Patinonzwa kuti a iyo kambani yaita kana iri kutsvaga kuwedzera mari, Isu tinofungidzira kambani iri paIBEX 35, kana kambani ichangotanga basa rayo paStock Market, mune chero nyika. Hapana chimwe chinopfuura icho. Asi hazvina kudaro. Kunzwisisa zvazvinoreva, sei uye nei kuwedzera kwemari kuchiitwa, tinofanira kutanga tanzwisisa zvakanaka kuti zvinorevei kuti zvinowedzera.
Kana tichitaura nezvekuwedzera kwemari, tinotaura nezvazvo iyo yakazara share capital yekambani ichawedzera, iyo isingafanire kunge iri kambani hombe kuti ive nayo, muchokwadi, ese makambani uye mashoma emakambani emakambani ane mashoma share share.
Chii chinonzi social capital?
Kambani ine seti yezvinhu izvo zvinopa kukosha kwayo. Zvemagariro hupfumi anga ari iye seti yezvinhu nemari inochengetwa nekambani, inowanzoimiririrwa muzvikamu, zvinonyoreswa mazita emidziyo
El yemagariro capital inoratidza kukosha kwehupfumi yekambani kutanga kwayo. Kuve, kuSpain, kwe yakatemwa uye yega proprietorship ye € 3005.60, yeiyo veruzhinji mashoma makambani ari € 60.101.20 rakakamurwa muzvikamu zvega.
Makambani mazhinji anosangana nezvidiki zvakataurwa kuti atange bhizinesi ravo, uye havafambise, asi iyo Chekutanga kukosha kunogona kuchinjwa kumusoro kana pasi. Gare gare tichaona kuti zvinoitwa sei uye nei.
Nekudaro, wega wega anobata masheya kana mazita anonzi mugovani kana mudiwa, anomiririra chivakwa chekambani. Naizvozvo, Zvezvinangwa zve accounting, iyo capital stock chikwereti nekuremekedza kune vamwe.
Ivo vanobatirana kana vagovani vanogona kuve vemhando dzakasiyana:
- Ivo vese vanobatana, vanotora chikamu mukuita zvisarudzo zvekambani uye vanoisa njodzi yavo muhomwe kana kurasikirwa nekambani
- Ivo vavanoda kufambidzana, iyo inopa capital, uye kuwana purofiti / kurasikirwa asi usatore chikamu mukutora kwekambani.
Iyo share capital haina kukanganiswa nekurasikirwa nekambani, asi inogona kudzikiswa kana kuwedzerwa, isu tichaona zvimwe pamusoro peizvi gare gare.
Chii chiri kuwedzera kwemari?
Kuva pachena nezve chinonzi capital capital chii, tinogona kunzwisisa kuti kuwedzera kwemari kuri chaizvo kupa kukosha kwakanyanya uye zvinhu kukambani. Kune nzira dzakasiyana dzekuzviita uye zvakanakira zvatichaona pazasi.
Pane nzira mbiri dzekuwedzera kukosha kwebhizinesi:
- - Ipa zvikamu zvitsva kune vavakaroorana navo kana vatsva, kana, kuwedzera kukosha kwezvikamu zvakatopihwa kare. Zvichienderana nezvinangwa zvekambani, iwe unosarudza pane imwe sarudzo kana imwe: vanyowani vatsva havawanzo kutsvakwa.
- Muchiitiko chechipiri, zviri nyore inowedzera kukosha kwezita remasheyaNekudaro, kukosha kwekambani kunowedzera, pasina kubhadharwa kwemari kune vagovana.
Mubvunzo ndewokuti: nei bhizinesi richida mari?
Iyo kambani, hombe kana diki, inosanganisira kuyerera kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera kwemari inopinda uye inobuda, chero bedzi kupinda kwacho kuchidarika mari yekubuda. Kuti bhizinesi riite, rinoda fanicha, zvishandiso, vashandi, uye mbishi zvinhu kuti riite. Kuti uite izvi, unoda vagovani kana vadyidzani.
