Vanhu vazhinji vakakwanisa kuchengetedza zvakapfuura zvakajairika panguva yedenda uye vava kushamisika kuti chii chavangaite kuti vawane mari yakawanda nezvavanotova nazvo. Imwe yesarudzo dziri nyore ndeyekutsvaga bhangi rinobhadhara iwe kuti uve nemari muaccount. Mune ino kesi, Imwe yesarudzo dzinobatsira kwazvo ndeyekuwedzera chikamu chedu chemari yatakachengetera muhomwe yekudyara. Asi chii chiri mutual mari? Vanoshanda sei?
Tinoda kujekesa pfungwa ye mutual fund uye kutsanangura mushe kuti inoshanda sei. Zvinokurudzirwawo kuti uzive mhando dzakasiyana dziripo kuti uzive kuti ndeipi inogona kuve iri nani kwatiri. Kana iwe uchifarira musoro wenyaya, ramba uchiverenga.
Chii chinonzi mari yekudyara uye kuti inoshanda sei?
Kana tichitaura nezve mutual fund kana homwe yekudyara, isu tinoreva iyo IIC (mubatanidzwa wekudyara institution). Izvo zvinoenderana nekuunganidzwa kwemari dzakasiyana siyana dzemari kuti uzviise mune dzakasiyana zvemari zviridzwa. Basa reichi chiito rakapihwa kune manejimendi kambani. Iyi inogona kuve yekambani yemabasa ekudyara kana bhangi. Mune mamwe mazwi: Mari dzekudyidzana inzira dzakasiyana dzekudyara, sezvo vachiisa mari mumidziyo yakasiyana yemari nokudaro vachideredza njodzi (zvinoenderana nerudzi rwemari yekudyara yakasarudzwa).
Vanhu vanopa chikamu muhomwe vanonzi vatori vechikamu muhomwe. Mupiro weavo vese unoumba patrimony inotarisirwa uye inotarisirwa nekambani manejimendi uye neyakaisirwa chinhu, basa rayo ndere kuchengetedza mari pamwe nekuchengetedzeka. Inoitawo mamwe mabasa senge kuongorora uye kuvimbisa kudyara.
Mushure mekudyara mune imwe yemari idzi, anenge ari mubatanidzwa anowana imwe nhamba yemasheya. Aya ane akasiyana mambure aseti kukosha kana mutengo zuva rega rega, sezvo iri mhedzisiro yekuparadzaniswa pakati peyeti yakakosheswa panguva iyoyo uye nhamba yezvikamu zviripo. Kuti uwane kudzoka pane homwe yekudyara, unofanirwa kutengesa zvikamu. Kazhinji, kutengesa kwacho kunogona kuitwa chero nguva, kunze kwekune iyo mari mune kuderedzwa kwemari kune dzimwe nguva kana mazuva.
Operation
Vanhu vanoverengeka vanoungana vachigadzira mubatanidzwa wehomwe mune inochengeterwa chinhu, senge bhangi, iro chete basa rekuchengetedza mari kana zvinhu. Mari yekudyara inotarisirwa nekambani manejimendi ine hunyanzvi mukudyara. Ivo vatori vechikamu, kureva kuti, vanhu vakaisa mari muhomwe, vanowana yavo yekudyara muzana zuva ravanoda kuti vabudise mari yavo imomo. Iyo purofiti inoenderana nemhedzisiro yekambani manejimendi uyo anga achiisa mari iyoyo muzvinhu zvakasiyana zvemari.
Kazhinji, manejimendi kambani inodyara mumari (yekune dzimwe nyika kana yemuno mari), muzvivakwa kana zviwanikwa zvakapihwa oparesheni (inozove yemamogeji zvikwereti) uye mune zvakachengetedzwa zvakachengetedzwa (zvisungo, masheya, nezvimwewo). Kunze kwekudyara guta guru, iri zvakare mutariri wekuchengetedza maakaundi, kudzora iyo depository kambani uye kugadzira zviri pamutemo zvinodiwa zvinyorwa. Kune rimwe divi, iro rega basa rekambani inoisa mari ndeyekuchengetedza zviridzwa uye kuchengetedzwa kunomiririra kudyara. Makambani ese ari maviri anofanirwa kudzora kuti ese marongedzero emitemo ye manejimendi asangana.
