Nikkei 225, wanda ake kira da Nikkei index, shine mafi yawan shahararren hannun jari a kasuwar Jafananci, ya kasance daga 225 mafi yawan hannun jarin ruwa da aka jera akan kasuwar Tokyo. Ita ce ɗayan manyan kasuwannin adalci a duniya, duka don yawan kamfanonin da aka jera a kan hannun jarin ta da kuma ingancin su. Hakanan yana daga cikin kyakkyawan ɓangare na kudaden saka hannun jari waɗanda suka dogara da kasuwar hannun jari. Kasancewa a cikin kowane yanayi ɗayan wuraren tunani ne ga ƙanana da matsakaitan masu saka hannun jari na duniya.
Idan muka sake nazarin tarihin wannan muhimmin jarin hannun jari kaɗan, mun ga cewa abin da ake kira Nikkei index an haife shi ne a cikin 1971 kuma ana lissafa shi ne da jaridar tattalin arziki da kasuwanci ta Japan Nihon Keizai Shinbun, wanda daga farkon sa sunan Nikkei ya fito. Daga inda zaku iya samun kowane irin kamfani, kuma mai inganci, daga ƙimar fasahar kere kere zuwa kamfanonin wutar lantarki na gargajiya. Kusan dukkanin kamfanoni an haɗa su a cikin wannan jeri na alamun japan. Zuwa ga kasancewarta mafi mahimmanci a yankin Asiya kuma cewa jadawalin kasuwancin ta ya zama ishara ga kasuwannin hannayen jari na tsohuwar nahiyar. A cikin yanayin haɓaka da haɓaka.
Daga wannan taƙaitaccen nazari na jadawalin kasuwar hannayen jarin Japan, dole ne a faɗi cewa gaskiya ne cewa ƙimominsa suna da ɗan sauƙi game da kasuwar hannun jari ta Turai. Tare da banbancin da zai iya kaiwa har zuwa 5% tsakanin matsakaicinsa da mafi ƙarancin farashinsa wanda ya sa ya zama kyakkyawa mai kyau ga kyakkyawan ɓangare na yan kasuwa a kasuwannin kuɗi. A gefe guda, kar a manta cewa yin aiki a cikin wannan kasuwar daidaito ya ƙunshi ƙarin kwamitocin buƙata ga masu saka hannun jari na Yamma. Wannan ƙoƙarin kuɗin yana nuna cewa dole ne saka hannun jari ya zama mai fa'ida tare da iyakoki masu fa'ida. Tare da kwamitocin da zasu iya zama har zuwa 0,6% akan babban jarin da aka saka.
Nikkei 225: yanayin gefe
A halin yanzu Nikkei 225 tana cikin wani yanayi na gefe wanda zai sa shi ya fita ta wata hanyar ko kuma wata, sakamakon gyare-gyaren da aka samu ta hanyar faɗaɗa coronavirus a duniya. Bayan bayanan da zai iya samu a cikin 'yan makonnin nan kuma saboda haka yana nuna cewa ƙarami da matsakaita masu saka jari suyi jira na ɗan lokaci kaɗan kafin su buɗe matsayi a cikin wannan jeri na alamun Asiya. Ta wata hanya abu ne mai kama da abin da ke faruwa ga tattalin arzikinta kuma hakan ya kasance tsayayye na wasu shekaru a cikin ɗayan misalai na abin da ya kasance ba tare da haɓakar tattalin arziki ba. Kuma inda Nikkei 225 na ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa.
Duk da yake a ɗaya hannun, babu wata shakka cewa Nikkei 225 na iya zama madadin ƙananan da matsakaitan masu saka jari ta fuskar raguwar kasuwannin kuɗin yamma. Idan har cewa ana yin la'akari da wani matakin ilmantarwa daga masu amfani a cikin wannan kasuwar hada-hadar a daya bangaren na duniyar tamu. Saboda ba za a iya mantawa cewa lokaci zuwa lokaci ana iya amfani da shi don sanya ayyukan da za mu gudanar a kasuwannin daidaito ya zama fa'ida. Duk irin matakin saka hannun jari da kuma musamman na tsaron da muke daukar mukamai daga yanzu zuwa yanzu. Domin a ƙarshen rana batun fita daga waɗannan kasuwancin ne a kasuwar hada-hadar hannun jari.
