Imwe yeanonyanya kushandiswa mazwi ehupfumi parizvino IPC. Asi isu tinonyatsoziva zvarinoreva zvechokwadi here? Zvakanaka, inowirirana nechidimbu chemutengo wevatengi, uye ndiyo kukosha kwenhamba kunoratidza iyo misiyano mumitengo munguva yakatarwa. Iine imwe pesvedzero pamisika yemari uye pane shanduko yemitengo yemasheya. Kubva pane ino mamiriro ese, inogona kuve yakavimbika paramende yekupinda kana kubuda mumisika yemari uine zvimwe zvivimbiso zvekubudirira.
Iyo CPI zvakare chikamu chakakosha kwazvo cheruzivo rwekudzokorora mihoro nemapenjeni munyika medu. Kuve nesarudzo yekukura kwayo, kunyanya kana iwo matanho eiyo mutengo wemutengo akanyanya kwazvo. Kunyangwe kuona iyo mari yemitemo yenyika kana yenzvimbo, uye mupfungwa iyi muenzaniso wakanakisa ibasa iro European Central Bank (ECB) yanga ichivandudza kusimudzira kukura munzvimbo yeyuro. Uye kare kuti ubude mumatambudziko akakomba ehupfumi akaitika pakati pa2007 na2008.
Kune rimwe divi, mutengo wevatengi index iri zvakare kusarudza kuti ive sereferenzi sosi iyo inozivikanwa seye "shopping basket". Nekuti mukuita, kuburikidza neCPI isu tinoziva sei shanduko yechikamu chakakosha cheichi chinonzi hupfumi hwemumba. Uye chero zvazviri, zvinokanganisa kugadzirira kwemhuri kana bhajeti yemunhu, sekuziva kwevashandisi vese. Naizvozvo, iyo indekisi yemutengo ine zvakawanda zvinorehwa kupfuura zvaunogona kufungidzira kubva pakutanga.
Shanduko yemitengo yemutengi
Mutengo wepagore weiyo General Consumer Price Index (CPI) muna Ndira ndeye 1,0%, zvikamu zviviri mugumi zvakaderera pane izvo zvakanyoreswa mwedzi wapfuura, zvinoenderana nemitero ichangoburwa yakapihwa neNational Institute of Statistics (INE) na kukanganisa kwakashata izvo zvinomira mukudzikira kwemutengo wepagore ndeizvi zvinotevera:
Chikafu uye zvisina-zvinwiwa zvinodhaka, iyo inoderedza musiyano wayo wepagore mana chegumi uye inoiisa pa0,9%, nekuda kwekudzikama kwemitengo yehove nehove, zvichienzaniswa nekukwira kwakanyoreswa muna2018. Inofanirawo kucherechedzwa, kunyangwe iri munzira, kuwedzera mitengo yetsanga nemiriwo, iyo yakaderera gore rapfuura, mukufunga kweshumo repamutemo iri.
Kutakura, nechiyero che -0,2%, zvina zvegumi pazasi pemwedzi wapfuura, nekuda kwekuti mitengo yemafuta nemafuta zvakakwira zvishoma mwedzi uno kupfuura muna Ndira 2018.
Zororo uye tsika, ane musiyano wegore negore wakaderera zvisere zvegumi, kusvika -0,9%, nekuda kwekuderera kwemitengo yemapakeji evashanyi, ayo ari makuru mwedzi uno kupfuura muna Ndira wegore rapfuura.
Kukanganisa kwakashata pane indekisi
Mupfungwa iyi, kune zvimwe zvikamu zvakagadzira dhata risingagutsi munguva ino uye zvakakanganisa mutengo wehupenyu wakura. Semuenzaniso, iyo ndeyekuti isu tinofumura pazasi:
Kupfeka neshangu, ine mwero we -15,4%, iyo inoratidza mhedzisiro yekutengesa kwechando. Kukanganisa kwayo kuCPI yakajairika -1,037.
Zororo uye tsika, ane mutsauko we - 2,3% une simba re - 0,190, uye unokurudzirwa, kazhinji, nekuderera kwemitengo yemapakeji evashanyi.
nzvimbo yekugara, iyo yakaratidza mwero we -0,6% uye mhedzisiro -0,076, semhedzisiro yekudonha kwemitengo yegasi uye, padiki padiki, dhiziri rekudziisa uye magetsi.
Mhuri, iyo inoisa mutsauko wayo pa -0,5%. Kudzikiswa kwemitengo yezvinhu zvemachira epamba zvinomira mushanduko iyi. Iko kukanganisa kweboka iri pane yakajairwa indekisi ndi0,028.
Mahotera, maresitorendi nemaresitorendi, iyo mwero we -0,2%, iyo ine mhedzisiro ye -0,022, inokonzerwa nekuderera kwemitengo yemasevhisi ekugara. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa, kunyangwe kune yakatarisana, kukwira kwemitengo kwemaresitorendi.
Mitengo nenharaunda dzinozvitonga
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha kwazvo zvekutarisa mune yevatengi mutengo indekisi ndeyekuti haina yunifomu. Kana zvisiri, pane kudaro, inosiyana kubva kunharaunda yakazvimiririra kuenda kune imwe uye dzimwe nguva nechisimba chinokwezva kutarisisa kwakawanda, kune vezvehupfumi uye kune ivo vashandisi pachavo. Mupfungwa iyi, uye maererano neazvino data repamutemo rakapihwa neNational Institute of Statistics (INE), zvinoratidzwa kuti mwero wegore weCPI unodzikira munharaunda gumi nemana dzakazvimiririra muna Ndira uchienzaniswa naZvita uye unochengetwa mune matatu asara.