Iyi kambani iri kuita mushe zvekuti inoda kuvhura bazi mukati kana kunze kweSpain, kuti iwane kukwikwidza uye iwedzere purofiti. Kuvhura rimwe bhizinesi kunoreva mari muzvivakwa, zvishandiso nezvose zvakare, saka mari inodiwa, dzimwe nguva mari yakawanda.
Iyo kambani ine sarudzo mbiri: kumbira chikwereti kubhanga, uye vabhadhare nezvido zvavo, kana, kuwana mari kuburikidza nekuwedzera kwemari, kuvhura musuwo kune vamwe vatsva vanosiya mari kukambani.
Iyo yechipiri sarudzo zvakare fomu yechikweretiZvakanaka, mune zvemari yekuverenga, mari yese yemari, sezvatakataura, chikwereti kune vanobatana nekambani. Iyi sarudzo ine mutengo wakaderera pane uyo wechikwereti chebhangi, uye zvinoenderana chete nenjodzi idzo kambani ine uye simba rekunyengedza kuti vanyengere vatsva.
Zvakanakira kuwedzera iyo share capital yekambani
Wana mari pasina mubereko
Isu tatozvitaura kare: kukwidza mari kunodzivirira kambani kubhadhara mubereko uye kunyangwe mari yekuisa mari. Imari pa "zero mutengo". Izvo hazvisi hazvo kuwedzera bhizinesi: unogona kuiisa mumakambani ekushambadzira, muvashandi vane ruzivo, mukugadzira zvigadzirwa zvitsva kana masevhisi, kana kungovandudza izvo zvaunazvo.
Wedzera kukosha kwekambani
Kwete chete iyo kambani iyo capital capital inowedzera mari yekudyara, asi kukosha kwayo sekambani kunowedzera. Izvi zvine mhedzisiro kwete kungotaura zvetsika chete, asi kutaura zvemari unogona kuwana mikana yakawanda uye iri nani yechikwereti, sezvo uchinakirwa noutano hwakanaka hwemari.
Kupa muenzaniso: zviri nyore kuwana chikwereti kukambani ine share share capital ye150.000, pane inoenda neyakaganhurirwa zviri pamutemo ye € 60.000.
Iine mukurumbira wepamusoro
Pasina kupokana, kambani, hombe kana diki, izvo zvinoita capital inowedzera zvikuru kunatsiridza mufananidzo wako, zita rako rinokosheswa pamberi pevatengesi uye kunyangwe nevatengi.
Nguva yekuwedzera capital?
Sezvatakambotaura, mazhinji maSME anogadzwa aine hushoma zviri pamutemo, uye zvishoma nezvishoma ivo vanowedzera capital, kana vakadaro, nekuti mari yekutanga iri kuita diki nekushanda kwekambani.
Nyanzvi dzinoti mabhizinesi mazhinji haazive kuti riwedzere riini, kana kunyangwe kuti kutanga bhizinesi ine hushoma zviri pamutemo yatove kukanganisa mubhizinesi, uye inozomaka munguva pfupi inotevera.
Nyanzvi dzezvemabhizinesi dzinovimbisa kuti pane inguva dzinosvika ina umo kuwedzera kweshare capital kunenge kuri kwekumanikidzwa, ayo ari:
1. Kana paine mikana yekukura. Kune mikana yebhizinesi isingagone kushandiswa nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemari. Kazhinji, hapana munhu anotora zvikwereti mumikana yebhizinesi nemamwe matanho enjodzi, uye bhizinesi rinokanganiswa kana kumira. Iyi nguva yakanaka kuwedzera kukosha kwekambani, pasina kubhadhara mubhadharo kubhangi.
2. Kana mutengo wacho wakarurama. Iwe unogona kuda kurairwa mune izvi: fungidzira kuti iwe unoda € 100.000 yekudyara mukambani yako, uye mutengo wekuiwana iri 20% yekambani yako. Pamwe gore rinouya, tora iwo zviuru zana, vanomiririra 100% yekambani yako. Nyanzvi dzinovimbisa kuti iyo yakanakisa nguva ndeye apo iyo kufarira kwakaenzana nemutengo.