Mukupedzisa, kudyidzana mari kana mari yekudyara inopa epakati nepadiki savers mukana wekuwedzera mari yavo kuburikidza nekutora chikamu mumusika mukuru. Vanoita izvi nehunyanzvi hwakaenzana uye nzira sevashambadzi vakuru.
Mhando dzemari yekudyara zvinoenderana nekuita kwavo
Kune makirasi maviri akasiyana emari, zvinoenderana nekuita kwavo. Pakutanga pane imwe hama, ine mashandiro ayo ane hukama neindekisi, inonziwo Benchmark, uye inowanikwa mune imwe nguva. Iyi ndiyo mari yechinyakare yekudyara avo vane mari vane njodzi shoma, asi zvakare vane mashoma makomisheni.
Muchiitiko cheiyo mhedzisiro kirasi, hapana Benchmark uye kukosha kweiyo mari inoyerwa nemari yayo kukosha. Mari dzekudyara dzerudzi urwu dzinodhura uye mutori wechikamu haazive zvavachaisa mari. Ivo vanowanzo shandisa ese marudzi emhando yekudyara matekiniki, senge zvigadzirwa, nzvimbo pfupi, nezvimwe. izvo zvinowedzera njodzi yekudyara.
Kuita kwehukama
Kana tichitaura nezvemari yekudyara pamwe nekuita zvine mutsindo, vatori vechikamu vane ruzivo rwenzvimbo dzese dzavachaisa mari nechiridzwa chemari, senge mbishi, masheya, indekisi yemasheya, zvisungo, nezvimwe. Ivo vanoziviswawo kana sarudzo yaitwa yekutarisa pane chimwe chikamu chemusika, senge tekinoroji, mishonga yemishonga, nezvimwe. Chii chimwe, seta kukosha uchishandisa Benchmark iyo inowanzo kuve yakabatana neimwe index stock. Hukama kuita kunogona kukamurwa kuve mapoka maviri, zvinoenderana neane manejimendi:
- Kushanda manejimendi: Tsika dzekudyara dzechinyakare idzo mutengo unowanzo kuve 2% yemakomisheni ezvinodyarwa.
- Passive manejimendi: Index mari inodzokorodza indekisi uye mutengo wayo unosvika 1% yeinvestment uye Exchange-Traded Fund (ETF), iyo inoshandisawo hunyanzvi hwekudyara kwepamberi uye mutengo wayo 0,5% yemari.
Kuita kwakazara
Kazhinji, gohwo rakazara rinotarisirwa nevatengesi. Mune zviitiko izvi, varimari havazive chaizvo zvavanofunga kuisa mari mairi. Chii chimwe, nzira dzekudyara dzavanoshandisa dzinowanzo kuve dzekufungidzira, nokudaro kuwedzera njodzi. Mune zviitiko izvi pane mari inotevera:
- Hedge Fund kana Hedge Fund: Imari yemasangano akadai senzvimbo hombe kana imwe mari yekudyara. Iwo makomisheni akakwirira uye njodzi yakanyanya kwazvo, nekuti vanogona kupinda muchikwereti kuti vagadzire mari zvine njodzi, senge pfupi nzvimbo.
- Imwe nzira manejimendi manejimendi: Ivo vane kudzoka kwakakwirira, asi njodzi zvakare yakakwira.
Ndeipi yakanakisa mari yekudyara?
Zvakaoma kwazvo kutaura kuti ndeipi yakanakisa mari yekudyara, nekuti zvinoenderana nemamiriro emunhu wega wega. Naizvozvo, pane huwandu hukuru hwemhando dzakasiyana. Vanogona kuisirwa zvinoenderana nenjodzi yavo, kudanwa kwekudyara, nzvimbo yenzvimbo kana mhando yekudzoka. Zvisinei, inonyanya kufarirwa ndeyeye yekudaidzira mari. Mukati meichi chikamu idzi mhando dzinobuda pachena:
- Yakagadziriswa mari yekudyara mari
- Equity mari yekudyara
- Global mari yekudyara
- Yakavhenganiswa mari yekudyara
- Mari yemari
- Mari dzinovimbiswa
- Hedge Funds (hedge fund kana imwe nzira yekushandisa mari)
- Index mari kana index mari
- Mari yekudyara mari
Ndinovimba ichi chinyorwa chakubatsira iwe kuti unzwisise kuti mutual mari chii. Iyo imwe nzira yakanaka kune avo vasinganzwisise musika zvakanyanyisa kana avo vasina nguva yekuva padanho, asi vanoda kuisa mari yavo kushanda zvakadaro.