Babban bangaren fasaha
Ala kulli halin, bangaren tattalin arziki da ke da nauyi a cikin Nikkei shine ɓangaren fasaha, sannan sashen kayayyakin masarufi ke biye da shi. Sauran kamfanonin da suka dace da keken sune: Yamaha, Toshiba, Suzuki Motor, Sony, Nissan Motor, Majagaba, Bridgestone ko Konica. Makoma ce mai kyau ga masu amfani da adalci waɗanda suke son saka hannun jari ko ajiyar su a cikin wannan kundin kadarar kuɗin. Tare da kasancewa mafi girma fiye da na daidaitattun Spain, tare da banbanci da yawa akan me zuwa tayin da wannan muhimmin jeri na kasuwar hannun jari ta duniya ke gabatarwa. A gefe guda, ya zama dole a nanata cewa wannan wata matattara ce ga masu saka hannun jari waɗanda ke da ƙwarewa a cikin irin wannan ayyukan a cikin alaƙar da ke tsakanin duniyar kuɗi mai rikitarwa.
Wani yanayin da dole ne a magance shi yayin magana game da Nikkei shine wanda ya shafi sassauƙar saka hannun jarin ku, a ma'anar cewa zaku iya zaɓar kowane kamfani. Tare da yaduwa iri-iri, wanda ya fi yadda yake a kasarmu, da kuma yanar gizo fiye da Amurka ko Jamusanci, don kawo wasu misalai masu dacewa. Zuwa ga cewa babu iyakoki kan saka hannun jari ta hanyar masu amfani da kasuwar hannayen jari. Wannan gaskiyar tana nufin cewa zaku iya zaɓar kowane yanki kuma ta hanyar haƙƙin haƙƙin kamfanonin da ke da ƙimar kasuwanci wanda ake ɗauka da mahimmanci da mahimmanci a cikin ɓangaren saka hannun jari. Daga wannan ra'ayi, ƙanana da matsakaita masu saka jari ba su da matsala ga masu amfani don yanke shawara game da menene mafi kyawun shawarar da zasu iya yankewa a kowane lokaci.
Barometer na tattalin arzikin Japan
Ta hanyar ra'ayi ba za a iya shakkar cewa wannan jeri a kasuwar hada-hadar hannayen jari ta duniya ana iya ɗauka azaman barometer na tattalin arzikin Japan ba. Har zuwa ma'anar cewa yana nuni da tattalin arzikin wannan ƙasa ta Asiya tare da babban gaskiyar. Kamar yadda fewan kasuwar duniya ke nuna shi a wannan lokacin daidai, tare da ƙimomin 225 waɗanda suka dace da kamfanoni masu ƙarfi da ke da ruwa mai yawa. A takaice dai, yana da sauƙin daidaita farashin shigarwa da fitarwa daga wakilan kuɗaɗe. A saboda wannan dalili, ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa wasu daga cikin waɗannan sharuɗɗan tsaron sun zama jakar yawancin kuɗin saka hannun jarin da kamfanonin gudanarwa na ƙasa da ƙasa suka haɓaka. Wannan saboda haka ɗayan fa'idodin da suka dace waɗanda zaku iya ganowa daga farkon kuma sabanin sauran alamun akan kasuwar hannun jari a duniya.
Duk da yake a ɗaya hannun, ba za a iya mantawa da cewa indexididdigar Jafananci na da babban tasiri a kan sauran ba saboda girman takamaiman nauyin da ya shafi tattalin arzikin ƙasa. Gaskiyar gaskiyar da ke sa ya zama abin dogara sosai don sanin ainihin yanayin tattalin arziki da kuma yadda duniyar saka hannun jari ba zata kasance ba. A wannan ma'anar, yana nuna matukar kyau duk da cewa ya yi nisa daga mahangar wurin da yake. Kawai don gaskiyar cewa kasuwar kuɗi ce wacce take buɗe yayin da dukkanmu muke bacci kuma bamu da masaniyar jujjuyawarta a kowane zaman ciniki. Ala kulli hal, wannan ɗayan murabba'ai ne da ya kamata mu kasance masu lura da su a kowace rana a matsayin abin dogaro ga abin da dole ne mu yi a kowane lokaci. Dukansu don siyarwa da siyan hannun jari a kasuwannin daidaiton kowace ƙasa a duniya.
Tare da wata dabara wacce take daidai da sauran wuraren duniya tunda bata kawo wani bambanci kuma saboda haka baya bukatar wani koyo na daban, kamar kasuwar hada hadar kudi ta kasar mu. Akalla la'akari da shi daga yanzu zuwa aiwatar da kowane irin aiki don sanya wadatar da kuke samu ta zama mai fa'ida.
