Ndine chokwadi chekuti maIbex, maNasdaq aunoziva kwauri ... Zvaungasaziva ndizvo chaizvo zvinorehwa nemashoko aya. Zvakanaka, aya mastock indices, unoziva here kuti chii?
Next tinoenda jekesa kuti mastock indices ndeapi, mabasa api aainawo, pamwe nemhando zviripo nhasi. Kana uchifarira nyaya yacho, usazeza kuramba uchiiverenga.
Chii chinonzi stock indices
Stock indices, inozivikanwawo se stocks index, Ndizvo chaizvo zviratidzo zvinobatsira kuziva kuti kusiyana kwemitengo yezvinhu zvakanyorwa kwave chii, chero vachisangana nenhevedzano yehunhu.
Mune mamwe mazwi, isu tiri kutaura nezve kukosha kwereferensi iyo inokupa iwe seti yehukoshero yakataurwa mumusika wemasheya pane icho chimwe chinhu, nenzira yekuti unogona kuona kuti yachinja sei mumutengo nekufamba kwenguva nekungotarisa kamwe chete. .
Kukosha kwenhamba uku kunoshandiswa pamusoro pezvose kuitira kuti munhu awane pfungwa yekuti mamiriro ekambani yaari kuongorora ari kuita sei, nenzira yekuti anogona kuona kana iri nguva yakanaka, kana kuti zvakasiyana, kana zviri nani kusaisa mari mairi .
Pakati peakawanda stock indices aripo nhasi, mukuru ndiye Dow Jones Transportation Avhareji, index iyo yakagadzirwa muna Chikunguru 3, 1884 naCharles Dow (naizvozvo zita rake), mutori wenhau uye chaizvo muvambi weWall Street Journal. Parizvino, inoumbwa nemakambani ekufambisa gumi nerimwe ayo mapfumbamwe ari enjanji.
Mabasa e stock indices
Iye zvino zvaunoziva kuti mastock indices ndeapi, zvinokwanisika kuti une pfungwa yekuti zvinangwa ndezvipi. Asi kuti zvijeke, mabasa aya akakamurwa kuita zvinotevera:
- Vanobatsira kuyera kushanda. Ndiko kuti, nekukwanisa kuona kusiyanisa kwemitengo kune kambani, unogona kuziva kana iri sarudzo yakanaka yekushanda nayo kana kwete. Izvi zvinobvumira vatungamiri kuita basa riri nani.
- Inobvumira kuziva kana paine purofiti kana njodzi mumusika. Nokudaro, nekuona kuchinja kwemitengo yakasiyana iwe unogona kuziva kana iri nguva yakanaka yekushanda nayo kana kwete.
- Mune zvimwe zviitiko, stock indices vanova hwaro hwezvigadzirwa zvekudyara.
- Inobvumira kuyera pfuma yemari. Zviripachena kuti haisi 100% yakavimbika chiratidzo, hapana kana chimwe chazvo, asi iwe unogona kuita beta (kureva, bvunzo) uchiwana iwo akasiyana maitiro kuita sarudzo dzakanyanya.
Mhando dze stock indices
Kana ukarangarira mavambo, uchazviziva Iko hakuna imwe chete stock index, asi akati wandei. Vanamazvikokota vanogona kuzviyeresa nenzira dzakasiyana siyana, kunyangwe zvinonyanyozivikanwa kazhinji 3. Izvi ndezvi:
Maererano nekwakabva
Kunyanya, iwo anobva pakuti aya indices anobva kupi kana kwaanoshanda. Ndeupi kupatsanurwa kunowanikwa?
- Venyika. Kana midziyo yavanoshanda nayo ndeyenyika imwe chete.
- International. Kana midziyo iri munyika dzakawanda dzekunze. Hazvina mhosva kuti inongova imwe chete uye vamwe vose vari munyika imwe chete, kune iyoyo inenge yatove yepasi rose.
- Pasi rose. Izvi zvinosiyana neyakare pakuti midziyo haina kuwandirwa munyika shoma dzekunze asi kuti iri pasi rose.
