Idan akwai magana mai zafi a cikin al'umma, wannan ba komai bane face wuraren haraji. Musamman, daga ra'ayi na haraji wanda shine yafi shafar masu biyan haraji. Saboda sama da komai shine nuna hadin kai kuma hakan yana da karancin bangare na al'umma a matsayin manyan masu fada aji na wannan aikin a matsayin mara tsari. Domin a wani bangaren, kada mu manta cewa babu wata haraji guda daya, amma da yawa fiye da yadda ra'ayin al'umma ke tunani.
Don fahimtar wannan rikitaccen batun haraji, babu wani abu mafi kyau fiye da sanin duk zurfin abin da ma'anar sa take. Da kyau, wuraren haraji asali ne na ƙasa ko yanki wanda ya keɓance don iyakantata ko musamman don ita low haraji. Kuma cewa wani ɓangare na al'umma yana son amfani dasu don rage harajin da dole ne su biya bisa ga dokar ƙasashensu. Ya isa a tuna cewa bisa ga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na duniya a halin yanzu akwai kusan wuraren karɓar haraji 50 waɗanda suka bazu a duk duniya, har ma a ƙasashen da masu karatu kansu ba sa tsammani.
Wani ma'anonin wuraren haraji wanda masu amfani zasu iya fahimta shine shine yankuna tare da dokokin haraji amma suna da sassauci ga mai amfani. ainihin biyan haraji. Inda harma za'a iya sanya shi azaman gidan zama na halal don na halitta ko na shari'a. Tare da makasudin biyan biyan haraji kaɗan, wanda a ƙarshe abin yake game da shi. Wannan shine ɗayan dalilan da yasa ya zama batun rikici kamar wasu kaɗan. Saboda ban da haka, kuɗi da yawa suna cikin haɗari a wuraren da ake kira wuraren haraji. Wanne ne batun da ake ta muhawara a kansa a yanzu. Fiye da sauran lamuran doka har ma da mahangar ɗabi'a.
Hararen haraji: me kuke nema?
Akwai abu guda daya karara a cikin wadannan wuraren da ake kaiwa na musamman kuma cewa abin da ake bi sama da komai shine a biya kasa da kudin da ya kamata. formalize a cikin ƙasarku. Duk abin da wannan yake, yana shafar duk ƙasashen duniya kuma yana iya shafar Mutanen Espanya, Ba'amurke, 'yan asalin Japan ko wata ƙasa daban. Daga wannan yanayin gaba ɗaya, akwai wani abin da dole ne kuyi la'akari da shi daga yanzu. Wannan shine abin da ke nuni ga rashin hukuncin cewa waɗannan ayyukan rashin ɗabi'a waɗanda wasu mutane suka zaɓa cikin babban burinsu na adana ƙarin kuɗi a cikin asusunsu na sirri ko na dangi na iya samun su.
A gefe guda, tasirin da yake da shi babban asusun ƙasa. Zuwa ga ba a tara miliyoyin da miliyoyin euro a kowace shekara. Gaskiya ce da aka saukar, da rashin alheri, kowace shekara. Ba a banza ba, gaskiya ce da ba za a iya musuntawa ba wacce za a iya ganin ta yau da kullun. Daga wannan yanayin abin damuwa da ke ci gaba a duk ƙasashen duniya. Domin ba mallakar mamaya ce ta wata kasa ba, amma akasin haka, sam sam. Daga mafi wadata zuwa mafi ƙarancin ci gaba a duk faɗin labarin ƙasa.
Menene waɗannan cibiyoyin harajin?
A wannan lokacin batun ya zo wanda duk masu karatu ke tsammanin kuma wannan ba wani bane face ƙasashe ko yankuna da ke da mahimmancin ra'ayi azaman wuraren haraji. Da kyau, tun da mun faɗi a baya cewa sun kai adadin wurare 50, akwai wasu sun fi wasu yawa kuma suna iya baka mamaki ta wata hanya ta musamman daga yanzu.
Saboda a zahiri, a ƙarshen shekarar 2017 ministocin Tattalin Arziki da Kuɗi na Tarayyar Turai sun sanya baƙon jerin wuraren mafaka sun kunshi kasashe 17, daga cikinsu akwai Panama, Tunisia, Koriya ta Kudu, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ko Mongolia, daga cikin waɗanda suka fi dacewa. Spain, a gefe guda, tana da nata jerin, mafi tsauri wanda a ciki ta ƙunshi wasu ƙasashe. Musamman, jerin suna da ƙasashe 48 kuma a yau ɓangare mai kyau daga cikinsu yana ci gaba a cikin wannan halin. Ala kulli hal, Andorra, Netherlands Antilles, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, United Arab Emirates, Jamaica, Malta, Trinidad da Tobago, Panama, San Marino da Singapore sun fito.
Aljanna azaman wurare masu kyau
A cikin kowane hali, wani bangare da ke jan hankali na musamman shi ne wanda ake magana akan wasu wurare masu ban sha'awa waɗanda ake ɗauka a matsayin manyan wuraren karɓar haraji a halin yanzu. Tabbas, sunayensu yana kan leben kowa kuma bashi da wahalar sanin menene Fiji, Solomon Islands, Jersey ko Tsibirin Man wasu daga cikin aljanna ne masu tasowa a cikin wannan hadaddun wuraren da aka nufa don kaucewa biyan haraji. Gabaɗaya ta hanyar hanyar sadarwar wasu kamfanoni, amma kuma wanda ke da babbar dama zata iya amfani dashi.
