumiriri. Muchokwadi, vane:

  • Dare reMagavhuna. Panomirirwa nyika dziri nhengo. Izvi zvinosangana kamwe chete pagore zvichigadza gavhuna anovamiririra, pamwe chete nemumwe gavhuna (kana wekutanga akatadza kuita basa). Anopomerwa kwete chete nenyaya dzakakosha dzehupfumi, asiwo nekupa nyaya idzodzo kuBhodi reVatungamiriri veVatungamiriri.
  • The Executive Board. Imo mune 24 executive directors. Inotungamirwa naManaging Director weIMF uye vanosangana katatu pasvondo, mumisangano yemangwanani nemasikati, kunyangwe misangano inogona kuitwa kakawanda. Pakati penhengo idzi, America, Germany, France, Japan, China, United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia neRussia dzine zvigaro zvadzo, ukuwo gumi nenhanhatu dzasara dzichisarudzwa kwemakore maviri.

Iyo IMF inopihwa mari

Iyo IMF inopihwa mari

Kunyange zvazvo tiri kutaura nezvesangano rezvemari rinotarisira kugadzikana kwemari yepasi rose, chokwadi ndechokuti, kuitira kuti iite basa rayo, inofanira kuva nemari yemari. Asi anodzitora kupi?

El International Monetary Fund ine zviwanikwa zvayo, inova miripo iyo nhengo imwe neimwe inofanirwa kubhadhara kuti ive yesangano iri. Chikamu hachisi chinhu chakagadziriswa asi chinoverengerwa pahwaro hwenyika imwe neimwe uye icho chinobva pakukura kwehupfumi hwayo (GDP inoongororwa uye inoongororwa makore mashanu ese). Saka, nyika ine kukura kwakanyanya ichabhadhara kupfuura iyo ine zvishoma.

Zvisinei, tsime iri haisiriyo yega inoshandiswa kupa mari kuIMF. Pane dzimwe sarudzo dzakadai se:

  • Kutora chikwereti, ndiko kuti, kukwanisa kuita rudzi rwe "bhangi" kuwana purofiti yekukweretesa mari.
  • Zvibvumirano zvechikwereti. Kunyanya, tiri kutaura pamusoro pemhando mbiri:
    • General Zvibvumirano kuti uwane zvikwereti (kufambidzana kubva 1962).
    • Zvibvumirano zvitsva zvechikwereti (kudzokororwa kwezvakapfuura izvo zvakavambwa muna 1997).

Iyo International Monetary Fund inobatsira sei nyika

Iyo International Monetary Fund inobatsira sei nyika

Mumwe wemibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nevakawanda ndeyekuti IMF inobatsira sei nyika. Uye ndezvekuti pakati pemabasa atakambotaura kwauri, rimwe rawo nderekupawo mari kunyika.

Nemamwe mashoko, tinotaura nezvazvo IMF pachayo inokwanisa kupa rubatsiro uye zvikwereti kunyika kana dzisingakwanisi nechikwereti chadzo. Uye anozviita sei? Kuburikidza nekukupa iwe kugona kupesvedzera marongero ehupfumi. Kureva kuti vanokweretesa mari chero bedzi nhevedzano yezvinangwa, zvinodiwa nekuchinja kwegwaro rehupfumi hwenyika zvichiitwa, asi kwete kuti zvibatsire sangano, asi kuedza kuchenesa, neimwe nzira, hupfumi hwenyika, kuti hubudirire. usatsamira pazvikwereti zvevamwe.

Sezvauri kuona, kuziva kuti IMF chii chiri nyore, uye neimwe nzira inova sangano rakakosha kwazvo rekugadzikana kwehupfumi hwenyika dzese dzepasirese (kana dzinenge dzese, sezvo 184 chete ye193 iripo mune zvese yaizobatanidzwa. () nyika).

Zvave kujeka kwauri kuti chii, mashandiro, mari uye zvakakosha zveInternational Monetary Fund?


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  1. Inotarisira iyo data: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Chinangwa cheiyo data: Kudzora SPAM, manejimendi manejimendi.
  3. Legitimation: Kubvuma kwako
  4. Kutaurirana kwedata
  5. Dhata yekuchengetedza: Dhatabhesi inobatwa neOccentus Networks (EU)
  6. Kodzero: Panguva ipi neipi iwe unogona kudzora, kupora uye kudzima ruzivo rwako