3. Kana kambani yako ichida kutenga nguva. Nyanzvi dzezvemari dzinoverenga kuti makore matatu ekutanga emakambani mazhinji anoshanda mukurasikirwa, ndiko kuti, inguva iyo iyo mari inowanzo dzorerwa uye zvikwereti zvakagadzirwa kugadzira kambani inobhadharwa. Kana iwe usiri kuda kumirira iyo yakareba, kana bhizinesi riri kunonoka, izano rakanaka kuwana vadyidzani kana kuwedzera capital yekambani uye kudzikisa iyo nguva. Asi zvinofanirwa kuitwa nehana, nekuti unotyira kupinda mutsime rakadzika kana bhizinesi rakundikana.
4. Kana zano richidiwa. Kuvhura mikova yekambani kune vatsva vanobatana haisi chete nyaya yemari. Dzimwe nguva, musuwo unovhurwa kune vamwe varimari kana vadyidzani nekuti vanounza navo ruzivo rwakakura uye kumashure pane izvo zvevamwe, izvo zvinovabatsira kuita sarudzo dziri nani. Ivo "vatungamiriri" vavanoshanda navo, panzvimbo pevatengesi.
Unoita sei iwe kuwedzera mari?
Iko kuwedzera kukuru Izvo zvakakosha, zvinoda kushandura zvakatemwa zvekambani, saka akateedzana maitiro anofanira kuteverwa kuti uzviite, kuitira ipa vimbiso kune vadyidzani uye vakweretesi vekambani.
Kutaura chaizvo, zvinoitwa mumatanho matatu:
1. Chibvumirano cheGeneral Musangano wekambani
2 Kuuraya
3. Nyoresa kuwedzera kwemari yemari
Kutanga, chikumbiro chinofanirwa kuitwa kubva kuna sachigaro webhodhi revatungamiriri kana vagovani vezvekuwedzera, pamwe nehurongwa hwakarongwa. Kunyangwe chero chero mubati weinenge 5% yeiyo kukosha kweiyo capital stock.
Vanopfuura hafu yevanobata mari yemari yekambani vanofanirwa kubvumidza kuwedzera kwemari kuburikidza nekupinda kwevamwe vatsva, uye nezve yavo yakazara kuwedzera kukosha kwezvikamu zvakatopihwa kare.
Ipapo, inofanirwa kunyorwa, nekubhadharwa kwakazara kana paine mari, muMercantile Registry uye kuburitswa kwayo kwakasiyana muBORME (Official Gazeti reMercantile Registry), chinova chinhu chakafanana neBOE.
Iyo inotyisa dilution mhedzisiro
Zvese zvinhu zvine njodzi, uye kuwedzera mari zvakare, uye chimwe chazvo ndicho chinonzi "capital dilution". Zvinoreva kurasikirwa kwepfuma kweanenge mumwe wevabatiri zvine rukudzo kune vamwe vese, yekusagona kunyorera kana kutenga zvikamu izvo zvine kodzero asi zvisingakwanise kuwana.
Zviri nyore nemuenzaniso: Spain SA ine vadyidzani vana uye € 4, muzvikamu zvakaenzana, ndiko kuti, € 100.000 imwe neimwe, muzvikamu zvine mutengo we € 25.000 imwe neimwe.
Ivo vanoda kuwedzera zvakapetwa kukosha kwekambani, kusvika ku € 200.000, uye vafunge kusave nevatsva vashandi, asi pakati pavo. Zvinoitika kuti yega yega inoda kuisa € 25.000. Asi vaviri havana zviwanikwa, saka vanochengeta yavo 25.000 siteki, uye vamwe vaviri ne € 50.000.
Vaviri vevadyidzani vakadzikamisa muridzi kubva pa25% kusvika pa12.5%, nekudaro vachisimbisa simba ravo mubhenefiti uye nesarudzo dzekambani.
Mhedziso
Iwo makambani, pasina hazvo kuenda kune kutengeswa kwemasheya avo paStock Exchange, vanogona kuwana mari nekuwedzera yavo share capital, uye nekudaro kukwanisa kuiisa mari mukutenga kutsva, vashandi kana michina.
Iko kiyi yekuzviita panguva yakakodzera, kuti kambani isamira, kunyangwe ichifanirwa kuitwa nehanya, sezvo paine njodzi yekuwedzeredzwa kwemari.