Ofaya daga cikin ra'ayoyin da suka fi dacewa a fagen tattalin arziki a cikin recentan shekarun nan shine abin da ake kira dunƙulewar tattalin arziƙin ƙasa. Wannan lokacin, wanda bashi da wahalar fahimta, ya hada da daya daga cikin mahimman ilimi a fannin tattalin arziki.
Amma, Menene haɗin kan tattalin arziki? Waɗanne fa'idodi da rashin amfani yake da su? Menene don?
Menene dunkulewar tattalin arzikin duniya
Zamu iya ayyana dunkulewar tattalin arzikin duniya azaman "Hadin kan tattalin arziki da kasuwanci wanda ke faruwa ta kasashe da dama, a matakin kasa, yanki ko ma na kasa da kasa, kuma wanda burin sa shi ne cin gajiyar kayayyaki da aiyukan kowace kasa." Watau, muna magana ne game da damar kasashe su hada kayansu da aiyukansu da kuma tsayar da manufofin tattalin arziki da kasuwanci tsakanin kasashen da suka kunshi su.
Ta wannan hanyar, a mafi girman ci gaban dukkan ƙasashe, amma har ma da wasu fannoni da yawa kamar fasaha, sadarwa, da sauransu.
Abin da ke nuna haɗin kan tattalin arziki
Kodayake manufar ta riga ta bayyana abin da muke magana a kai game da dunkulewar tattalin arzikin duniya, gaskiya ne cewa akwai wasu halaye da za a yi la'akari da su. Kuma wannan shine:
- Ana mulki dangane da yarjeniyoyin da aka kulla kuma aka kafa tsakanin ƙasashen da suka yarda su haɗadda kadarorinsu da albarkatunsu, sanya hannu da kuma tilasta su. Waɗannan takardun kasuwanci ne na kyauta, ko ƙungiyoyin tattalin arziki, waɗanda ke kula da kyakkyawan aikin ƙasashe.
- Se karfafa samar da aiki, kazalika da tattalin arzikin kasashen da abin ya shafa. A wannan ma'anar, gaskiyar samun damar kwadago, ko da kuwa ba a cikin kasa daya ba, yana taimakawa ci gaba.
- da kayayyaki da aiyuka ana shigo dasu ana fitar dasu. Wato, waɗancan kayayyakin da wata ƙasa ba ta da su, amma wata kuma ba ta da su, na iya samun babban 'yanci na shigo da su, kuma a lokaci guda, abin da suke da shi kuma ya dace da sauran ƙasashe.
- Tattalin arzikin duniya shine yanzu kusan a duk duniya. Amma koyaushe ana yarda dashi a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyoyi daban-daban (bisa ga ƙasashe masu sanya hannu).
Fa'idodi da rashin fa'ida game da dunkulewar tattalin arzikin duniya
A wannan gaba a cikin labarin akwai yiwuwar cewa kun riga kun sami ra'ayin ko yana da kyau ko mara kyau kasancewar dunkulewar tattalin arzikin duniya. Kuma gaskiyar ita ce, kamar yadda a cikin kowane abu, yana da kyawawan abubuwa da marasa kyau. Saboda haka, yayin sanya hannu a kan yarjejeniyoyi, ƙasashe sukan bincika sosai ko yana da amfani ga ƙasa ko a'a.
Fa'idodin dunkulewar tattalin arziƙin ƙasa
Daga cikin kyakkyawar fannoni waɗanda za mu iya ambata muku game da dunkulewar tattalin arziƙin ƙasa, muna da:
- Kudaden samar da masana'antu sun fadi. Saboda akwai alaƙa tsakanin ƙasashe, farashin kayayyaki ya zama mai rahusa, yana barin ƙirar masana'antu ta zama mai arha. Wannan kuma yana shafar farashin ƙarshe na samfuran, wanda ke nufin cewa ana iya miƙa kaya da sabis a farashin mafi tsada.
- Employmentara aikin yi. Musamman a kasashen da ke bukatar kwadago, amma kuma a cikin wadanda ke kara shigowa da fitarwa, saboda suna bukatar kwadago don yin aikin da kanta.