A wani bangaren, yana da matukar kyau ka san cewa a wani rahoto da kungiyar NGO ta Intermon Oxfam ta kirkira ya nuna cewa kudaden da aka karkatar da su zuwa wadannan wuraren sun tashi a 'yan shekarun nan zuwa Yuro tiriliyan 24. Wannan adadi mai yawa ya tabbatar da cewa wuraren da ake kira wuraren haraji a zahiri suna motsa kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na Samfuran Cikin Gida na Duniya (GDP). Kudi, to, ba za a iya amfani da shi a ƙarshe don bincike, albarkatun jama'a, kiwon lafiya ko wasu fannoni masu mahimmancin gaske ga masu biyan haraji a kowane jihohin da wannan matsalar ta kasafin kuɗi ta shafa ba.
Menene waɗannan wuraren ke bayarwa?
Shakka babu cewa waɗannan rukunin yanar gizon suna ba da mafita ga matsalolin kasafin kuɗi na mutane waɗanda ke da ikon saye a cikin asusun su. Ba abin mamaki bane cewa wannan ita ce dabarar da ake amfani da ita don jawo hankalin kuɗi na mafi ƙarfin tattalin arziƙi a duniya. Daga wannan yanayin, babu shakka harakokin haraji suna ba da hanya mafi aminci don su dabarun tsara haraji. An aiwatar dashi daidai ta hanyar dabarun wasu masu ba da shawara game da harkokin kuɗi. Har ta kai ga sun shawarci kwastomominsu su je wadannan sassan duniya inda nauyin haraji ya yi kasa sosai. Ko kuma dai yana da cikakkiyar gamsarwa don kiyaye bukatun ku na kuɗi.
A gefe guda, mafi mahimmanci tsari don amfani da wannan dabarun sune waɗanda ake kira kamfanonin waje. Hakanan suna ba da izinin ƙirƙirar ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodi a cikin 'yan awanni kaɗan don samun ingantaccen maganin haraji daga yanzu. Kuma cewa suna aiki daga ko'ina cikin duniya, gami da Spain. Yana da yawa, ko kuma ya wuce kima, kuɗin da ke zuwa waɗannan dandamali tare da manufar biya kuɗi kaɗan har zuwa yanzu. A wannan ma'anar, wasu bayanai a cikin kafofin watsa labarai suna nuna babbar dama waɗanda suka zaɓi wannan dabarar ɓatarwa. Tare da sunaye masu dacewa waɗanda suke kan leɓunan duk masu karatu.
Bambanci tsakanin waɗannan ƙasashe
A cikin kowane hali, babu shakka cewa ba duk wuraren harajin suke ɗaya ba. Ba ƙasa da yawa tunda akwai bambanci sosai tsakanin su. Har zuwa ga cewa suna gasa don jawo hankalin kyakkyawan ɓangare na manyan jari daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Inda wasu wuraren da suka kware game da harajin kasuwanci suka tsaya don mahimmancin su na musamman, kamar Jersey, Panama ko Laberiya. Yayin da yake akasin haka, akwai wasu waɗanda ke ba da samfuran da ake kira cakuda kuma wanda babban tushen ishararsu shine tsibiri kamar Cayman. Kodayake, ba shakka, jeri na iya zama mai tsayi sosai kuma yana da ɗan gajiyar da masu karatu saboda tsayinsa.
Hakanan ba za'a manta da wuraren banki ba, kamar yadda yake a cikin takamaiman al'amuran Luxembourg ko Switzerland, waɗanda aka tsara don nau'ikan kasuwanci ko ƙungiyoyin mutane. Koda kuwa daga wuraren da suke cikin Tarayyar Turai, duk da la'antar da wakilai daban-daban na zamantakewar suka yi. A gefe guda, cewa masu ladabi ne, kodayake kyakkyawan ɓangare na ayyukanta da ma'amalarsa halal ne daga farko. A cikin abin da ya zama ɗayan manyan muhawara a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Ina bin bashi da suna mara kyau waɗanda wuraren haraji ke da su a yanzu.
Ina batun kamfanonin Spain?
A ƙarshe, ɗayan fannoni da ke ba da sha'awar masu biyan harajin Mutanen Espanya shine tasirin da yake yi akan kamfanonin da aka jera akan kasuwannin daidaito. Da kyau, a wannan ma'anar, kuma bisa ga Observatory of Corporate Responsibility, 86% na 35 manyan kamfanonin Sifen, waɗanda aka jera a cikin jerin zaɓaɓɓu na ƙasa, da Ibex 35Suna da wasu nau'ikan tallafi a wuraren haraji. Wani abu da suke aiwatarwa daga dabarun kasuwancin su kuma wannan hujja ce wacce ke samuwa ga duk masu biyan haraji, kodayake tare da ƙin yarda da yawansu. A cikin kowane hali, wuraren haraji ɗayan ɗayan batutuwan da suka fi dacewa akan bakunan yawancin al'umma. Bayan wani jerin abubuwan la'akari na zamantakewa.