Maererano nekambani
Yechipiri inonyanya kushandiswa kurongedza imhando yekambani iyo iri. Muchiitiko ichi, tiri kutaura nezve:
- Sector indices. Kana makambani anogadzira zvinhu akatarisana nechikamu chakati.
- Intersectoral. Kusiyana nemamwe, pano iwe haungave uine chikamu chimwe chete asi paizove akati wandei.
Zvinoenderana nerudzi rwezvinhu
Chekupedzisira, chekupedzisira cheanowanzo kupatsanurwa chine chekuita nemidziyo yatinoshanda nayo, tichiisa mumapoka maindices mu:
- Yemari yakasiyana. Kana zvinhu zvacho zviri masheya.
- Fixed rendi. Imo zvisungo nezvisungo zvinopinda. Muchiitiko ichi chechipiri vanenge vari vemhando ipi zvayo.
- Raw Materials. Kunyanya, tiri kutaura nezve sirivheri, mafuta, goridhe ...
Ndeapi mastock indices aripo munyika
Kutaura nezve imwe neimwe yemastock indices inogona kunetesa uye inofinha. Nekudaro, ichokwadi kuti kune mamwe ayo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya (kana anozivikanwa zviri nani).
Isu tinoreva Dow Jones (kuUnited States); Nasdaq (zvakare muUS); Eurostoxx50 (muEurope); Nikkei (Japan); kana kuti Ibex35 (muSpain, uye iyo huru inosanganisira makambani makumi matatu nemashanu ane capitalization yakakwira uye liquidity).
Zvino, ava vatataura havasirivo voga varipo. Muchokwadi, zvichienderana nenyika (kana kondinendi) tinogona kuwana vanopfuura mumwe mumiriri. Semuyenzaniso:
Munyaya ye United StatesPamusoro peDow Jones neNasdaq, imwe yeinonyanya kuzivikanwa uye inonyanya kushandiswa ndiyo S&P 500, iyo, sezvinoratidzwa nenhamba, inoumbwa nemakambani mazana mashanu paNew York Stock Exchange neNasdaq, pakati pemakuru munyika.
Kana tichienda ku EuropePane matatu stock indices anofanirwa kuverengerwa. Are:
- Dax 30, yeGermany yakabva uye iyo inosanganisira makambani makumi matatu, iyo inonyanya kukosha yeFrankfurt Stock Exchange.
- FTSE 100, yakatanga kubva kuLondon, uye nemakambani zana akakosha. SaDow Jones, iyi index index yakagadzirwa nepepanhau, Financial Times bepanhau.
- CAC 40, zvakare nemakambani makumi mana, chete kubva kuFrench stock market.
Kudzokera kuchikamu che America, Asi mune iyi kesi, kumaodzanyemba, iwo makuru emusika indices, ayo asingawanzo kutariswa (kunyanya muSpain), ndeaya:
- Bovespa, anobva kuBrazil uye akaumbwa nemakambani makumi mashanu paSao Paulo Stock Exchange.
- IPC, Mexican, uye inodzorwa naCarlos Slim.
- IBC Caracas, inova indekisi huru muVenezuela uye inoumbwa nemakambani gumi nematanhatu.
- IGBVL, kubva kuPeru.
- Merval, anobva kuArgentina kwaunowana makambani akakosha paBuenos Aires Stock Exchange.
- IPSA, kubva kuChile.
- MSCI Latin America. Icho chimwe chezviratidzo zvemusika wepasi rose sezvo iine makambani kubva kuBrazil, Peru, Mexico, Chile neColombia
Padanho reAsiaPamusoro peNikkei, zvakare inocherechedzwa ndeye SSE Composite Index, inonyanya kukosha muChina; KOSPI, kubva kudivi reSouth Korea; BSE Sensex, kubva kuIndia; o Hang Seng Index, kubva kuHong Kong.
Iwe zvino wanyatsojekesa here nezve stock indices?