Iko kuderera kukuru kunoitika muCastilla-La Mancha, nedonhwe regumi neshanu. Kune avo chikamu, nharaunda dzinochengetedza mwero wadzo wepagore ndeyeIls Balears, Comunidad Foral de Navarra naPaí Vasco. Sechiratidzo chekuchinjika muhupfumi uye kuti iyo yose CPI yakazara inosarudza imwe yeanonyanya kukodzera paramende pamamiriro ehutano ehupfumi hwenyika. Semuenzaniso, mune ino kesi iyo yeSpanish. Kunze kwekumwe kufunga kwehunyanzvi iyo inofanirwa kuongororwa mune imwe chinyorwa pamutengo wemutengo wevatengi.
Yakabvumirana Mutengo Index (HICP)
Iyo imwe yemusiyano weiyo mutengo wevatengi index uye inoreva chiratidzo chehuwandu hwehukosha hwakakosha uye chinangwa chayo kupa chiyero chakajairika chekuwedzera kwemitengo icho chinobvumidza kufananidzwa kwepasi rose. Zvekuti nenzira iyi zvinokwanisika kuongorora kutevedzera iyo iyo Chibvumirano cheMaastricht yekupinda muMonetary Union. Kubva pane ino maonero, inogona kunge iri paramende yehupfumi ine pesvedzero huru pamutengo wekugara munyika.
Kune rimwe divi, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti munaNdira wapfuura mwero wekusiyana kwegore weHICP wakamira pa1,0%, zviviri zvegumi pazasi zvakanyoreswa mwedzi wapfuura. Naizvozvo, kusiyanisa kwemwedzi nemwedzi kweHICP munguva ino yakaongororwa ndeye -1,7%. Ndichiri pane zvinopesana, mumwedzi waJanuary iyo yegore kusiyanisa mwero weiyo CPI kune Nguva dzose Mitero (CPI-IC) inomira pa0,9%, chegumi chakaderera pane icho chakanyoreswa neCPI yakajairika. Iko kusiyanisa kwemwedzi pamwero weiyo CPI-IC yanga iri -1,4% mune ino yakaongororwa nguva. Nezvechikamu chayo, iyo HICP kuConstant Mitero (IPCA-IC) inopa chiyero chegore che1,0%, yakafanana neiyo yeHICP.
Akasiyana mitengo indices
Sezvaungave iwe waona muchinyorwa chino, chimwe chehunhu hweCPI ndechekuti inoiswa pasi pemafomati akasiyana, seConstant Mitero (IPCA-IC). Uye izvo zvinobatsira kuve nemuono wakanyanya kuona nezve mamiriro ehupfumi hwemhuri. Hazvishamisi, chete iyo kuwedzera mungoro yekutengera, asi iyo chaiyo mamiriro echikwereti chemogeji kana kunyangwe iyo mari inoitika mune zvigadzirwa zvemishonga. Uye izvo zvinogona kushandiswa kune hurumende kutora matanho ezvehupfumi kana kunyangwe vashandi kana matanho ekubatsira kumatunhu anotambura kwazvo munharaunda.
Naizvozvo, iyo indekisi yemutengo inonyanya kukosha kupfuura vashandisi vazhinji vanotenda pakutanga. Kusiyana neyako kukanganisa mari yakagadzirwa mumisika yemari. Iko iko kuitika kwayo kuri kuderera nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana izvo zvichave zviri zvemamwe zvinyorwa. Chero zvazvingaitika, hazvibatsire zvakanyanyisa kuti mutengo wemusika wemari usimuke kana kudonha zvichibva paiyi paramende yehupfumi Sezvo zvave zvichionekwa mumakuru indices emisika yemari.
Mhedzisiro yebhizinesi pamusika wemasheya
Mhedzisiro yebhizimusi mhedzisiro emakambani akanyorwa pamisika yemari ine zvakawanda zvinokanganisa pamusika wemasheya. Mupfungwa iyi, chidimbu cheruzivo chakakosha ndechekuti makambani anoumba Ibex 35 akavhara gore rapfuura aine kuwedzera mubereko. Iyi data inosanganisira mhedzisiro yemakambani makumi matatu neshanu anoita anosarudzika. Makambani akanyorwa akwanisa kukunda dzimba dzakaomarara uye nharaunda yakaoma yehupfumi yavari kupfuura nayo. Asi iyo yekukura mwero webhenefiti yayo yakadzikira kana ichienzaniswa nemwedzi gumi nembiri ya35.
Makambani ari muchikamu chemagetsi zvakare akatungamira purofiti, nekuwedzera kweanosvika 5%, uye nekukura kwemari kwe9%, zvichienzaniswa ne4% mumitengo. Idzi idzi idhata dzinoteverwa nevashambadzi vadiki nepakati nepakati vane hutano hwakakura pahutano hwehupfumi hwemakambani pachawo pane kuwedzera kwemutengo wehupenyu. Uye izvo zvinogona zvakare kushandiswa kune mamwe epasi rese misika yemari, sezvakaratidzwa mumakore apfuura. Uye izvo zvinotarisa kuti chinguva pane kutenga kana kutengesa kumanikidza.
Makambani akanyorwa akwanisa kukunda dzimba dzakaomarara uye nharaunda yakaoma yehupfumi yavari kupfuura nayo. Asi iyo mwero wekukura kweiyo purofiti yakadzora zvine hukama nemwedzi gumi nemaviri ya2017.