Haɗa cikin ETFs
Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Nikkei 225 shine babban jarin kasuwar Jafana kuma barometer na tattalin arzikin Japan. Yana kimanta aikin manyan kamfanoni na Japan guda 225, wanda ya shafi masana'antun masana'antu da yawa. Gabaɗaya ana ɗaukarsa azaman Japan ɗin kwatankwacin matsakaiciyar masana'antar Dow Jones, ya haɗa da manyan kamfanoni 225 waɗanda aka jera a kasuwar Tokyo. Kodayake ba za ku iya saka hannun jari kai tsaye a cikin index ba, kuna iya samun damar yin amfani da hannun jari a cikin Nikkei 225 ta hanyar asusun musayar ciniki (ETF). A wannan ma'anar, siye da sarrafa kowane ɗayan hannun jari na Nikkei 225 suna da tsada da rashin aiki, tare da mahimmancin tasirin haraji. Masu saka hannun jari na kowane ɗayan na iya samun damar yin amfani da su ta hanyar hadahadar kuɗaɗen musayar (ETFs), waɗanda dukiyar su ke da alaƙa da Nikkei 225.
Ba kamar kuɗaɗen haɗin kai ba, waɗanda ake farashinsu a ƙarshen rana, ana siyar da ETF a cikin yini, don haka farashinsu yana canzawa kamar hannun jari. Kamar kuɗaɗen haɗin gwiwar, ETFs suna ba da fa'ida ta hanyar saka hannun jari ɗaya. Suna da ƙananan kashe kuɗi fiye da kudaden gudanar da aiki. Daban-daban ETFs waɗanda ke biye da kasuwancin Nikkei 225 akan Kasuwar Hannun Jari ta Tokyo. Sun hada da iShares Nikkei 225 ETF daga Blackrock Japan, Nikkei 225 Exchange Traded Fund (NTETF) daga Nomura Asset Management, da Daiwa ETF Nikkei 225 daga Daiwa Asset Management.
Saya da siyar da hannun jari
Don siyar da waɗannan ETF ɗin, dole ne mutum ya buɗe asusu tare da kamfanin dillalai wanda zai basu damar siye da siyar da saka hannun jarin da basu da rajista a cikin US Fidelity Investments da ETrade Financial Corp. (ETFC) suna daga cikin dillalan rangwamen. Waɗanda ke ba da asusun kasuwancin duniya. Yi la'akari da cewa kasuwancin ETF a cikin kasuwanninku na gida suna da rikitarwa. ETFs da aka jera a Kasuwar Hannun Jari na Tokyo ana kiran su cikin yen. Baya ga sa ido kan aikin na Nikkei 225, dole ne ku yi la'akari da canjin canjin tsakanin musa da dala.
Burtaniya, Faransa, Jamus, Switzerland, Italia da Singapore suma suna ba da ETFs wadanda ke bin Nikkei 225, wasu kuma an jera su a Kasuwar Hannun Jari ta Tokyo.
Tare da tsananin kula da kasuwanci
A lokacin rashin kwanciyar hankali a kasuwannin hada-hadar kuɗi, akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa waɗanda masu saka jari za su iya zaɓar don samun wadatar kuɗinsu mai riba. Ofayan mafi dacewa a wannan lokacin shine wanda wannan kasuwar take wakilta a kasuwannin daidaiton ƙasashe. Daga wannan ra'ayi, dole ne a jaddada cewa kwanciyar hankali na siyasa, kula da kasuwanci da ƙananan ƙimantawa sun sanya shi kyakkyawan lokacin saka hannun jari a kasuwar Japan. Duk da kasancewa ƙasa ta uku mafi girman tattalin arziki a duniya ta hanyar wadataccen kayan cikin gida, Japan abun tunani ne ga yawancin masu saka jari. Amma rashin bayyanar da hannayen jarin Japan yana hana masu saka hannun jari kasuwar da zata iya samar da riba mai tsoka da kwanciyar hankali.
Nikkoi Asset Management ya yi hasashen cewa Nikkei 225 zai tashi game da 16% tsakanin yanzu zuwa Agusta 2020, idan aka kwatanta da 5% na S&P 500. John Vail, babban mai tsara dabarun Niket Asset Management na duniya, ya danganta wannan aikin da aka tsara zuwa haɗuwa da ƙananan ƙimomi da ƙarfi . Rabon farashi na watanni goma sha biyu da aka gani a makon farko na watan Yulin 2019 ya kusa yin rikodin ƙasa, a cewar ƙididdigar Bloomberg.