- Akwai gasa tsakanin kamfanoni. Ana iya ɗaukar wannan azaman abu mai kyau, amma kuma azaman mummunan abu. Kuma ita ce gasa tsakanin kamfanoni koyaushe abu ne mai kyau, saboda zai haɓaka kayayyaki, ƙarfafa haɓaka cikin su da ƙoƙarin bayar da kaya da ayyuka mafi kyau. Koyaya, yana iya zama mara kyau ta ma'anar cewa tare da ƙarin gasa yana da wahala ga ƙananan kamfanoni suyi gasa tare da manyan.
- Saurin lokacin samarwa, sama da komai saboda dukkan fasahohi da kirkire-kirkire ana sanya su ne a hidimar dukkan ƙasashe kuma, tare da wannan, yana yiwuwa a inganta fasaha kuma a sa kowa ya ci gaba zuwa hanya ɗaya, ban da inganta ci gaban duniya.
disadvantages
Amma ba duk abin da ke da kyau ba ne, akwai abubuwa marasa kyau da yawa da dunkulewar tattalin arzikin duniya ke kawo mu, kamar su:
- Rashin daidaiton tattalin arziki. Kodayake mun fada cewa kasashe suna yin nasu gudummawar ta yadda kayayyaki da aiyuka za su kasance a tsakanin kowa da kowa, amma a bayyane yake cewa tattalin arzikin kowacce kasa na yin tasiri ga ci gaba, ta yadda za a samu banbanci tsakanin tattalin arzikin daya da wancan.
- An shafi muhalli. Zuwa mafi girma ko karami. Wannan saboda, tare da haɓaka mafi girma, za a sami ƙarin gurɓataccen yanayi, kuma wannan shine dalilin da ya sa yana da mahimmanci a kafa manufofi don kula da mahalli.
- Babban rashin aikin yi. Ee, yana da sabani game da abin da muka fada a baya, cewa an samar da karin aikin yi. Matsalar ita ce, tunda akwai yawan albarkatun ɗan adam, kamfanoni za su nemi waɗancan ma'aikatan da suka fi tattalin arziƙi, kuma hakan zai faru da ma'aikata. Menene wannan yake nufi? Da kyau, za a sami ƙarin rashin aikin yi a ƙasashe da ma'aikata masu tsada.
- Developmentasa ci gaba. Ta hanyar rage damar kasuwanci (daga abin da muke fada muku game da gogayyar kasuwanci) wanda ke shafar tattalin arzikin kowane mutum na kasar.
To kenan dunkulewar duniya baki daya yana da kyau ko mara kyau?
Ya danganta da ƙasar da kuka tambaya, zai gaya muku abu ɗaya ko wata. Kamar yadda kuka gani, yana da kyawawan abubuwansa kuma abubuwan ba masu kyau bane, kuma hakan yana shafar ƙasar daban-daban, ko dai ta hanyar sanya mata wadata ko ƙasa da haka.
Pero don kar a cutar da ita, akwai yarjeniyoyin kasuwanci. Waɗannan an sanya hannu a kan haɗin gwiwa, idan sun kasance tsakanin ƙasashe biyu; ko mai yawa idan ya hada da kasashe da yawa. Kuma suna kafa menene jagororin da za'a bi. Kowace ƙasa dole ne ta kimanta wannan takaddar kafin sanya hannu don iya sanin ko abin da ya dace da su ko, idan ba haka ba, yana da kyau a ci gaba kamar da.
Wani zaɓi da aka yi amfani da shi shine yi amfani da tubalin tattalin arziki, ma'ana, ƙa'idodin da ake aiwatarwa tsakanin ƙasashe da yawa don kafa buƙatu dangane da wasu fannoni: farashi, kayayyakin da aka shigo dasu, da dai sauransu.
Hakanan dunkulewar tattalin arziƙin duniya na iya faruwa ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba, a cikin ƙasa ɗaya, misali ta daidaita ƙimar kuɗin fito, abubuwan da ake buƙata don shigo ko fitar da kaya, da sauransu. Don haka, tattalin arzikin ƙasar ma yana da tasiri.