Hakanan kudaden rarar sun karu sakamakon sauye-sauyen shugabancin kamfanoni wanda ya jaddada kula da masu hannun jari. Misali, adadin kudin biyan TOPIX ya tashi zuwa kusan 30% kamar na 9 ga Mayu, 2019, daga kusan 17% a 2004, a cewar bayanan Bloomberg. Wannan ya sa hannayen japan ke da kyau, musamman ga masu saka jari da ke neman samar da kuɗi. Kathy Matsui, mataimakin shugaban Goldman Sachs Japan, ya ce baya ga ƙimomi masu kima, ribar da ake samu na iya sake dawowa ko da da yen mai ƙarfi saboda ci gaban GDP a Japan da duniya baki ɗaya. Goldman Sachs ya yi hasashen samun kashi 6% na duk ribar da aka samu don kasuwar ta Japan a shekarar 2019 da 2020, bi da bi, koda kuwa yen na da matsakaicin kudi na 105 zuwa $ 1.
Girman ci gaba
Injin yawancin wannan ci gaban shine sake fasalin tsarin mulki da Abenomics. Lokacin da Shinzo Abe ya hau kujerar firaministan Japan a watan Disambar 2012, ya gabatar da wata manufar tattalin arziki da ake kira Abenomics don taimakawa ci gaba. Abenomics ya dogara da "kibiyoyi guda uku" na saukaka kudi, zaburar da kasafin kudi, da sake fasalin tsarin. Mista Takeda ya ce tattalin arzikin yanzu ya kai inda sake fasalin tsarin yake zuwa gaba, saboda saukaka harkar kudi da kuma bunkasa harkokin kudi sun taimaka wajen bunkasa ci gaban tattalin arziki a cikin shekaru shida da suka gabata.
Ayan manyan ginshiƙan sake fasalin tsarin shine sake fasalin tsarin mulki a Japan. A cikin 2014, hukumar kula da harkokin kudi ta gwamnatin Japan, Hukumar Kula da Kudi (FSA), ta gabatar da sabon lambar tsarin gudanar da kasuwanci. Lamarin an yi shi ne don yakar fahimtar cewa masu saka hannun jari na hukumomi suna maraba da tsarin kamfanonin.
An ba da sabuwar jagora a cikin 2017 don haɓaka aikin bayyana bayanai da ayyukan kulawa. Waɗannan matakan, in ji Mista Vail, suna ba kasuwar ta Japan dama ta tsari a kan masu fafatawa, saboda Amurka ce kawai ke kusanto yayin da ta ke yi wa masu hannun jari hidima. Mista Vail ya ce "Wannan ya haifar da karin riba a kamfanoni, yawan biyan kudi ga masu hannun jari da kuma kyakkyawar dangantaka da masu hannun jari gaba daya." “Akwai wasu kamfanoni masu matukar kyau, amma galibinsu sun dauki masu saka hannun jari kamar‘ yan kasa masu daraja ta biyu. Wannan ya canza gaba ɗaya, don haka ba kawai ana tilasta wa kamfanoni su mai da hankali sosai ga masu hannun jari da cibiyoyin da ke kula da kuɗi a Japan ba - masu hannun jarin yanzu sun fi nuna himma kan yadda suke zaɓen da hulɗa da kamfanoni ».
Zuba jari a kasuwar Japan
Masu saka hannun jari a wajen Japan suna da hanyoyi da yawa don saka hannun jari a kasuwar Japan. Takaddun Bayanai na Amurka (ADRs) koyaushe zaɓi ne ga masu saka hannun jari waɗanda ke neman ƙara wasu manyan ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwar Japan a cikin ma'aikatun su, amma masu saka jari na hukumomi gabaɗaya sun fi son kuɗi ko kuma musayar kuɗaɗen musaya saboda yawan da suke bayarwa.
Akwai kuɗaɗen haɗin kai guda 52 da kuma canjin kuɗaɗen musayar da aka sanya a cikin Amurka waɗanda ke mai da hankali kan Japan, bisa ga bayanai daga Refinitiv's Lipper. Bugu da kari, masu saka jari na kasar Japan suna amfani da kudaden musayar don samun damar shiga kasuwannin su, gami da wasu da dama wadanda ke bin diddigin bayanan Nikkei 225. Masu saka jari sun fara ba da hankali ga kasuwar ta Japan saboda dukkan bangarorin da suka dace na sake fasalin tsarin, kazalika da kwanciyar hankali na siyasa. Vail ta lura cewa Japan ta fi kwanciyar hankali fiye da Amurka da China, wadanda a halin yanzu suke cikin yakin kasuwanci, da Tarayyar Turai, wacce ta fada cikin rikici tun bayan kada kuri’ar Brexit a shekarar 2016. Duk da wannan, ana ci gaba da sayen hannayen jari a Japan, ya yayi jayayya, barin buɗewa ga masu saka jari masu neman kwanciyar hankali, rabon kuɗi da zaɓar damar bunƙasa. Rabon farashi na watanni goma sha biyu da aka gani a makon farko na watan Yulin 2019 ya kusa yin rikodin ƙasa, a cewar ƙididdigar Bloomberg.